Biology Lab: How does Exercise Impact Homeostasis

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Maximilian Fitzgerald
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1 Name Date Block Biology Lab: How does Impact Homeostasis OBJECTIVES: Students will understand what variables maintain constant in order to keep their bodies at homeostasis. Students will understand how organisms maintain their stable internal conditions without being influenced by an unstable external environment. BACKGROUND: Homeostasis is the relative constant internal physical and chemical conditions that an organism maintains (Miller, 851). These conditions include ph, temperature, and oxygen level. Each organism has an optimal range for each of these constants in which they are best able to carryout metabolic processes. However when they experience a distribution in their internal chemical conditions, which could be due to a change within the external environment, the body will begin to work harder to return to its desired position. is one example of how we can disrupt the optimal conditions within our body. During strenuous cardio, the muscles work harder to supply the body oxygen. There are various visible attributes that can be observed during exercise that reflect these changes. These include breathing and heart rate, perspiration, and flushing of the skin. PROBLEM: How does exercise affect a person s heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level? HYPOTHESIS: Write a hypothesis about the effect of exercise on the dependent variables that you are measuring, giving a possible explanation to the problem listed above, using an If, the n statement. (You may read the procedure before drafting your hypothesis) MATERIALS: Groups of 3, please assign roles: Athlete: Doctor: Timer: Stopwatch on phone Revisions by Samantha Brown: Written By: Naomi Berg 2012 Adapted from Jodie Cohen s Homeostasis Activity & Vernier s Effect of Vascularity on Skin Temperature Recovery

2 PRE-LAB NOTES: 1. Working in groups of four, select roles for each group member: a. ATHLETE This person must be able to do the prescribed task at a moderate to fast pace for intervals up to 6 minutes. This person will stop just long enough between intervals for the needed measurements and observations to be collected. This person must be able to measure his/her pulse. b. TIMER This person is in charge of the stopwatch, making sure that everyone is staying on task, and is recording the data. c. DOCTOR This person is in charge of measuring the athlete s breathing rate, perspiration level, and skin color. 2. Practice making the following observations and measurements of the athlete while he/she is sitting down and resting: a. Skin Color of Hands and Face (pale, pink, red) b. Perspiration Level (1 = none, 2 = mild, 3 = medium, 4 = high) c. Breathing Rate (Count the number of breaths in one minute) i. Count the number of breaths in 15 seconds 1. Multiply the number of breaths in 15 seconds by 4 to calculate the beats per minute. d. Heart Rate: To measure the heart rate, you can use 1 of 2 methods. ii. Radial Pulse: this is done by taking 2 fingers and placing them in the groove of the wrist that lies beneath the thumb. Move your fingers around until you can feel the pulse. iii. Carotid Pulse: this is done by taking 2 fingers and placing them on the outer edge of your windpipe. This pulse may be easier to find than the radial pulse. iv. Count the number of beats in 15 seconds. 1. Multiply the number of beats in 15 seconds by 4 to calculate the beats per minute. PROCEDURE: 1. Make observations and measurements of the athlete while he/she is sitting down and resting. Record your observations in the Data Table The athlete should begin exercising when the timer gives the signal and continue to exercise for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes quickly make all observations and measurements. Record your observations in the Data Table The athlete will continue exercising at increasing intervals until the 6-minute intervals has been completed. After each interval observations and measurements should be made and recorded in the Data Table When the 6 minutes are completed, the athlete will rest for 1 minute, observations and measurements will be taken for the final time and recorded in the Data Table Make a separate smooth line graph for each of the following: a. Breathing Rate at Various Intervals of b. Heart Rate at Various Intervals of 6. Answer the questions in the conclusion section.

3 Data Table 1.Observations and Measurements During Various Intervals of Time Intervals Body Color (pale, pink, red) Perspiration Level (1-4) Heart Rate (beats/min) Breathing Rate (breaths/min) Rest 2 Minutes 4 Minutes 6 Minutes 8 Minutes Rest 1 Minute After Data Table 2.CLASS Measurements of Breathing Rate During Various Intervals of. Time Intervals Rest 2 Minutes 4 Minutes 6 Minutes 8 Minutes Rest 1 Minute After Breathing Rate (breaths/min) Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7

4 Data Table 3.CLASS Measurements of Heart Rate During Various Intervals of. Time Intervals Rest 2 Minutes 4 Minutes 6 Minutes 8 Minutes Rest 1 Minute After Heart Rate (beats/min) Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Graph 1: Heart Rate X Time

5 Graph 2.Breathing Rate at Various Intervals of Give two possible sources of error. How would they affect the results? Possible Source of Error Effect on Results

6 ANALYSIS QUESTIONS: Answer the following questions in your lab notebooks in complete sentences, making references to your data! You do not need to rewrite the question. 1. What is the independent variable in this experiment? 2. What happens to a person s breathing rate in response to exercise? 3. Why do you think this change occurs? 4. What happens to a person s heart rate in response to exercise? 5. What changes did you observe in body color in response to exercise? 6. What changes did you observe in perspiration level in response to exercise? 7. How are the levels of perspiration related to homeostasis? 8. Based on your data, what do you predict was happening to your athletes external body temperature as they increased exercise? (think about loosing heat) 9. Your body uses which mechanisms to help maintain a constant internal temperature? 10. Was your hypothesis correct? How could you better your hypothesis? 11. Write a statement that states how exercise affects the human body 12. Provide sufficient and appropriate data to support your claim about exercise affects the human body. (Hint: This section should come from your DATA and class DATA! No interpretation!) 13. Explain how the data supports your claim about the effects of exercise on the human body using your knowledge about homeostasis and physiological feedback loops.

Characteristics of Life. Problem: How does exercise affect a person's heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level? Pre-Lab:

Characteristics of Life. Problem: How does exercise affect a person's heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level? Pre-Lab: Pre-AP Homeostasis and Exercise Background: Homeostasis means maintaining a relatively constant state of the body s internal environment. Pulse rate is constantly checked by receptors throughout your body.