scientists' interest and that for studying the training techniques that could be used to achieve the necessary physiological responds of adaption

Transcription

1 The effect of using aquatic resistors on some physical variables and the muscular fatigue indicator and the numerical level of the students at swimming specialization Dr. / Nivien Amin Elafifi. Abstract Fatigue affects the hit length of the swimmers, so performing the exercises related to improving the relation between hits frequency rate and its length, when the swimmers in both cases of rest and fatigue, the rest will help in improving the hits efficiency, adaption with performing exercises in case of fatigue that will help the swimmer to maintain the best relation between the hit length and frequency hits rate especially in the last part of the distance. The researcher noticed through her teaching of the fourth grade female students of the swimming specialization the extent of burden on them and their inability to be compatible with the high training loads and the load training periods for the first year of the specialization and training after passing three years in the faculty they learn several skills in many fields and not subject to any training programs with high intensity, besides containing their applied theory on the butterfly swimming that requires high fitness and nervous and muscular compatibility and a high skill ability which affect negatively on the performance efficiency and weaken the numerical level and their inability to finish the training dosages as a result of feeling with exhaust and appearance of fatigue on them which made the researcher to put a training program by using resistors in water on some physical variables and the fatigue indicator and the numerical level of the students at the swimming specialization. The research aims to recognize the effect of usingusing aquatic resistors on some physical variables and the muscular fatigue indicator and the numerical level of the students at swimming specialization The researcher used the experimental curriculum by designing two groupswere (12) students (experimental(6) students controller(6) students) The research sample has been chosen by the intentional way of the female students of the fourth grade at the faculty of physical education Cairo University A training program by using the resistances to improve the numerical performance level of the (25m 50m 100m) swimming, crawl, breastand back and to improve the physical variables level (strength ability) of the swimming specialization students.of the students of the swimming specialization. Intrusion Swimming is one of the water sports which has a great importance, as scientists, doctors and sport specialists agreed on that, swimming is the sport of sports and that unique position depended on the several physical, psychological and social values reversed on its practitioners, it also gains the physical physiology

2 scientists' interest and that for studying the training techniques that could be used to achieve the necessary physiological responds of adaption with the effort, raise the functional efficiency of the body and improve the nutritional representation to achieve the best results. (1:24) MaysaFouad (2007) mentions that swimming is one of the sports that requires a high exertion in the least time possible which leads to making the swimmer feels tired and that as a result of a shortage in some vital systems, the physical training works on making the body gets an additional load to reach a status of kinetic compatibility of the work of the inner body systems and then raise its efficiency and improves the work of these systems as a result of rationing the stretching. (3:17) Genadijus (2008) refers to that, force with its types plays a fundamental role in performing short distances swimming and the speed swimmers stronger than distance swimmers, the speed swimmers train longer time to improve the force, as force exercises take 40% of the training unit time. Mohamed AlyElkot (2005) confirmed on that, raise in the muscular occur as a result of stirring the greatest number of muscular fibers and that occur with raising the used waterproofness as the resistance degree increased that made participating the greatest number of muscular fibers and consequently increase the muscular force. (22:175) Ahmed Nasr El Din (2003) referred to that the muscular force exercises represent the basic amount of training with using the special tools that help in improving the muscular groups that have the greatest burden through the training and confirmed on that, the athlete who has the higher ability of physical work is the easiest to adapt to reach a high level of professional performance. (4:121) AymanElgendy (2007) confirmed on that, training inside the water gives the best opportunities to improve the physical performance and also improve the benefit level from the several specifications and benefits of working inside the water, with reducing the time for improving these important physical aspects of performance in swimming, as floating particularity works on producing a natural outer forces up against the gravity that allow the body and its ends to reach a complete kinetic range, as it also helps on reducing the pressure force over all joints, and training with resistances or weights aim at increasing the force, muscular exertion and Swimming is as the other sports that require the necessity of having special physical fitness elements in its practitioners, as these elements improve the kinetic performance level of the swimmer as it associated also with the improvement and development processes of all vital systems of the body which leads consequently to raising the body's ability for the muscular work for a long time. (14:120) GendaijusSokolovas (2008) confirmed on that there is no way to improve the physical performance faster than a balanced program for training the force beside the other physical aspects, force plays a fundamental role in the performance of short distances' swimming as the speed swimmers have a higher force than distance swimmers. (28)

3 As swimming requires each of muscular force and affording, the need of training with different resistances shapes to improve the muscles power appears with increasing its ability to afford on condition that, the presented exercises in the muscular power training programs involve the muscles which are working in swimming. (31) Samir Abdullah (2003) refers to that improving the muscular force occur inside the water through using the helping tools such as hand paddles, legs fins and some weights inside water during swimming. (10:184) Mac Kelvie& others (2002) agrees on that training with weights raise the physical and professional performance level of all activities, as it helps on reaching the individual the high physical levels by improving the ability to focus and especially during performance. (29: 56-89) TarekElmahdy (2006) confirmed on that, the muscular force helps in raising the speed and the ability and also affects the arm move efficiency under water in speed swimming. (3:11) HossamEldinFrouk (2007) after MostafaKazem confirmed on the objective of improving the muscular force with its different types is acquiring the swimmer the ability to resist the fatigue during swimming which develop the swimming speed and improve the professional performance and that by using a suitable resistances those are compatible with the individual differentiations. (7:335) Mohamed Ahmed Gad (2002) mentioned that training by resistances by using fins, paddles, the float pulling flipper and the resistance swimsuits is one of the several exercises types which considered from the untraditional substitutes of ability and power exercises beside the kinetic performance facility in all required directions, and that gives the practitioners a chance to strength their muscles in the similar kinetic route by the same kinetic performance nature in the activity practiced. (1:19) Ahmad Nasr Eldin (2003) mentioned that the muscular fatigue is the temporary reduction of the physical and functional efficiency of the body, it's appeared as a result of performing strong and consequent physical exertions affect clearly on the individual level and his ability to continue in performance. (4:14) Mostafa Mohamed Nour (2004) referred to that, the efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory systems is one of the important components of the life and physical fitness which depend on the adaption degree in the different activities types, to improve the performance the main objective of the swimming training should be improving the inner adaption processes to increase the muscle's efficiency in producing energy. (3:23) The athlete when continue in performing physical exertion he is exposed to what is known by Muscular Fatigue Phenomenon as it's the main problem that face the athletes whatever during the training or the sports competitions, as it leads to a temporary reduction in the muscles' performance acceptability, it's considered the main obstacle for the physical performance success and achieving the highest accomplishment degrees, which appear in the noticed reduction in the performance

4 efficiency and the inability to continue the exertion, especially with raising the physical load intensity. (35) The muscular fatigue in the sports field doesn't less important than the planning problem for the training load itself which considered the main technique used by the athlete in affecting the athlete's abilities to raise the performance level and reach the high sportive levels. (5:22) We should distinguish between considering the fatigue as a positive phenomenon required to occur during training and exposing the athlete for it through the different training loads, and between the exertion case that the athlete could reach it as a result of different factors such as bad training plan, as the exertion phenomenon or the excess load are of the negative symptoms that shouldn't be reached and avoiding it continuously. (9:60) Mohamed AlyElkot (2002) referred to that, fatigue in swimming is losing the speed and feeling with pain which leads to reducing the movement speed in the 100m races and what above it and not appear in the 25m and 50m distances but it's noticed in the last five meters, the experts refer to that accumulating the lactic acid could be the main reason of fatigue. (10-11:22) And also fatigue associated with many factors whatever inner or outer factors, the most important of it training or competition loads components, through the load intensity, its period, in between rest in addition to the body's ability to fast adaption with these loads. (3:12) Abu ElelaAbdElFattah (2003) mentions that, the muscular fatigue appear as a result of strong and consequent strong muscular contractions that represent a burden on the nervous and muscular system and also the tough and permanent exertions for a long time represent a burden on the circular and respiratory systems, which cause fatigue. (2:110) The researcher noticed through her teaching of the fourth grade female students of the swimming specialization the extent of burden on them and their inability to be compatible with the high training loads and the load training periods for the first year of the specialization and training after passing three years in the faculty they learn several skills in many fields and not subject to any training programs with high intensity, besides containing their applied theory on the butterfly swimming that requires high fitness and nervous and muscular compatibility and a high skill ability which affect negatively on the performance efficiency and weaken the numerical level and their inability to finish the training dosages as a result of feeling with exhaust and appearance of fatigue on them which made the researcher to put a training program by using resistors in water on some physical variables and the fatigue indicator and the numerical level of the students at the swimming specialization. The research objective The research aims to recognize the effect of usingusing aquatic resistors on some physical variables and the muscular fatigue indicator and the numerical level of the students at swimming specialization.

5 Research Assumptions Under the research objectives the researcher assumed the following: - There are differences statistically significance between the pre and post average measure at the level of some physical variables, the professional performance and the fatigue indicator of the swimming students at Faculty of Physical Education Helwan University of the experimental research group. - There are differences statistically significance between the pre and post average measures at the level of some physical variables, the professional performance and the fatigue indicator of the swimming students at Faculty of Physical Education Helwan University of the controller research group. - There are differences statistically significance between the two averages of the post measures of the two research groups, the experimental and controller group at the level of some physical variables, the professional performance and the fatigue indicator of the swimming students at Faculty of Physical Education and for the behalf of the experimental group. Research Plane and Procedures Research Curriculum The researcher used the experimental curriculum by designing two groups (experimental controller) for the pre and post measures to fit the research nature. Research Sample The research sample has been chosen by the intentional way of the female students of the fourth grade at the faculty of physical education Cairo University of the academic year at the swimming specialization, they were (12) students, the reconnaissance study applied and the scientific coefficients found for (8) students from the same research sample but out of the basic sample, the sample had been divided into two equal groups one of them experimental applied on it the training program with the watery resistances and the other is controller applied on it the traditional technique each of. First: Devices and Tools: 1- Rest meter to measure the length by centimeter. 2- Medical scale to measure the weight by kilogram. 3- Dynamometer to measure the muscular power by kilogram. 4- Stop watch to measure the time to the nearest 0.01 second. 5- P-198 Combo Abdominal Back Extension w/ ROM 6- Program tools (float boards legs fins fins for the chest swimming weights for the hands, legs and the trunk - swimsuits paddles for the hands dimples closed parachute ice cream cone parachute sponge a belt around the waste fixed with it plastic cups) Tools and technique of data assembly Second: Tests and Measures:- 1- Professional Tests - Time of meters crawl stroke. Time of meters back stroke.

6 Time of meters breast stroke. Physical Tests Vertical pounce test from Constance to measure the muscular ability of legs' muscles. Dynamometer to measure the muscular strengh.of the legs. Abdomen compo to measure the muscular power of the abdomen muscles. Laying test with folding the trunk to the front to measure themuscular ability of the abdomen muscles. Dynamometer to measure the muscular strengh.of the back muscles. Folding the arms test (the adjuster) to measure the muscular ability of the arms. Throwing a medical ball to the fastest distance to measure the muscular power of the arms. 2- Fatigue Symptoms: Measuring the fatigue resistance ratio by this equation:- fatigue resistance ratio= (100 m time 2 50m time) (2 50m time) (16) 3- Measuring the pulse before and after performance directly. 4- Measuring the breathing times before and after performance directly. 5- Body measures 6- The body length by meter. 7- The body weight with kilogram. - Fourth: The proposed program by using resistances : Program preparation steps - The researcher made a reconnaissance form for the experts' opinions contains resistance exercises and repetitions and suitable rests, and after seeing the scientific references and the information networks and after taking the experts' opinions. Attachment (1) - The researcher determined the final shape of the resistances exercises, attachment (5) and the final program by using resistances in water, attachment (6). The timing distribution of the program - The timing distribution of the educational proposed unit - *The physical preparation (warming up) (15) minutes - *Exercises to learn legs moves in dolphin swimming and improve crawling, back and chest (30) minutes' - *Training by using resistances (35) minutes - *Relaxation and ending (10) minutes - Considering the graduation from easy to hard and from simple to compose. - Caring with warming-up and preparing all the body parts to not occurring injuries. - Considering the individual differentiations and suitability of of the exercises to the age stage and the sample.

7 - Considering the variety in exercises and comprehensiveness in preparation and effect. - Considering the achievement of the program to the objective had been determined for it. - Suitability of the training units such as volume, intensity and rests with the students level. - Considering that the best repetition of for improving the force between (15 30) seconds, and the groups repetition from (3 6) groups, and a rest from (1 2) minutes. - Considering the safety and security factors. - Considering the performance of flexibility exercises that permeate the resistance exercises to not affect negatively on the flexibility. - Considering the positive increase of the burden. - Considering the relaxation at the end of each training unit. The chronological distribution of the program The chronological distribution of the proposed educational unit - * The Physical Preparation (Warming Up) (15) minutes. - * Training by using resistance exercises, it had been executed after warming up directly to avoid the fatigue symptom and to get the highest benefit from the resistors and the researcher considered the permanent variety in the exercises and in resistors used with the gradual increase. (35) Minutes - * exercises to learn the legs moves in the dolphin swimming and improve the crawling, back and chest (30) m, the researcher considered reducing the intensity at this part at the beginning of the application, giving medium rests with increasing the intensity gradually, increasing the between rests and reduce the volume, respecting to improving the physical status of the students to make them reach the best numerical level they can achieve in the applied test of the end of the year which is swimming for (50) meters (crawling, chest and back). - * Relaxation and finishing and it involved competitions or fun games in the water and exercises for self-improvement (10) minutes. - The total training unit time containing warming up and finishing = 90 minutes - Time of the basic part = 65 minutes - Training units number per week = 3 units - Monthly training units = 12 unit - Two months training units = 24 unit SHOW AND DISCUSSING RESULTS First: Results Show Schedule (1)

8 The differences statistically significant between the pre and post measures at the level of some physical and professional variables and the fatigue indicator of the female students of the experimental research group physical and professional tests measuring unit pre measures post measures differenc es deviation average deviation average between averages improvem ent rate (t) value significance level 25 m free S % 3.98* significant 50m free S % 3.65* significant 100m free M % 3.58* significant 25m back S % 3.41* significant 50m back S % 3.98* significant 100m back M % 3.24* significant 25m chest s % 3.28* significant 50m chest s % 3.15* significant 100m chest m % 3.91* significant breathing times in rest n % 3.15* significant breathing times in exertion N % 3.65* significant pulse in rest Pulse/m % 3.21* significant pulse after exertion Pulse/m % 3.94* significant fatigue resistance ratio Adjusted % 3.14* significant legs' muscles' ability n % 3.25* significant legs' muscles' power Kg * significant abdominal muscles' ability n * significant back muscles' power kg * significant arms' muscles' ability n * significant arms' muscles' power m * significant (t) Scheduled value at the significance level 0.05= It's shown through schedule (1) that There are differences statistically significance between the pre andpost average measure at the level of some physical variables the numerical performance level of the female students of the swimming specialization of the experimental research group as (t) calculated value came greater than its scheduled value at the significance level (0.05) Schedule (2)

9 The differences statistically significant between the pre and post measures at the level ofsome physical and professional variables and the fatigue indicator of the female studentsof the controller research group physical and professional tests measur ing unit pre measures post measures differen ces between averages deviation average deviation average improve ment rate (t) value significance level 25 m free S % 2.98 significant 50m free S % 2.54 significant 100m free M % 2.58 significant 25m back S % 2.63 significant 50m back S % 2.14 significant 100m back M % 2.84 significant 25m chest s % 2.45 significant 50m chest s % 2.23 significant 100m chest m % 2.54 significant breathing times in rest breathing times in exertion n % 2.47 significant N % 2.92 significant pulse in rest Pulse/m % 2.24 significant pulse after exertion fatigue resistance ratio legs' muscles' ability legs' muscles' power abdominal muscles' ability back muscles' power arms' muscles' ability arms' muscles' power Pulse/m % 2.26 significant Adjusted % 2.84 significant n % 2.84 significant n % 2.15 significant n % 2.51 significant kg % 2.41 significant n % 2.63 significant m significant (t) Scheduled value at the significance level 0.05= It's shown through schedule (2) that There are differences statistically significance between the pre and

10 post average measure at the level of some physical variables the numerical performance level of the female students of the swimming specialization of the controller research group as (t) calculated valuecame greater than its scheduled value at the significance level (0.05) Schedule (3) The differences significance between the two post measure of the students of the experimental and controller group at the level of some physical and professional variables under search physical and professional tests measuring unit experimental group controller group deviation average deviation average (t) value significance level 25 m free S significant 50m free S significant 100m free M significant 25m back S significant 50m back S significant 100m back M significant 25m chest s significant 50m chest s significant 100m chest m significant breathing times in rest n significant breathing times in exertion N significant pulse in rest Pulse/m pulse after exertion Pulse/m significant fatigue resistance ratio Adjusted significant legs' muscles' ability n significant legs' muscles' power Kg significant abdominal muscles' ability n significant back muscles' power kg significant arms' muscles' ability n significant arms' muscles' power m significant (t) Scheduled value at the significance level 0.05= 1.782

11 It's shown through schedule (7) that, there are differences statistically significance between the averages of the post measures of the students of swimming specialization of the two groups experimental and controller research groups at the level of some physical and numerical variables and the fatigue indicator for the behalf of the experimental research group as (t) calculated value was greater than its scheduled value at the significance level (0.05) It's shown through schedule (5) that There are differences statistically significance between the pre andpost average measure at the level of some physical variables the numerical performance level of the female students of the swimming specialization of the experimental research group as (t) calculated value came greater than its scheduled value at the significance level (0.05) the researcher refluxes this improvement to using the different resistance exercises inside the water with the experimental group which led to improving the muscular ability level and reducing the fatigue indicator by using the proposed program which contained a group of exercises that are various, rational and gradient in the muscular work direction with concentration on the working muscles in performance in addition to strengthen the front muscles and that by using the different resistances in addition to resisting water. About that, Ayman Kamal Elgendy (2007) referred to that, the importance of improving the muscular abilities of legs and arms a fundamental component appear in a lot of physical aspects in addition to the professional performance in a good way and that's not achieved except by the resistance exercises which are responsible for improving the muscular ability. (6:43) HythamFathallah (2003) and Mac Kelvie (2002) agreed on that the regulation in training programs through the rational burden whatever by the resistance exercises or weights to improve the numerical level and the physical aspects. (25) (28:36) Each of Mohamed Ahmed Abdullah (2003) and Dwaine L. (2002) agreed on that the effect of the resistance exercises on improving the professional performance level and on the physical efficiency. (19) Each of AbdElazizElnmr and NarimanElkhatib (2002) referred to that, training with weights raise the power, ability and flexibility of the muscular groups and through the improvement and motivating the greatest number of muscular fibers to participate in the muscular contractions to perform the work. (13:264) The results of this study agree with the study of AymanElgendy (2007)(6), HossamEldin Farouk (2007)(7), TarekAtya (2006)(11) in the importance of using the resistances at different intensity in improving the physical and numerical level of the swimmers. which states on that, there are differences statistically significance between the pre andpost average measure at the level of some physical variables the numerical performance level of the female students of the swimming specialization a the faculty of physical education Helwan University, the experimental research group.

12 It's shown through schedule (1) that There are differences statistically significance between the pre andpost average measure at the level of some physical variables the numerical performance level of the female students of the swimming specialization of the controller research group as (t) calculated value came greater than its scheduled value at the significance level (0.05) The researcher refluxes this improvement in the muscular ability of the legs and arms and the numerical level of the students to the care of the responsible for the educational process of swimming subject with the physical preparation of the female students and concentrating on the technical sides of the swimming curriculum of the students of the specialization. In addition to training the students on the different types of swimming in the specialization and the presence of the professor continuously during the practical part and present the oral enhancement and fix the technical faults once it appear all of that led to improving the physical and numerical abilities of the students. So that, the first assumption would be achieved And that agree with Samir Rezk (2003) that during the preparation period all the essential duties that achieve the success are achieved as the functional base allow to perform the great amounts of the specialized work and also improving the physical aspects and the kinetic experiences. (10:65) So that the second assumption is achieved which states on that, There are differences statistically significance between the pre and post average measures at the level of some physical variables, the professional performance and the fatigue indicator of the swimming students at Faculty of Physical Education Helwan University of the controller research group. It's shown through schedule (2) that, there are differences statistically significance between the averages of the post measures of the students of swimming specialization of the two groups experimental and controller research groups at the level of some physical and numerical variables and the fatigue indicator for the behalf of the experimental research group as (t) calculated value was greater than its scheduled value at the significance level (0.05) The researcher refluxes the superiority of the experimental research group over the controller research group in the post measure and the rate of changing the post measure than the pre measure in the muscular ability of the legs, arms and fist and the fatigue indicator of the experimental group of the specialization students under search to the training program efficiency by using the resistances exercises inside water with what suits the technical performance in swimming as several skills that performed on the abdominal or the back and also its suitability for the physical and technical levels and abilities of the students which led to improving the muscular ability of the legs and arms related to the swimming nature, whereas the controller group used the traditional training program that depend on explaining the new skills and trying to perform it, and repeating the performance by the student then train on the new skill and the skills learned before to raise her level and the program is free of any resistance exercises in addition to their dependence in the

13 physical preparation on the same program which affected negatively on their physical level, numerical level and their fatigue indicator. About that AbdElazizNmr, NarimanElkhatib (2002)(12) refer to the importance of the exercises in improving the muscular ability as its improvement considered the first base of the physical performance and the sportive practice and the resistance exercises are considered one of the basic exercises which are important to improve the muscular ability and improving it. The results of this study agree with the study of each of Adnan Elkhtaby (2004)(15), AlaaEldinElewa, HeshamMoheeb, Adel Hamouda (2001), Mohamed Mouafy (2007)(18) in the importance of upgrading the numerical level of the swimmers by improving the physical abilities and delaying the fatigue appearance. So that, the third assumption achieved, which states on that, There are differences statistically significance between the two averages of the post measures of the two research groups, the experimental and controller group at the level of some physical variables, the professional performance and the fatigue indicator of the swimming students at Faculty of Physical Education and for the behalf of the experimental group. Results: - A training program by using the resistances to improve the numerical performance level of the (25m 50m 100m) swimming, crawling, breastand back of the students of the swimming specialization. - A training program by using the resistances to reduce the fatigue indicator of the swimming specialization. - A training program by using the resistances to improve the physical variables level (strengh ability) of the swimming specialization students. References: Recommendations: Using the proposed program of the resistance exercises for what it has of the positive effect on improving the numerical and physical level and delay the fatigue appearance of the students. Making a similar study by using the resistances on the different swimming types and other samples. Making training courses of the swimming trainers about using the resistances on different swimming types and other samples. Making training courses for the swimming trainers about using resistances inside a training program of the swimmers. A training program by using the resistances to improve the swimmers. 1- Abu ElelaAbdElfattah (2000) sports Biology and the Athlete's Health, Dar El Fekr Al Araby, Cairo.

14 2- Abu ElelaAbd El Fattah (2003): Training and Sports Physiology, Dar El Fekr Al Araby, Cairo. 3- Ahmed Mohamed Samir (2004): The Effect of A Suggested Training Program by Using Weights on Some Physical Variables and the Numerical Level of the Junior Swimmers under 13 years, unpublished MBA desertion, Faculty of Physical Education for Males, Minia University. 4- Ahmed Nasr EldinSayed (2003): Theories and Applications of Sports Physiology, Dar El Fekr Al Araby, Cairo. 5- Amany Mohamed Fathy& Ahmed Mahmoud Eldaly (2006): The Effect of the exercises on the Delay of Appearing the Fatigue of Handball female Players, a puclish research at the magazine of the Faculty of Physical Education for males, Elharam, Ayman Kamal KamelElgendy (2007): The Effect of Different Techniques of the Special flexibility trainings outside and inside the aquatic range on the level of the physical performance and the numerical accomplishment of the swimming juniors (compared study), unpublished PHD, faculty of Physical Education, Elmansoura University. 7- HossamEldin Farouk Hussein (2007): The Relation of The Muscular Affordance with improving the numerical level of the medium distance swimmers, the scientific magazine of the physical and sportive educational science, edition (8), faculty of physical education, Elmansoura University. 8- Hussein Ahmed Heshmat, Nader Mohamed Shalaby (2003): Muscular Fatigue Physiology, Book Center for Publishing, Cairo, Sama Salah Eldin Mansour: The Effect of Some Recovery Methods on the Level of the Central Fatigue and the Professional Performance in the Kinetic Expression, unpublished PHD, Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Helwan University, Samir Abdullah Rezk (2003): The Scientific Wikipedia of Swimming, Elamery Print shop, Oman, Jordan. 11- TarekAtyaMahdy (2006): The Effect of Training with Weights by Using the Two Methods the Distributed and the Intensive on some Physical and Biochemical Variables of the Junior Swimmers, Sports' Science and Arts Magazine, Faculty of Physical Education, Helwan University, Talha Hussein HosamEldin, Amany Mohamed Fathy (2006): Analytical Study of Some Muscular Fatigue Variables as each of the Electric Activity Drawer of the Muscles Measyres it and the Physical Efficiency Measuring Device (Compare Study), Published Research at the Faculty of Physical Education for males in Cairo, forty eight edition. 13- Abd El Aziz Elnmr, NarimanElkhateeb (2002): The Physical Preparation and the Training with Weights for Juniors before Growing Up, The Professors for Sport's Book, Cairo. 14- Azza Khalil Mahmoud Elgml (2003): The Effect of Proposed Training Program by Using Weights and the Step Machine on some Physical and Physiological Variables and the Professional Performance level in the Chest Swimming, The

15 Comprehensive Education Researches Magazine, the second tome, Faculty of Physical Education for Females, Zagazeg University. 15- Adnan HameedKhattaby (2004): The Effect of Massaging Under Water on the Speed of Recovery of some Muscular Fatigue Symptoms of the Athletes with Special Needs, unpublished MBA, Faculty of Physical Education for males, Alexandria University. 16- AlaaEldinElewa, Hesham Ahmed Moheeb, Adel HasaneenHamouda (2001): The Direct Adaption Symptoms to Direct the Training Load of the Junior Swimmers, the Scientific Mgazine for Physical Education and Sport, Edition 20, Faculty of Physical Education, Alexandria University. 17- MysaFouad Ahmed (2007) : The Effect of a Training Program By Using Quarantine as one of the Nutritive Supplements on some Biochemical Variables and Improving the Numerical Level in Crawling Swimming on Abdominal of the female students, the scientific researches and studies magazine in the physical education, Faculty of Physical Education at Port Saeed, Suez Canal University. 18- Mohamed Ibrahim Mouafy 2007: the Effect of a Proposed Training Program on the Numerical Level of the 100m chest swimmers, the fifteenth edition, the scientific researches and studies magazine in the physical education, Faculty of Physical Education at Port Saeed, Suez Canal University. 19- Mohamed Ahmed Abdullah Gad (2002): The Effect of Exercises Similar to Performance by Using Fins, Paddles, pulling flipper and the resistance swimsuits, unpublished MBA, Faculty of Physical Education for Males in Elharam, Helwan University. 20- Mohamed SobhyHasaneen (2001): The Measuring and Evaluating in Physical Education and Sport, the first part, t4, Dar ElfekrElaraby, Cairo. 21- Mohamed Fekry Salah Ahmed 2012: The Relative Contributions of the Technical Performance Variables and the Fatigue rate of the 100m competition swimmers, unpublished MBA, Faculty of Physical Education for Males in Elharam, Helwan University. 22- Mohamed AlyElkot (2005): The Physical Training Strategy in Swimming, the Arabic Center for Publishing, the second part, Cairo. 23- Mostafa Mohamed Nour, Mohamed ElazabBhery, Ahmed ElmohammadyElkady (2004): Studying Some of the Functional Responses for the different step exercises at different severity for the junior swimmers, Physical and Sportive Science Magazine, Mnoufya University. 24- NazehTawfikSaleh: The Effect of an Educational Training Program on the Physical Efficiency and Some Physiological Variables for the Junior Swimmers, PHD, Faculty of Physical Education, Banha University, HythamFathallahAbdElhafiz (2003): The Effect of Training with Weights to Improve the Muscular Power on the Speed and Accuracy of the performance Level of some Offensive Skills of the Football Juniors, Sports are sciences and Arts Magazine, the nineteenth tome of July, Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, Helwan University.