Comparison of The Chemical Components of Essential Oil Extracted by MAHD and SPME Methods from Two Species of Salvia from Iran

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2 Comparison of The Chemical Components of Essential Oil Extracted by MAHD and SPME Methods from Two Species of Salvia from Iran N. Rastakhiz, P. Aberoomand Azar, M. Saber Tehrani, M. Moradalizadeh, K.Larijani International Journal of Life Sciences ISSN No OPEN ACCESS DOIdx.doi.org/ /ijls.v9i This article is protected by copyright, and all rights are held exclusively by International Journal of Life Sciences. IJLS

3 Research Article International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; An Independent, Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Non-Profit Journal International Journal of Life Sciences ISSN website: Comparison of The Chemical Components of Essential Oil Extracted by MAHD and SPME Methods from Two Species of Salvia from Iran N. Rastakhiz, P. Aberoomand Azar*, M. Saber Tehrani, M. Moradalizadeh, K.Larijani 1 Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Founded 2007 International Journal of LifeSciences Copyright International Journal of Life Sciences Article Information Key words: Salvia macrosiphon; Salvia rhytidea; essential oil; Iran ABSTRACT Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. and Salvia rhytidea Benth. species of the genus Salvia which are belong to the Lamiaceae family. At the Present report deals with the analysis comparison of the essential oils from aerial parts of S. macrosiphon and S. rhytidea growing wild in Iran obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), microware assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and solid phase micro extraction (SPME) procedures and the collected essential oils was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The major compounds of essential oil of S. macrosiphon extracted by hydrodistillation were: Linalool (12.6%), Caryophyllene oxide (11.9%), Octane (8.5%) and β- Eudesmol (7.1%). Also the main compounds of essential oil from S. macrosiphon extracted by microwave assisted hydrodistillation were: Caryophyllene oxide (21.8%), Linalool (18.8%) and β-eudesmol (6.1%). In this study, the gas chromatogram was obtained of injection the essential oil from aerial parts of S.macrosiphon extracted by solid phase micro extraction, was not helpful. Chemical composition of volatile compounds from dried aerial parts of Salvia rhytidea Benth. was extracted, by hydrodistillation and solid phase micro extraction methods but microwave assisted hydrodistillation method was not helpful. The major compounds of essential oil of S.rhytidea extracted by hydrodistillation were: Sabinene (12.8%), Spathulenol (12.4%), Germacren-D (6.7%), β-eudesmol (6.3%) and α Cubebene (5.4%). Also the main compounds of essential oil from S. rhytidea extracted by solid phase micro extraction were: Sabinene (38.5%), Limonene (11.6%), Myrcene (7.2%) and β-pinene (5.5%). INTRODUCTION The genus salvia belongs to the subfamily Nepetoideae of Mentheaetrib in Lamiaceae family (Pederson, 2000). This genus with over 900 species is one of the largest members and the most important genus of the family Lamiaceae and is found in both subtropical and temperate parts of the world.the two largest conters of the genus are in America and in South-West Asia (Walker, 2007). S. macrosiphon is native to Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Transcaucasia and Turkey (Gohari, 2007). Salvia genus which is generally called Maryami or Maryam-Goli in the Persian Language includes around 58 species in Iran (Hedge, 1989). S. rhytidea is spread wildly in western regions of Iran as well as in Afghanistan. It is used in local folk medical practices. It generally grows in or near disturbed habitats and is less commonly found in natural habitats. S. rhytidea has an altitudinal range from m (Rechinger, 1982). Numerous species of the genus Salvia have been used since ancient times in folk medicine and have been subjected to extensive pharmacognostic research intended to identify biologically active compounds (Lu and Foo, 2002; Sivropoulou et al., 1997). These species have been found to possess significant biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, adstringent, antitumor, spasmolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihydrotic activity and have been also used in the treatment of mental, nervous and gastrointestinal *Corresponding author address: parvizaberoomand@gmail.com Cite this article as - Rastakhiz, N.; Azar, P. A.; Tehrani, M. S.; Moradalizadeh, M.; Larijani, K. (2015) Comparison of The Chemical Components of Essential Oil Extracted by MAHD and SPME Methods from Two Species of Salvia from Iran. International Journal of Life Sciences 9(2): Doi:dx.doi.org/ /ijls.v9i Copyright reserved International Journal of Life Sciences DOI:dx.doi.org/ /ijls.v9i

4 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; conditions. Sage species are used traditionally in foods and cosmetics preparation as well (Lu and Foo, 2002; Sivropoulou et al., 1997; Lima et al., 2004; Tepe et al., 2004). These scientific studies on salvia species show the presence of many compounds. The main component of essential oil was extracted of S. macrosiphon by hydrodistillation and examined by GC and GC-MS were: Linalool (26.3%), Hexyl hexanoate (9.6%) and Hexyl isovalerate (9.3%) (Javedani, 2005). Hydrodistilled volatile oil of S. macrosiphon was analyzed by a combination of GC and GC-MS. The main constituents of the essential oil were: Linalool (21.84%) Sclareol (15.76%). Hexyl-3-methyl botanoate (9.39%) and Hexyl acetanoate (8.94%) (Sefidkon, 2005). The essential oil of S. macrosiphon was prepared by steam distillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thirty-three detected components were identified and the major constituents were: sesquiterpenes(69.5%), Gurjunene(11%). β- Cubeben (10.6%) and Germacrene -B (7%) (Matloubi, 2000). The essential oil of S. macrosiphon collected from south Isfahan extraeted by hydrodistillation and was analyzed using GC-MS method. The major components were: β-pinene(15.3%), Germacrene-D(10.1%), Spathulenol (7.7%), 1,8-Cineol (7.4%), Limonene (5.2%), α-pinene (4.7%) and α Terpineol (4.1%) (Sajadi and Emami, 2000). The major compounds of S. macrosiphon oil extracted by HD and analyzed by GC-MS were: Linalool (40.1%), Hexyl isovalerate (11.9%) and Hexyl isobut anoate (6.4%) (Roshan, 2013). The peresnt work studies the chemical composition of essential oils of S. macrosiphon and S.rhytidea which are endemic to Iran. There are several reports in the literature on the phytochemical analysis of species belonging to Salvia. These scientific studies on Salvia species show the presence of many compounds belonging mainly to the groups of phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins, polysaccharides, sterols, terpenoids and essential oils (Lu and Foo, 2002, Baser et al., 1998, Ghannadi et al.,1999). Although the chemical composition of essential oils from several Salvia species is well studied (Sivropoulou A,1997, Lima et al., 2004,Tape et al., 2004), to our best knowledge no research has been conducted on this Persian sage so far. EXPERIMENTAL PLANT MATERIAL S. rehtidea and S.macrosiphone were collected in June 2013 from Plants growing wild in High 3600 meter HEZAR mountain near Rayen city at about l00km south of Kerman.The samples were collected at the early flowering stage and were deposited in the Herbarium o and were dries at room temperature(20-25 C). The oils were prepared by hydrodistillation, microwave and solid phase micro extraction of gr of air dried plant and using n-hexane as an organic collecting solvent. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Analytical GC was carried out on a Shimadzu 15A gas chromatography equipped with a split/ splitless injector (250 ºC) and a flame ionization detector (250 ºC). DB-5 capillary column (30 m 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.32 μm) and type of carrier gas was N2 (1 ml/min). The column temperature was held at 60 ºC for 3 min and then heated to 250 ºC with a 6 ºC/min rate and held constant at 250 ºC for 5 min. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY- MASS SPECTROMETRY GC-MS analyses were accomplished by Hewlett-Packard (HP-6890/ 5973) GC-MC system coupled with an HP-5MS column (30 m 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.32 μm). The column temperature was as like as GC condition. Helium was used as carrier gas (1 ml/min) beside ionization energy in MS was 70 ev, mass range amuand scan time was 1 s. IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS The percentage composition of the essential oils was based on retention indices. Retention indices were determined using retention time for n-alkanes that were injected after the essential oil under the same chromatographic. Conditions, compounds were identified by comparison of retention indices with those reported in the Literature and by comparison of their mass Spectra (Adams, 2004) with Published mass spectra data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The constituents of the obtained essential oils of S. macrosiphon by hydrodistillation(hd) and microware assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) methods are presented in table 1,and the constituents of the obtained essential oils of S.rhytidea by HD and SPME methods are presented in table 2. The yield of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Salvia macrosiphon extracted with hydrodistillation was 1.8% (w/w), respectively as is shown in Table1. 14 compounds were identified in the essential oil,representing 61.4% of total oil obtained by HD, The main constituents were octane(8.5%), linalool(12.6%), cis caryophyllene (5.1%), caryophyllene oxide(11.9%) and β-eudesmol(7.1%). Also is shown by MAHD method 11 compounds were identified in essential oil, representing 60.5% of total oil. The major 62

5 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; compounds were linalool (18.8%), β-eudesmol (6.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (21.8%). The results also showed that the essential oil extracted with HD method 6 sesquiterpenes ( 30.6%), 5 monoterpenes (18.3%) and 3 nonterpenoide hydrocarbons (12.5%), where as the essential oil extracted with MAHD method contained 5 sesquiterpenes (35.3%), 4 monoterpenes (22.2%) and 2 nonterpenoide hydrocarbons (3.0%). In addition the essential oil was obtained by HD and MAHD sesquiterpenes and are rich. The composition together with the percentage and retention indices of the hydrodistillation and solid phase micro extraction methods are shown in Table 2. As shown, 24 compounds (86.8%) were identified in the Hydrodistillation method, with Sabinene(12.8%), spathulenol(12.4%), germacrene-d (6.7%), β Eudesmol (6.3%) And α - cubebene (5.4%) as the main constituents. Also, among the 15 identified compounds (95.6%) in the solid phase micro extraction method. The major compounds were Sabinene (37.1%), Limonene (11.1%), Myrcene(6.9%) and p-cymene(4.8%). The results also showed that the essential oil extracted with HD method 8 sesquiterpenes ( % ), 1 4 m o n o t e r p e n e s ( % ) a n d 2 nonterpenoide hydrocarbons (5%), where as the essential oil extracted with SPME method contained 2 sesquiterpenes (4.3%), 11 monoterpenes (87%) and 2 nonterpenoide hydrocarbons (5.3%). In addition the essential oils were obtained by HD and SPME monoterpenes are rich. Table2. Composition of the Volatile oils of S. rhytidea by HD and SPME methods Table1. Composition of the Volatile oils of S. macrosiphon by HD and MAHD methods 63 REFERENCES Pederson JA. (2000 )Distribution and taxonomic implications of some phenolics in the family Lamiaceae determined by ESR Spectroscopy Biochemical Systematic and Ecology 28, Walker JB. (2007) Staminal evalution in the genus Salvia(Lamiaceae). Molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the Lever. Annals of Botany100, Gohari AR. (2011) Flavones and Flavon Glycosides from Salvia Macrosiphon Boiss, Iranian journal of Pharmaceutical Research 10(2), Hedge IC. (1989) Labiateae, in Rechinger Kh. Flora Iranica. Akademische Druck Velagsanta H. Austria 150, Javedani K, Miri R and Jamalia A. (2005) Composition oil of Salvia macrosiphone Boiss from Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 20, Sefidkon F. (2005) Essential oil composition of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. from Iran. Journal of essential oil Bearing plants 8, Matloubi F, Moghaddam G. Amin and Safavi-Poorsohi E. (2000) from Salvia Macrosiphon Boiss.Daru 8, Sajadi SE, Emami SH. (2000) composition of the essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. Pharmacetical Sciences, (3) Roshan V. (2013) comparison of chemical constituents 4(6),

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