e-issn A comparative analytical study of Pravala bhasma and Pisti w.s.r. to Moola and Shakha Kaushal Arushi 1* and Arora Ravinder 2

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1 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem RESEARCH ARTICLE e-issn A comprtive nlyticl study of Prvl bhsm nd Pisti w.s.r. to Mool nd Shkh Kushl Arushi 1* nd Aror Rvinder 2 1 Ayurvedic Medicl Officer, Govt. Ayurvedic Dispensry, Deeg Distt. Kithl, Hryn, Indi * 2 S.K. Govt. Ayu. College, Kurukshetr, Hryn, Indi Received: 25th December 2014/ Accepted: 05st December 2014 / Published: 10th Jnury 2015 Greentree Group Interntionl Journl of Ayurved nd Phrmceuticl Chemistry, 2014 Arushi et l Int J Ayu Phrm Chem Vol. 2 Issue 1, 2015 drrushikushlpgyu@gmil.com

2 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem Abstrct Of vrious gems, Prvl is widely used by the Ayurvedic physicins in their dy to dy prctice of life. The use of Prvl for internl purposes nd for prepring vrious formultions cn be observed. Internlly s medicine, it is dministered in the form of Bhsm nd Pisti for curing ilments such s Amlpitt, Netr Rog nd Hridy Rog etc. The drug is being mnufctured by vrious industries nd hence the product is widely vilble in the mrket. But phrmceuticlly it gretly vries from industry to industry nd physicin to physicin with respect to its qulity. Moreover, in the mrket, it is vilble in two forms viz. Prvl shkh nd Prvl mool. The former is costlier thn the mool. Some of the clinicins clim tht Prvl shkh is more efficcious s compred to Prvl mool, for which there is no rtionle explined in the clssicl texts. The qulity nd stndrd for this drug therefore, is question in this scientific nd dvnced er. The prmeters like orgnoleptic, physicl, chemicl, qulittive nd quntittive etc. plce key role, by which qulity of ny dosge form cn be determined. In the present study, the Prvl pisti is prepred by triturting with rose wter wheres the Prvl bhsm is generlly prepred by bhvn with ghritkumri nd subjected to put. Both mool nd shkh bhsm nd pisti re prepred by sme methods nd nlysed on prmeters like orgnoleptic, physicl, chemicl which include loss on drying, totl sh, cid insoluble sh, wter soluble extrctive, lcohol soluble extrctive, ph etc, qulittive nd quntittive tests. The results show tht there ws no significnt difference between mool nd shkh. However, the percentge of clcium, phosphorous, iron nd mgnesium etc. elements re more in Prvl mool. Keywords Prvl, Pisti, Bhsm, Qulity, Mool, Shkh INTRODUCTION The word Qulity with reference to dosge form is comprehensive nd refers to chrcteristics like the potency, uniformity, purity, phrmcologicl ction nd stbility etc. The qulity of dosge form should not only be tested t the end but must be ensured t the time of receipt of rw mterils, through processing nd fter the preprtion of the finished product. It is not only the morl duty of the phrmceuticl mnufcturers to produce effective, sfe nd non-toxic dosge forms but it is their legl responsibility s well. Greentree Group 70

3 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem Prvl is being widely used by the Ayurvedic Drug Mnufcturers to prepre Ayurvedic Medicines. It is dministered in the form of Bhsm nd pisti for curing vrious ilments such s Amlpitt, Netr Rog nd Hridy Rog etc. In the mrket, Prvl is vilble in two forms viz. Prvl shkh nd Prvl mool. The Prvl shkh is costlier thn the mool. Some of the clinicins clim tht Prvl shkh is more efficcious s compred to Prvl mool, regrding this there is no rtionle explined in the clssicl texts. Ayurvedic Drug Mnufctures re lso confused on the issue tht which type of Prvl they should use. The present pper dels with the comprtive nd nlyticl study of Prvl bhsm nd pisti w.s.r. to mool nd shkh. A tril ws mde to estblish the difference on the bsis of their nlysis in terms of orgnoleptic nd physic-chemicl prmeters. AIM AND RATIONALE To scertin the difference between Prvl mool nd shkh by utilizing the suitble prmeters. The following studies hs been done crried out s there re no stndrd prmeters vilble to stndrdize Prvl mool bhsm nd pisti nd shkh bhsm nd pisti. Greentree Group 71 MATERIALS AND METHODS The preprtions selected for the study i.e. Prvl mool bhsm, Prvl mool pisti, Prvl shkh bhsm, Prvl shkh pisti were prepred by using the uthentic rw mterils t Deprtment of Rs Shstr, Ntionl Institute of Ayurved, Jipur, Rjsthn (A) Orgnoleptic Prmeters: The consistency, color, tste nd odor of the smples were noted through the nked eye. These chrcters were useful for hving primry ide bout the qulity of different formultions without using chemicl tests. (B) Physico-chemicl Prmetes: The following prmeters re required to develop stndrds for the reproducibility of Prvl bhsm nd pisti, both from mool nd shkh, of sme qulity thereby ensuring uniform therpeutic efficcy. The smples were nlyzed for different chemicl prmeters t Drug Testing Lbortory, Jipur. 1. Loss on drying 1 For determintion of loss on drying, 5 gm of the fine powder of smples ws tken in previously weighed petridish. It ws then dried in n hot ir oven t temperture. of 105ºC for 5 hrs.the powder ws then cooled in dessictor for 5 min, tken out

4 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem nd weighed. Drying nd weighing ws continued until constnt weight ws obtined t one.from the weights noted, the loss on drying of the smple ws clculted nd expressed s percentge w/w. 2. Totl sh 2 For determintion of totl sh, 5 gm of ccurtely weighed smple ws tken in previously weighed nd dried crucible. It ws then subjected to incinertion in muffle furnce t temperture not exceeding 750º C until free from crbon. The crucible ws tken out, llowed to cool nd weighed immeditely. The percentge of the totl sh content in the smple ws clculted nd expressed s percentge w/w. 3. Acid insoluble sh 2 The sh s obtined in sh vlue ws trnsferred to 100ml glss beker, boiled with 25 ml 6N HCl for 5 minutes nd filtered through Gooch crucible fitted with shless Whttmn filter pper No. 41. The residue over filter pper ws wshed with hot wter nd distilled wter, repetedly nd dried in n oven t 50ºC, cooled nd weighed. Lter, the residue long with the filter pper ws shifted to pre-weighed crucible, kept in muffle furnce nd heted up to 600ºC. After cooling, it ws weighed nd from the weight of the residue obtined, cid insoluble sh ws clculted. 4. Wter soluble Extrctive 2 Greentree Group 72 Accurtely weighed 5gm of smple ws tken, with 100ml of chloroform wter (95 ml wter nd 5ml chloroform) in flsk. The flsk ws fitted with cork, shken continuously for 6 hours in the shker mchine nd llowed to stnd for eighteen hours, filtered rpidly tking precutions ginst loss of solvent. Twenty five ml of filtrte ws evported to dryness in trred flt bottomed shllow dish, dried t 105º C to constnt weight nd weighed. Percentge of wter soluble extrctive ws clculted with reference to the moisture -free drug. 5. Alcohol soluble Extrctive 2 Alcohol soluble extrctive ws determined in the sme wy s wter soluble extrctive using ethnol insted of chloroform wter. 6. X- Ry Diffrction 3 The test ws crried out in IIT, Bomby (Deptt. Of Erth Sciences) The resulting nlysis is described grphiclly s set of peks with one percent intensity on the y-xis nd goniometer ngle on x- xis. The exct ngle nd the intensity of set of peks re unique to the crystl structure being exmined. 7. Inductively Coupled Plsm (ICP) 4 This test is lso crried out in IIT, Bomby (Deptt. Of Erth Sciences) Results of the Test re described in Tble No Nmburi Phsed Spot Test (NPS Test) 5

5 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem This test is crried out in Deptt. Of Rsshstr, NIA Jipur. By the end of 2 nd phse the mrgin merges with the centre more. Hundred gm of Hridr powder ws mixed, with 300ml of bsolute lcohol nd ws 3 rd Phse: By the beginning of 3 rd phse the wet shken in shker for 18 hrs nd decnted. This is the lcoholic extrct of Hridr. Sheets of Whtmnn No.1 filter pper were then uniformly dipped in 50% Hridr color solution nd dried. Prvl smples were tken into semi micro test tube nd were heted on spirit lmp till the tip of the lower end of the test tube becomes red hot. After cooling, 0.5 ml of distilled wter ws dded to these heted smples, shked nd llowed to settle. The smples becme cler within 5 minutes. The impregnted ppers were rrnged on the glss sheet nd 2-3 drops of solution of ech smple on Hridr pper in the centre from suitble height ws dropped. Development of the spot of different colors nd pttern t three different time intervls ws crefully observed in nturl dylight. Inference from the bove test Observtions in N.P.S.T. of vrious smples of Prvl tested on Hridr pper. 1 st Phse: A deep pink solid spot ppers with immedite formtion of more deep pink mrgin nd wet periphery. By the end of 1 st phse the centrl spce becme light pink. periphery fdes wy nd fter 24 hours 50% of the color fdes wy. The bhsm which is exothermic nd does not posses ny other peculir orgnoleptic properties but shows chrcteristic formtion of solid pink spot with wet periphery in N.P.S. test on hridr pper, fding wy rpidly is inferred s prvl shkh bhsm. The bhsm is exothermic which dsorbs more solvent (distilled wter) thn prvl skh bhsm with other chrcters being the sme of prvl skh bhsm on Hridr pper in NPS test is inferred s Prvl mool bhsm. No Relevnt findings were found in both Mool nd Skh Pisti. DISCUSSION The rckets of spurious, misbrnded nd dulterted drugs re big helth hzrd for the public nd plce n dditionl morl responsibility on genuine mnufctures to effectively counter this nuisnce. To rule out these drwbcks of drug qulity control is importnt. This cn be chieved by doing nlysis of smples. Tble No. 1 Orgnoleptic chrcters of rw Prvl mool & Prvl shkh 2 nd Phse: Greentree Group 73

6 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem Pr meter Observtions s Prvl Mool Prvl Shkh Color Red Light Red Tste Non specific Non specific Touch Hrd Hrd Odor Odorless Odorless Struct ure Fossil, irregulr, hving mny pores Under the present nlyticl study, the prepred smples were subjected to vriety of nlyticl methods to know the physicl nd chemicl chrcteristics of smples. In the orgnoleptic chrcters, the prmeters tested, show following results: Stick like, cylindricl, hrd nd dense Tble No.1 shows tht both shodhit nd shodhit prvl mool nd shkh exhibit similrity in color, touch, tste, odor etc. but structurlly these seem to be different nd esily identifible. TbleNo.2 shows tht there were no significnt difference found between the orgnoleptic chrcters of mool nd shkh bhsm, nd mool nd shkh pisti. The corrosive nture of bhsm grdully decreses fter subsequent puts. Vritrtv ws not found in ll the smples. This might be due to hygroscopic nd dsorbent properties of prvl bhsm nd pisti (clcium compounds). The orgnoleptic chrcters being subjective in nture cnnot be evluted numericlly for reproducibility in the results until nd unless subjected to sophisticted instruments. The results Greentree Group 74 obtined were constnt persistently nd yield the sme chrcters in ll the similr smples of bhsm nd pisti. Tble No.3 shows tht Loss on drying ws slightly higher in mool thn shkh smple, which is indictive of moisture contents. Tble No. 2 Orgnoleptic chrcters of Prvl mool nd Shkh bhsm nd Pishti smples Prmeters Prvl Mool Bhsm Prvl Shkh Bhsm Fine powder Prvl Mool Pisti Prvl Shkh Pisti Appernce Fine Fine Fine powder powder powder Color White White White White Tste Tstele Tstele Tstele Tstele ss ss ss ss Touch Smoot Smoot Smoot Smoot h h h h Odour Odorle Odorle Gulb Gulb ss ss odor odor Rekhpurn Positiv Positiv Positiv Positiv tv e e e e Vritrtv Negti Negti Negti Negti ve ve ve ve The ph showed lklinity in ll the smples. Higher ph ws found in ll the shkh smples s compred to mool smples. Both the mool nd shkh bhsm hd higher ph s compred to shodhit nd rw mteril. This my be due to put nd ddition of bhvn drvy in bhsm. In both the pistis, the ph remined lkline but ws less s compred to bhsm. Tble No. 3 Physico - chemicl prmeters of Ashodhit, Shodhit, Bhsm nd Pisti smples of Prvl

7 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem S. No. Smple L.O.D. AV AIA WSE ASE ph 1. PM(R) PS(R) PM(S) PS(S) PM(B) PS(B) PM(P) PS(P) L.O.D.- Loss on drying, AV Ash vlue, AIA Acid insoluble sh, WSE - Wter soluble extrctive, ASE Alcohol soluble extrctive. The results re rrnged in Tble No. 3 In qulittive group nlysis, ll the smples confirmed presence of Clcium, crbonte, phosphte nd mgnesium. In Tble No.4 I.C.P. imging revels tht ll the smples contin C, Mg nd mny other trce elements s P, Fe, Mn, N, K, Si, S, Zn, Au, Ag, B, B, Bi, Cu, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sr nd Al. It is seen tht % of C ws found higher in mool bhsm nd mool pisti s compred to shkh bhsm nd pisti. But the difference ws not significnt. Bhsm smples hve more C content due to ddition of herbl drugs. The other elements such s Mg, Fe, nd N etc. seem to be on higher side in mool s compred to shkh. The mount of silic is more in mool bhsm nd pisti s compred to shkh bhsm nd pisti due to presence of silic content in the mool. Nmburi phsed spot is helpful in the deduction of continued chemicl rection tht tkes plce grdully between two chemicl substnces on sttic medi. The test shows no mjor chnges, the reson my be tht it is qulittive test nd just indictes the presence of tht substnce. Tble No. 4 Percentge of minerls in I.C.P. Elemen t Prvl Mool Bhsm Prvl Shkh Bhsm Prvl Mool Pisti Prvl Shkh Pisti C 51.97% 45.38% 44.60% 42.26% Mg 3.77% 3.59% 3.39% 3.77% Fe P Si N K Mn CONCLUSION mg/K g The bove nlyticl study revels tht ll the smples lie within the stndrd limits s mentioned in Phrmcoepil Stndrds for Ayurvedic formultions. Greentree Group 75

8 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem 2. Insignificnt difference ws seen between Prvl mool nd shkh smples. 3. The overll results inferred tht both shkh nd mool re hving similr properties nd hence, both cn be used for medicinl purposes. As in the mrket, mool is cheper thn shkh nd hs higher % of Clcium, shkh cn be replced by mool. Mool is chep nd better efficcy drug. REFERENCES [1.] Lohr DR Legl Sttus of Ayurvedic, Siddh nd Unni medicines by Govt. of Indi, Deptt. of Ayush, Ministry of Helth nd Fmily Welfre, Phrmcoepil lbortories for Indin medicine; Pge50 Greentree Group 76

9 Int J Ayu Phrm Chem [2.] Phrmcoepil Stndrds for Ayurvedic formultions, Published by C.C.R.A.S., New Delhi Revised Edition1987; Pge 493, 494 [3.] Cullity Bernrd D, Elements of X-ry diffrction, Addison-Wesley Publishing Compny, Second Edition1978; Pge [4.] Vogel Arthur Isrel, Vogel s Text book of Quntittive Chemicl Anlysis, Longmn Scientific nd Technicl Fifth Edition 1989; Pge , [5.] Nmburi Hnumnth Ro, Mnul of Nmburi phsed spot test; Nmburi Invention nd Publiction Veugopl Ro Street, Hnumnpet, Vijywd, 1997; Pge 13 Arushi et l Int J Ayu Phrm Chem Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 drrushikushlpgyu@gmil.com Greentree Group 77