e. N/A; all have been used ritualistically since prehistoric times

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1 Chemistry 106 Quiz 2 Practice Winter 2018 The following practice quiz contains 23 questions. The actual quiz will contain 26 questions valued at 1 point/question, drawn from lectures It will still be worth 20 points, so any points earned beyond 20 are yours to keep as extra credit. Name: 1. Where were the earliest written records of the use of drugs found? a. Mesopotamia b. Egypt c. Greece d. Persia e. Newark The key here is written, though the prehistoric Shanidar, Spirit, and Duyong Caves are not listed as options. Assyria was centered in northern Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia largely corresponding to modern day Iraq) and is where the library of Assurbanipal was located 2. Which of the following types of medicines developed most recently? a. Lotions, balms, and salves b. GI stimulants c. Treatments rich in tannins d. Antibiotics e. N/A; all have been in use for about the same length of time Antibiotics - as used by humans, not microbes - have only been around since the time of Ehrlich (Salvarsan) 3. Which of the following compounds has not been used since prehistoric times for ceremonial/spiritual purposes? a. Cannabis b. Coca c. Tobacco d. Ethanol e. N/A; all have been used ritualistically since prehistoric times Talk about your Neolithic hard partiers

2 4. Who is credited with being the first individual to advocate the use of willow extracts to treat pain and inflammation? a. Aristotle b. Hippocrates c. Galen d. Felix Hoffman e. William Withering Though clearly, the use of willow had already occurred in ancient Mesopotamia (and likely elsewhere) 5. Who was also known as Asklepios? a. Ashipu b. Empedocles c. Hippocrates d. Imhotep e. Plato Imhotep was deified by Egyptians and Greeks alike, the Greeks giving him the name Asklepios. Hippocrates was a devotee, an Asklepiad. 6. Which of the following is not one of the 4 humours? a. Black bile b. Blood c. Red bile d. Phlegm e. Yellow bile 7. Who authored De Materia Medica (On Medical Matters)? a. Dioscorides b. Galen c. Hippocrates d. Theophrastus e. Paracelsus

3 8. Who authored al-tasrif li-man ajaza an al-ta lif (The Guide for Him Who Cannot Compose)? a. Hunayn Ibn Ishaq b. Abu Al Qasim Al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) c. Abu Ali Al-Hussain Ibn Abdallah Ibn Sina (Avicenna) d. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-razi (Al-Razi) e. Ibn al-haytham (Alhazen) 9. Who authored Micrographia? a. William Harvey b. Robert Hooke c. Robert Koch d. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek e. Paul Ehrlich 10. Who is credited with introducing the use of opium to sedate patients prior to surgery and advocated the testing of drugs on animals prior to use in humans? a. Hunayn Ibn Ishaq b. Abu Al Qasim Al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) c. Abu Ali Al-Hussain Ibn Abdallah Ibn Sina (Avicenna) d. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-razi (Al-Razi) e. Ibn al-haytham (Alhazen) 11. Which of the following occurred first? a. The use of foxglove to treat congestive heart failure b. The isolation of digoxin from foxglove c. The identification of the Na + /K + pump d. The discovery that digoxin inhibits the Na + /K + pump in cardiac cells e. The discovery that inhibition of the Na + /K + pump increases the concentration of Ca +2 in heart cells and thus force of heart contraction The way to answer questions like these (and the point of the question) is to look for the most natural, direct answer. You could also consider relative size foxglove is a fairly tall, easy to gather plant, while the Na + /K + pump is a small protein assembly on the surface of cells which cannot be seen without the most powerful of microscopes.

4 12. Who established the germ theory of disease? a. Louis Pasteur b. Robert Koch c. Robert Remak d. (a) & (b) e. All of the above A beautiful example of international cooperation. Robert Remak discovered cells giving rise to other cells 13. Who developed the concept that drugs had particular targets on or within cells, which would allow the creation of a magic bullet to treat disease? a. Friedrich Wöhler b. Louis Pasteur c. Robert Koch d. Paul Ehrlich e. Alexander Fleming The company you keep and the work you do is important being close friends with Robert Koch and watching dyes selectively stain cells no doubt influenced the idea of selective targeting by drugs 14. Which of the following individuals put a serious boot up the backside of vitalism? a. Hippocrates b. Galen c. Friedrich Wöhler d. William Shockley e. Rosalind Franklin Urea is the principal means mammals get rid of nitrogen containing waste. The fact that Friedrich was able to generate it from non-living matter was a direct contradiction to vitalism 15. Who discovered penicillin? a. Friedrich Wöhler b. Louis Pasteur c. Robert Koch d. Paul Ehrlich e. Alexander Fleming

5 16. Who unveiled the structure of DNA? a. James Watson b. Francis Crick c. Rosalind Franklin d. (a) & (b) e. All of the above No Rosalind Franklin, no X-Ray diffraction pattern for Watson and Crick to interpret 17. Which of the following is the correct chronological order, from earliest to latest? a. Hippocrates, Imhotep, Plato, Galen b. Galen, Hippocrates, Imhotep, Plato c. Plato, Galen, Hippocrates, Imhotep d. Imhotep, Plato, Galen, Hippocrates e. Imhotep, Hippocrates, Plato, Galen Pretty easy if you consider Imhotep was our first named figure and Galen did his work in Rome early A.D. 18. Which of the following is the correct chronological order, from earliest to latest? a. Ebers Papyrus, Hippocratic Corpus, Opera Omnia, The Book of Medicine for Mansur b. The Book of Medicine for Mansur, Ebers Papyrus, Hippocratic Corpus, Opera Omnia c. Opera Omnia, The Book of Medicine for Mansur, Ebers Papyrus, Hippocratic Corpus, d. Hippocratic Corpus, Opera Omnia, The Book of Medicine for Mansur, Ebers Papyrus e. Hippocratic Corpus, Ebers Papyrus, Opera Omnia, The Book of Medicine for Mansur Not too tough if you consider the Ebers Papyrus is old enough to have its authorship lost to time, and The Book of Medicine for Mansur is by Al-Razi during the height of Persian culture

6 19. Which of the following is the correct chronological order, from earliest to latest? a. Hooke, Galen, Avicenna, Paracelsus b. Paracelsus, Hooke, Galen, Avicenna c. Avicenna, Paracelsus, Hooke, Galen d. Galen, Avicenna, Paracelsus, Hooke e. Avicenna, Galen, Paracelsus, Hooke 20. What is the difference between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)? a. nachr is a protein, AChE is not b. AChE is a protein, nachr is not c. nachr is involved in muscle contraction, AChE is not d. AChE is involved in muscle contraction, nachr is not e. AChE catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine, nachr does not Tough question, but both are proteins doing their job, a part of which is to bind acetylcholine. The difference is nachr let s sodium into muscle cells once acetylcholine is bound while AChE breaks acetylcholine apart, ending the chemical signal. Enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur in the body like breaking things apart or putting them together and usually have an ase ending. 21. Which of the following is the correct order of increasing size? a. DNA < Cell < Protein < Organ < Tissue b. DNA < Cell < Protein < Tissue < Organ c. Protein < DNA < Cell < Tissue < Organ d. Protein < Cell < DNA < Tissue < Organ e. DNA < Protein < Cell < Tissue < Organ Recall proteins lots of them - sit on the DNA to control expression of the information contained therein. 22. Which of the following is not a major use of proteins? a. Signal transduction b. Nucleic acid binding c. Enzyme catalysis d. Motion e. N/A; all are major uses of proteins

7 23. What are proteins made from? a. DNA b. RNA c. QNA d. Carbohydrates e. Amino acids