Review Questions in Introductory Knowledge... 37

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1 Table of Contents Preface About the Authors How This Book is Organized Who Should Buy This Book? Where to Find Answers to Review Questions and Exercises How to Report Errata Conventions Used in This Book Section 1 Introductory Knowledge Chapter 1 How a Computer Works Introduction What is Hardware? What is Software? How a Computer Executes (Runs) a Program Compilers and Interpreters What is Source Code? Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Chapter 2 Java What is Java? What is the Difference Between a Script and a Program? Why You Should Learn Java How Java Works Chapter 3 Software Packages to Install Java Development Kit (JDK) How to Set Up JDK NetBeans How to Set Up NetBeans IDE Review Questions in Introductory Knowledge Section 2 Getting Started with Java Chapter 4 Introduction to Basic Algorithmic Concepts What is an Algorithm? The Algorithm for Making a Cup of Tea Properties of an Algorithm Okay About Algorithms. But What is a Computer Program Anyway? The Party of Three! The Three Main Stages Involved in Creating an Algorithm Flowcharts Exercise Finding the Average Value of Three Numbers What are Reserved Words? What is the Difference Between a Statement and a Command?... 45

2 4.10 What is Structured Programming? The Three Fundamental Control Structures Exercise Understanding Control Structures Using Flowcharts Your First Java Program What is the Difference Between Syntax Errors and Logic Errors? Commenting Your Code User-Friendly Programs Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Chapter 5 Variables and Constants What is a Variable? What is a Constant? How Many Types of Variables and Constants Exist in Java? Rules for Naming Variables in Java Rules for Naming Constants in Java What Does the Phrase Declare a Variable Mean? How to Declare Variables in Java How to Declare Constants in Java Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 6 Handling Input and Output Which Statement Outputs Messages and Results on a User s Screen? How to Output Special Characters Which Statement Lets the User Enter Data? Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Chapter 7 Operators The Value Assignment Operator Arithmetic Operators What is the Precedence of Arithmetic Operators? Compound Assignment Operators Exercise Which Java Statements are Syntactically Correct?...73 Exercise Finding Variable Types Incrementing/Decrementing Operators String Operators Exercise Concatenating Names Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 8 Trace Tables What is a Trace Table? Exercise Creating a Trace Table...82 Exercise Swapping Values of Variables...82 Exercise Swapping Values of Variables A Second Approach...85

3 Exercise Creating a Trace Table Exercise Creating a Trace Table Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 9 Using NetBeans IDE Creating a New Java Project Writing and Executing a Java Program What Debugging Means Debugging Java Programs with NetBeans IDE Review Exercises Review Questions in Getting Started with Java Section 3 Sequence Control Structures Chapter 10 Introduction to Sequence Control Structures What is the Sequence Control Structure? Exercise Calculating the Area of a Parallelogram Exercise Calculating the Area of a Circle Exercise Calculating Fuel Economy Exercise Where is the Car? Calculating Distance Traveled Exercise Kelvin to Fahrenheit Exercise Calculating Sales Tax Exercise Calculating a Sales Discount Exercise Calculating the Sales Tax Rate and Discount Review Exercises Chapter 11 Manipulating Numbers Introduction Useful Mathematical Methods (Functions) Exercise Calculating the Distance Between Two Points Exercise How Far Did the Car Travel? Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 12 Complex Mathematical Expressions Writing Complex Mathematical Expressions Exercise Representing Mathematical Expressions in Java Exercise Writing a Mathematical Expression in Java Exercise Writing a Complex Mathematical Expression in Java Review Exercises Chapter 13 Exercises With a Quotient and a Remainder Introduction Exercise Calculating the Quotient and Remainder of Integer Division Exercise Finding the Sum of Digits Exercise Displaying an Elapsed Time Exercise Reversing a Number Review Exercises

4 Chapter 14 Manipulating Strings Introduction The Position of a Character in a String Retrieving an Individual Character From a String Exercise Displaying a String Backwards Useful String Methods (Functions) Exercise Switching the Order of Names Exercise Creating a Login ID Exercise Creating a Random Word Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Review Questions in Sequence Control Structures Section 4 Decision Control Structures Chapter 15 Introduction to Decision Control Structures What is a Decision Control Structure? What is a Boolean Expression? How to Write Boolean Expressions Exercise Filling in the Table Logical Operators and Complex Boolean Expressions What is the Order of Precedence of Logical Operators? What is the Order of Precedence of Arithmetic, Comparison, and Logical Operators? Exercise Filling in the Truth Table Exercise Calculating the Results of Complex Boolean Expressions Exercise Converting English Sentences to Boolean Expressions How to Negate Boolean Expressions Exercise Negating Boolean Expressions Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 16 The Single-Alternative Decision Structure The Single-Alternative Decision Structure Exercise Trace Tables and Single-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise The Absolute Value of a Number Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 17 The Dual-Alternative Decision Structure The Dual-Alternative Decision Structure Exercise Finding the Output Message Exercise Trace Tables and Dual-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise Who is the Greatest? Exercise Finding Odd and Even Numbers Exercise Weekly Wages

5 17.2 Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 18 The Multiple-Alternative Decision Structure The Multiple-Alternative Decision Structure Exercise Trace Tables and Multiple-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise Counting the Digits Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 19 The Case Decision Structure The Case Decision Structure Exercise The Days of the Week Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 20 Nested Decision Control Structures What are Nested Decision Control Structures? Exercise Trace Tables and Nested Decision Control Structures Exercise Positive, Negative or Zero? A Mistake That You Will Probably Make! Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 21 Tips and Tricks with Decision Control Structures Introduction Choosing a Decision Control Structure Streamlining the Decision Control Structure Exercise Shrinking the Algorithm Exercise Shrinking the Java program Exercise Shrinking the Algorithm Merging Two or More Single-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise Merging the Decision Control Structures Exercise Merging the Decision Control Structures Replacing Two Single-Alternative Decision Structures with a Dual-Alternative One Exercise Merging the Decision Control Structures What is Code Indentation and Why is it so Important? Using the From Inner to Outer Method in Decision Control Structures Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 22 Flowcharts with Decision Control Structures Introduction Converting Java programs to Flowcharts Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart

6 22.3 Converting Flowcharts to Java programs Exercise Writing the Java program Exercise Writing the Java program Exercise Writing the Java program Exercise Writing the Java program Exercise Writing the Java program Review Exercises Chapter 23 More Exercises with Decision Control Structures Simple Exercises with Decision Control Structures Exercise Both Odds or Both Evens? Exercise Validating Data Input and Finding if a Number is Exactly Divisible by both 5 and 8? Exercise Is it an Integer? Exercise Converting Gallons to Liters, and Vice Versa Exercise Converting Gallons to Liters, and Vice Versa (with Data Validation) Exercise Where is the Tollkeeper? Exercise The Most Scientific Calculator Ever! Finding Minimum and Maximum Values with Decision Control Structures Exercise Finding the Name of the Heaviest Person Exercises with Series of Consecutive Ranges of Values Exercise Calculating the Discount Exercise Validating Data Input and Calculating the Discount Exercise Sending a Parcel Exercise Progressive Rates and Electricity Consumption Exercise Progressive Rates and Text Messaging Services Exercises of a General Nature with Decision Control Structures Exercise Finding a Leap Year Exercise Displaying the Days of the Month Exercise Is the Number a Palindrome? Exercise Checking for Proper Capitalization and Punctuation Review Exercises Review Questions in Decision Control Structures Section 5 Loop Control Structures Chapter 24 Introduction to Loop Control Structures What is a Loop Control Structure? From Sequence Control to Loop Control Structures Review Questions: True/False Chapter 25 The Pre-Test Loop Structure The Pre-Test Loop Structure Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Finding the Sum of 4 Numbers Exercise Finding the Product of 20 Numbers Exercise Finding the Product of N Numbers Exercise Finding the Sum of Odd Numbers

7 Exercise Finding the Sum of an Unknown Quantity of Numbers Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 26 The Post-Test Loop Structure The Post-Test Loop Structure Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Finding the Product of N Numbers Exercise Finding the Product of an Unknown Quantity of Numbers Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 27 Counted Loop Structures Counted Loop Structures Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Creating the Trace Table Exercise Creating the Trace Table Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Finding the Sum of 10 Numbers Exercise Finding the Square Roots from 0 to N Rules that Apply to Counted Loop Structures Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Finding the Average Value of N Numbers Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 28 Nested Loop Control Structures What is a Nested Loop? Exercise Say Hello Zeus. Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Creating the Trace Table Rules that Apply to Nested Loops Exercise Breaking the First Rule Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 29 Tips and Tricks with Loop Control Structures Introduction Choosing a Loop Control Structure The Ultimate Rule

8 29.4 Breaking Out of a Loop Cleaning Out Your Loops Exercise Cleaning Out the Loop Exercise Cleaning Out the Loop Endless Loops and How to Avoid Them Using the From Inner to Outer Method in Loop Control Structures Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 30 Flowcharts with Loop Control Structures Introduction Converting Java programs to Flowcharts Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Converting Flowcharts to Java programs Exercise Writing the Java program Exercise Writing the Java program Exercise Writing the Java program Exercise Writing the Java program Review Exercises Chapter 31 More Exercises with Loop Control Structures Simple Exercises with Loop Control Structures Exercise Finding the Sum of Exercise Finding the Product of Exercise Finding the Sum of (2N) Exercise Finding the Sum of (3N) 3N Exercise Finding the Average Value of Positive Numbers Exercise Counting the Numbers According to Which is Greater Exercise Counting the Numbers According to Their Digits Exercise How Many Numbers Fit in a Sum Exercise Finding the Total Number of Positive Integers Exercise Iterating as Many Times as the User Wishes Exercise Finding the Sum of the Digits Exercise Counting the Digits Exercises with Nested Loop Control Structures Exercise Displaying all Three-Digit Integers that Contain a Given Digit Exercise Displaying all Instances of a Specified Condition Data Validation with Loop Control Structures Exercise Finding the Square Root - Validation Without Error Messages Exercise Finding the Square Root - Validation with One Error Message Exercise Finding the Square Root - Validation with Individual Error Messages Exercise Finding the Sum of 10 Numbers Finding Minimum and Maximum Values with Loop Control Structures

9 Exercise Validating and Finding the Minimum and the Maximum Value Exercise Validating and Finding the Maximum Temperature Exercise Making the Grade Exercises of a General Nature with Loop Control Structures Exercise Fahrenheit to Kelvin, from 0 to Exercise Wheat on a Chessboard Exercise Just a Poll Exercise Is the Message a Palindrome? Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Review Questions in Loop Control Structures Section 6 Arrays Chapter 32 Introduction to Arrays Introduction What is an Array? Exercise Designing an Array Exercise Designing Arrays Exercise Designing Arrays Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 33 One-Dimensional Arrays Creating One-Dimensional Arrays in Java How to Get Values from One-Dimensional Arrays Exercise Creating the Trace Table Exercise Using a Non-Existing Index How to Add Values Entered by the User to a One-Dimensional Array How to Iterate Through a One-Dimensional Array Exercise Displaying Words in Reverse Order Exercise Displaying Positive Numbers in Reverse Order Exercise Displaying Even Numbers in Odd Numbered Index Positions Exercise Finding the Sum Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 34 Two-Dimensional Arrays Creating Two-Dimensional Arrays in Java How to Get Values from Two-Dimensional Arrays Exercise Creating the Trace Table How to Add Values Entered by the User to a Two-Dimensional Array How to Iterate Through a Two-Dimensional Array Exercise Displaying Reals Only Exercise Displaying Odd Columns Only What s the Story on Variables i and j? Square Arrays Exercise Finding the Sum of the Elements of the Main Diagonal Exercise Finding the Sum of the Elements of the Antidiagonal

10 Exercise Filling in the Array Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 35 Tips and Tricks with Arrays Introduction Processing Each Row Individually Exercise Finding the Average Value Processing Each Column Individually Exercise Finding the Average Value How to Use One-Dimensional Along with Two-Dimensional Arrays Exercise Finding the Average Value Creating a One-Dimensional Array from a Two-Dimensional Array Creating a Two-Dimensional Array from a One-Dimensional Array Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 36 More Exercises with Arrays Simple Exercises with Arrays Exercise Creating an Array that Contains the Average Values of its Neighboring Elements Exercise Creating an Array with the Greatest Values Exercise Merging One-Dimensional Arrays Exercise Merging Two-Dimensional Arrays Exercise Creating Two Arrays Separating Positive from Negative Values Exercise Creating an Array with Those who Contain Digit Data Validation with Arrays Exercise Displaying Odds in Reverse Order Validation Without Error Messages Exercise Displaying Odds in Reverse Order Validation with One Error Message Exercise Displaying Odds in Reverse Order Validation with Individual Error Messages Finding Minimum and Maximum Values in Arrays Exercise Which Depth is the Greatest? Exercise Which Lake is the Deepest? Exercise Which Lake, in Which Country, Having Which Average Area, is the Deepest? Exercise Which Students Have got the Greatest Grade? Exercise Finding the Minimum Value of a Two-Dimensional Array Exercise Finding the City with the Coldest Day Exercise Finding the Minimum and the Maximum Value of Each Row Exercise Finding the Minimum and the Maximum Value of Each Column Sorting Arrays Exercise The Bubble Sort Algorithm Sorting One-Dimensional Arrays with Numeric Values Exercise Sorting One-Dimensional Arrays with Alphanumeric Values Exercise Sorting One-Dimensional Arrays While Preserving the Relationship with a Second Array Exercise Sorting Last and First Names

11 Exercise Sorting a Two-Dimensional Array Exercise Finding the Three Heaviest Weights and the Three Lightest Weights Exercise The Five Best Scorers Searching Elements in Arrays Exercise The Linear Search Algorithm Searching in a One-Dimensional Array that may Contain the Same Value Multiple Times Exercise Display the Last Names of All Those People Who Have the Same First Name Exercise Searching in a One-Dimensional Array that Contains Unique Values Exercise Searching for a Given Social Security Number Exercise Searching in a Two-Dimensional Array that may Contain the Same Value Multiple Times Exercise Searching in a Two-Dimensional Array that Contains Unique Values Exercise Checking if a Value Exists in all Columns Exercise The Binary Search Algorithm Searching in a Sorted One-Dimensional Array Exercise Display all the Historical Events for a Country Exercise Searching in Each Column of a Two-Dimensional Array Exercises of a General Nature with Arrays Exercise On Which Days was There a Possibility of Snow? Exercise Was There Any Possibility of Snow? Exercise In Which Cities was There a Possibility of Snow? Exercise Display from Highest to Lowest Grades by Student, and in Alphabetical Order Exercise Archery at the Summer Olympics Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Review Questions in Arrays Section 7 Subprograms Chapter 37 Introduction to Subprograms What is Procedural Programming? What is Modular Programming? What Exactly is a Subprogram? Review Questions: True/False Chapter 38 User-Defined Methods (Functions) Writing your Own Methods (Functions) in Java How Do You Call a Method? Formal and Actual Arguments How Does a Method Execute? Exercise Back to Basics Calculating the Sum of Two Numbers Exercise Calculating the Sum of Two Numbers Using Fewer Lines of Code! Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 39 User-Defined void Methods (Procedures) Writing your Own void Methods (Procedures) in Java How Do You Call a void Method?

12 39.3 Formal and Actual Arguments How Does a void Method Execute? Exercise Back to Basics Displaying the Absolute Value of a Number Exercise A Simple Currency Converter Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 40 Tips and Tricks with Subprograms Can Two Subprograms use Variables of the Same Name? Can a Subprogram Call Another Subprogram? Exercise A Currency Converter Using Methods with void Methods Passing Arguments by Value and by Reference Exercise Finding the Logic Error Returning an Array Overloading Methods The Scope of a Variable Converting Parts of Code into Subprograms Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 41 More Exercises with Subprograms Simple Exercises with Subprograms Exercise Finding the Average Values of Positive Integers Exercise Finding the Sum of Odd Positive Integers Exercise Roll, Roll, Roll the Dice! Exercise How Many Times Does Each Number of the Dice Appear? Exercises of a General Nature with Subprograms Exercise Validating Data Input Exercise Sorting an Array Exercise Progressive Rates and Electricity Consumption Review Exercises Review Questions in Subprograms Index Some Final Words from the Authors