Chapter 3 Software Packages to Install How to Set Up Python Eclipse How to Set Up Eclipse... 42

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1 Table of Contents Preface About the Authors Acknowledgments How This Book is Organized Who Should Buy This Book? Where to Find Answers to Review Questions and Exercises How to Report Errata Conventions Used in This Book Section 1 Introductory Knowledge Chapter 1 How a Computer Works Introduction What is Hardware? What is Software? How a Computer Executes (Runs) a Program Compilers and Interpreters What is Source Code? Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Chapter 2 Python What is Python? What is the Difference Between a Script and a Program? Why You Should Learn Python How Python Works Chapter 3 Software Packages to Install How to Set Up Python Eclipse How to Set Up Eclipse Review Questions in Introductory Knowledge Section 2 Getting Started with Python Chapter 4 Introduction to Basic Algorithmic Concepts What is an Algorithm? The Algorithm for Making a Cup of Tea Properties of an Algorithm Okay About Algorithms. But What is a Computer Program Anyway? The Party of Three! The Three Main Stages Involved in Creating an Algorithm Flowcharts Exercise Finding the Average Value of Three Numbers What are Reserved Words?... 56

2 8 Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner 4.9 What is the Difference Between a Statement and a Command? What is Structured Programming? The Three Fundamental Control Structures Exercise Understanding Control Structures Using Flowcharts Your First Python Program What is the Difference Between Syntax Errors and Logic Errors? Commenting Your Code User-Friendly Programs Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Chapter 5 Variables and Constants What is a Variable? What is a Constant? How Many Types of Variables and Constants Exist? Rules for Naming Variables in Python What Does the Phrase Declare a Variable Mean? How to Declare Variables in Python How to Declare Constants in Python Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 6 Handling Input and Output Which Statement Outputs Messages and Results on a User s Screen? How to Alter the Default Behavior of a print Statement Which Statement Lets the User Enter Data? Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Chapter 7 Operators The Value Assignment Operator Arithmetic Operators What is the Precedence of Arithmetic Operators? Compound Assignment Operators Exercise Which Python Statements are Syntactically Correct? Exercise Finding Variable Types String Operators Exercise Concatenating Names Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 8 Trace Tables What is a Trace Table? Exercise Creating a Trace Table Exercise Swapping Values of Variables Exercise Swapping Values of Variables An Alternative Approach... 96

3 Exercise Creating a Trace Table...97 Exercise Creating a Trace Table Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 9 Using Eclipse Creating a New Python Project Writing and Executing a Python Program What Debugging Means Debugging Python Programs with Eclipse Review Exercises Review Questions in Getting Started with Python Section 3 Sequence Control Structures Chapter 10 Introduction to Sequence Control Structures What is the Sequence Control Structure? Exercise Calculating the Area of a Parallelogram Exercise Calculating the Area of a Circle Exercise Calculating Fuel Economy Exercise Where is the Car? Calculating Distance Traveled Exercise Kelvin to Fahrenheit Exercise Calculating Sales Tax Exercise Calculating a Sales Discount Exercise Calculating the Sales Tax Rate and Discount Review Exercises Chapter 11 Manipulating Numbers Introduction Useful Mathematical Functions, Methods and Constants Exercise Calculating the Distance Between Two Points Exercise How Far Did the Car Travel? Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 12 Complex Mathematical Expressions Writing Complex Mathematical Expressions Exercise Representing Mathematical Expressions in Python Exercise Writing a Mathematical Expression in Python Exercise Writing a Complex Mathematical Expression in Python Review Exercises Chapter 13 Exercises With a Quotient and a Remainder Introduction Exercise Calculating the Quotient and Remainder of Integer Division Exercise Finding the Sum of Digits Exercise Displaying an Elapsed Time Exercise Reversing a Number Review Exercises

4 10 Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner Chapter 14 Manipulating Strings Introduction Retrieving Individual Characters From a String Exercise Finding the Sum of Digits Retrieving a Portion From a String Exercise Displaying a String Backwards Useful String Functions, Methods, and Constants Exercise Switching the Order of Names Exercise Creating a Login ID Exercise Creating a Random Word Exercise Reversing a Number Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Review Questions in Sequence Control Structures Section 4 Decision Control Structures Chapter 15 Introduction to Decision Control Structures What is a Decision Control Structure? What is a Boolean Expression? How to Write Boolean Expressions Exercise Filling in the Table Logical Operators and Complex Boolean Expressions Python s Membership Operators What is the Order of Precedence of Logical Operators? What is the Order of Precedence of Arithmetic, Comparison, and Logical Operators? Exercise Filling in the Truth Table Exercise Calculating the Results of Complex Boolean Expressions Exercise Converting English Sentences to Boolean Expressions How to Negate Boolean Expressions Exercise Negating Boolean Expressions Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 16 The Single-Alternative Decision Structure The Single-Alternative Decision Structure Exercise Trace Tables and Single-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise The Absolute Value of a Number Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 17 The Dual-Alternative Decision Structure The Dual-Alternative Decision Structure Exercise Finding the Output Message

5 Exercise Trace Tables and Dual-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise Who is the Greatest? Exercise Finding Odd and Even Numbers Exercise Weekly Wages Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 18 The Multiple-Alternative Decision Structure The Multiple-Alternative Decision Structure Exercise Trace Tables and Multiple-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise Counting the Digits Exercise The Days of the Week Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 19 Nested Decision Control Structures What are Nested Decision Control Structures? Exercise Trace Tables and Nested Decision Control Structures Exercise Positive, Negative or Zero? A Mistake That You Will Probably Make! Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 20 Tips and Tricks with Decision Control Structures Introduction Choosing a Decision Control Structure Streamlining the Decision Control Structure Exercise Shrinking the Algorithm Exercise Shrinking the Python Program Exercise Shrinking the Algorithm Logical Operators to Use, or not to Use: That is the Question! Exercise Rewriting the Code Exercise Rewriting the Code Merging Two or More Single-Alternative Decision Structures Exercise Merging the Decision Control Structures Exercise Merging the Decision Control Structures Replacing Two Single-Alternative Decision Structures with a Dual-Alternative One Exercise Merging the Decision Control Structures Put the Boolean Expressions Most Likely to be True First Exercise Rearranging the Boolean Expressions Converting a Multiple-Alternative Decision Structure to Nested Decision Control Structures, and Vice Versa Exercise Converting the Python Program Exercise Converting the Python Program Using the From Inner to Outer Method in Decision Control Structures Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice

6 12 Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner Review Exercises Chapter 21 Flowcharts with Decision Control Structures Introduction Converting Python Programs to Flowcharts Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Converting Flowcharts to Python Programs Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Review Exercises Chapter 22 More Exercises with Decision Control Structures Simple Exercises with Decision Control Structures Exercise Both Odds or Both Evens? Exercise Validating Data Input and Finding if a Number is Exactly Divisible by both 5 and Exercise Is it an Integer? Exercise Converting Gallons to Liters, and Vice Versa Exercise Converting Gallons to Liters, and Vice Versa (with Data Validation) Exercise Where is the Tollkeeper? Exercise The Most Scientific Calculator Ever! Decision Control Structures in Solving Mathematical Problems Exercise Finding the Value of y Exercise Finding the Values of y Exercise Validating Data Input and Finding the Values of y Exercise Solving the Linear Equation ax + b = Exercise Solving the Quadratic Equation ax 2 + bx + c = Finding Minimum and Maximum Values with Decision Control Structures Exercise Finding the Name of the Heaviest Person Exercises with Series of Consecutive Ranges of Values Exercise Calculating the Discount Exercise Validating Data Input and Calculating the Discount Exercise Sending a Parcel Exercise Finding the Values of y Exercise Progressive Rates and Electricity Consumption Exercise Progressive Rates, Electricity Consumption, Taxes, Data Validation and Code Optimization, All in One! Exercise Progressive Rates and Text Messaging Services Exercises of a General Nature with Decision Control Structures Exercise Finding a Leap Year Exercise Displaying the Days of the Month Exercise Is the Number a Palindrome? Exercise Checking for Proper Capitalization and Punctuation Review Exercises

7 Review Questions in Decision Control Structures Section 5 Loop Control Structures Chapter 23 Introduction to Loop Control Structures What is a Loop Control Structure? From Sequence Control to Loop Control Structures Review Questions: True/False Chapter 24 The While-Loop The Pre-Test Loop Structure Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Finding the Sum of 10 Numbers Exercise Finding the Product of 20 Numbers Exercise Finding the Product of N Numbers Exercise Finding the Sum of Odd Numbers Exercise Finding the Sum of an Unknown Quantity of Numbers The Post-Test Loop Structure Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Finding the Product of N Numbers Exercise Finding the Product of an Unknown Quantity of Numbers The Mid-Test Loop Structure Exercise Designing the Flowchart and Counting the Total Number of Iterations Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 25 The For-Loop The For-Loop Exercise Creating the Trace Table Exercise Creating the Trace Table Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Finding the Sum of 10 Numbers Exercise Finding the Square Roots from 0 to N Rules that Apply to For-Loops Exercise Finding the Average Value of N Numbers Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises

8 14 Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner Chapter 26 Nested Loop Control Structures What is a Nested Loop? Exercise Say Hello Zeus. Counting the Total Number of Iterations Exercise Creating the Trace Table Rules that Apply to Nested Loops Exercise Breaking the First Rule Exercise Counting the Total Number of Iterations Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 27 Tips and Tricks with Loop Control Structures Introduction Choosing a Loop Control Structure The Ultimate Rule Breaking Out of a Loop Cleaning Out Your Loops Exercise Cleaning Out the Loop Exercise Cleaning Out the Loop Endless Loops and How to Avoid Them Converting from a For-Loop to a While-Loop Exercise Converting the Python Program Exercise Converting the Python Program Exercise Converting the Python Program Converting from a While-Loop to a For-loop Exercise Converting the Python Program Exercise Converting the Python Program Exercise Converting the Python Program Exercise Converting the Python Program Exercise Converting the Python Program Using the From Inner to Outer Method in Loop Control Structures Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 28 Flowcharts with Loop Control Structures Introduction Converting Python Programs to Flowcharts Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Converting Flowcharts to Python Programs Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program

9 Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Review Exercises Chapter 29 More Exercises with Loop Control Structures Simple Exercises with Loop Control Structures Exercise Finding the Sum of Exercise Finding the Product of Exercise Finding the Sum of (2N) Exercise Finding the Sum of (3N) 3N Exercise Finding the Average Value of Positive Numbers Exercise Counting the Numbers According to Which is Greater Exercise Counting the Numbers According to Their Digits Exercise How Many Numbers Fit in a Sum Exercise Finding the Sum of Integers Exercise Iterating as Many Times as the User Wishes Exercise Finding the Sum of the Digits Exercise Counting the Digits Exercises with Nested Loop Control Structures Exercise Displaying all Three-Digit Integers that Contain a Given Digit Exercise Displaying all Instances of a Specified Condition Data Validation with Loop Control Structures Exercise Finding the Square Root - Validation Without Error Messages Exercise Finding the Square Root - Validation with One Error Message Exercise Finding the Square Root - Validation with Individual Error Messages Exercise Finding the Sum of 10 Numbers Using Loop Control Structures to Solve Mathematical Problems Exercise Calculating the Area of as Many Triangles as the User Wishes Exercise Finding x and y Exercise From Russia with Love Exercise Finding the Number of Divisors Exercise Is the Number a Prime? Exercise Finding all Prime Numbers from 1 to N Exercise Heron s Square Root Exercise Calculating π Exercise Approximating a Real with a Fraction Finding Minimum and Maximum Values with Loop Control Structures Exercise Validating and Finding the Minimum and the Maximum Value Exercise Validating and Finding the Maximum Temperature Exercise Making the Grade Exercises of a General Nature with Loop Control Structures Exercise Fahrenheit to Kelvin, from 0 to Exercise Wheat on a Chessboard Exercise Just a Poll Exercise Is the Message a Palindrome? Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Review Questions in Loop Control Structures

10 16 Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner Section 6 Lists Chapter 30 Introduction to Lists Introduction What is a List? Exercise Designing a List Exercise Designing Lists Exercise Designing Lists Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 31 One-Dimensional Lists Creating One-Dimensional Lists in Python How to Get Values from One-Dimensional Lists Exercise Creating the Trace Table Exercise Using a Non-Existing Index How to Add Values Entered by the User to a One-Dimensional List How to Iterate Through a One-Dimensional List Exercise Displaying Words in Reverse Order Exercise Displaying Positive Numbers in Reverse Order Exercise Displaying Even Numbers in Odd Numbered Index Positions Exercise Finding the Sum Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 32 Two-Dimensional Lists Creating Two-Dimensional Lists in Python How to Get Values from Two-Dimensional Lists Exercise Creating the Trace Table How to Add Values Entered by the User to a Two-Dimensional List How to Iterate Through a Two-Dimensional List Exercise Displaying Reals Only Exercise Displaying Odd Columns Only What s the Story on Variables i and j? Square Matrices Exercise Finding the Sum of the Elements of the Main Diagonal Exercise Finding the Sum of the Elements of the Antidiagonal Exercise Filling in the List Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 33 Tips and Tricks with Lists Introduction Processing Each Row Individually Exercise Finding the Average Value Processing Each Column Individually Exercise Finding the Average Value

11 33.4 How to Use One-Dimensional Along with Two-Dimensional Lists Exercise Finding the Average Value Creating a One-Dimensional List from a Two-Dimensional List Creating a Two-Dimensional List from a One-Dimensional List Useful List Functions and Methods Review Questions: True/False Review Questions: Multiple Choice Review Exercises Chapter 34 Flowcharts with Lists Introduction Converting Python Programs to Flowcharts Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Converting Flowcharts to Python Programs Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Review Exercises Chapter 35 More Exercises with Lists Simple Exercises with Lists Exercise Creating a List that Contains the Average Values of its Neighboring Elements Exercise Creating a List with the Greatest Values Exercise Merging One-Dimensional Lists Exercise Merging Two-Dimensional Lists Exercise Creating Two Lists Separating Positive from Negative Values Exercise Creating a List with Those who Contain Digit Data Validation with Lists Exercise Displaying Odds in Reverse Order Validation Without Error Messages Exercise Displaying Odds in Reverse Order Validation with One Error Message Exercise Displaying Odds in Reverse Order Validation with Individual Error Messages Finding Minimum and Maximum Values in Lists Exercise Which Depth is the Greatest? Exercise Which Lake is the Deepest? Exercise Which Lake, in Which Country, Having Which Average Area, is the Deepest? Exercise Which Students are the Tallest? Exercise Finding the Minimum Value of a Two-Dimensional List Exercise Finding the City with the Coldest Day Exercise Finding the Minimum and the Maximum Value of Each Row Exercise Finding the Minimum and the Maximum Value of Each Column Sorting Lists

12 18 Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner Exercise The Bubble Sort Algorithm Sorting One-Dimensional Lists with Numeric Values Exercise Sorting One-Dimensional Lists with Alphanumeric Values Exercise Sorting One-Dimensional Lists While Preserving the Relationship with a Second List Exercise Sorting Last and First Names Exercise Sorting a Two-Dimensional List Exercise The Modified Bubble Sort Algorithm Sorting One-Dimensional Lists. 595 Exercise The Five Best Scorers Exercise The Selection Sort Algorithm Sorting One-Dimensional Lists Exercise Sorting One-Dimensional Lists While Preserving the Relationship with a Second List Exercise The Insertion Sort Algorithm Sorting One-Dimensional Lists Exercise The Three Worst Elapsed Times Searching Elements in Lists Exercise The Linear Search Algorithm Searching in a One-Dimensional List that may Contain the Same Value Multiple Times Exercise Display the Last Names of All Those People Who Have the Same First Name Exercise Searching in a One-Dimensional List that Contains Unique Values Exercise Searching for a Given Social Security Number Exercise Searching in a Two-Dimensional List that may Contain the Same Value Multiple Times Exercise Searching in a Two-Dimensional List that Contains Unique Values Exercise Checking if a Value Exists in all Columns Exercise The Binary Search Algorithm Searching in a Sorted One- Dimensional List Exercise Display all the Historical Events for a Country Exercise Searching in Each Column of a Two-Dimensional List Exercises of a General Nature with Lists Exercise On Which Days was There a Possibility of Snow? Exercise Was There Any Possibility of Snow? Exercise In Which Cities was There a Possibility of Snow? Exercise Display from Highest to Lowest Grades by Student, and in Alphabetical Order Exercise Archery at the Summer Olympics Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Review Questions in Lists Section 7 Subprograms Chapter 36 Introduction to Subprograms What is Procedural Programming? What is Modular Programming? What Exactly is a Subprogram? Review Questions: True/False Chapter 37 User-Defined Functions Writing your Own Functions in Python

13 37.2 How Do You Call a Function? Formal and Actual Arguments How Does a Function Execute? Exercise Back to Basics Calculating the Sum of Two Numbers Exercise Calculating the Sum of Two Numbers Using Fewer Lines of Code! Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 38 User-Defined Procedures Writing your Own Procedures in Python How Do You Call a Procedure? Formal and Actual Arguments How Does a Procedure Execute? Exercise Back to Basics Displaying the Absolute Value of a Number Exercise A Simple Currency Converter Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 39 Tips and Tricks with Subprograms Can Two Subprograms use Variables of the Same Name? Can a Subprogram Call Another Subprogram? Exercise A Currency Converter Using Functions with Procedures Passing Arguments by Value and by Reference Exercise Finding the Logic Error Returning a List Default Argument Values and Keyword Arguments The Scope of a Variable Converting Parts of Code into Subprograms Recursion Exercise Calculating the Fibonacci Sequence Recursively Review Questions: True/False Review Exercises Chapter 40 Flowcharts with Subprograms Designing and Calling Sub-Algorithms in Flowcharts Converting Python Programs to Flowcharts Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Exercise Designing the Flowchart Converting Flowcharts to Python Programs Exercise Writing the Python Program Exercise Writing the Python Program Review Exercises Chapter 41 More Exercises with Subprograms Simple Exercises with Subprograms Exercise Finding the Average Values of Positive Integers Exercise Finding the Sum of Odd Positive Integers Exercise Finding the Values of y

14 20 Python and Algorithmic Thinking for the Complete Beginner Exercise Roll, Roll, Roll the Dice! Exercise How Many Times Does Each Number of the Dice Appear? Exercises of a General Nature with Subprograms Exercise Validating Data Input Exercise Sorting a List Exercise Progressive Rates and Electricity Consumption Review Exercises Review Questions in Subprograms Index