Animal Reproduction. Review for test #3. # lectures for cumulative test # 03 book

Transcription

1 Animal Reproduction JP Advis DVM, Ph.D. Bartlett Hall, Animal Sciences, Cook, (732) , 27 Course website: rci.rutgers.edu/~advis Material to be covered: About lecture slides: Meetings 01-02: Introduction to Animal Reproduction (2) Meetings 03-04: Reproductive Structures and their Functions (2) Meetings 05-07: The HPG axis and its Liposoluble and Watersoluble Hormones (3) Meetings 08-09: The Neuroendocrine Control of Male and Female Puberty Onset (2) Meetings 10-11: REVIEW AND TEST #1 Meetings 12-17: Female and Male Reproduction and Techniques for their Control (6) Meetings 18-19: REVIEW AND TEST #2 Meetings 20-21: Reproductive Behavior and the Spermatozoa in the Female Tract (2) Meetings 22-23: Embryogenesis, Placentation, Parturition and Lactation (3) Meetings 24-25: Puerperium, Lactation and Reproductive Ageing (2) Meeting 26 Reproductive Pathology and Case Studies (1) Meetings 27-28: REVIEW AND TEST #3 There are not intended to be the sole source for studying the course material!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Slides are good to review the course material after you have study your course textbook Slides are a good indicator of the relative importance of lecture topics (see slide # per topic) Group slides by titles when using them to review course material. Match lectures and text. # lectures for cumulative test # 03 book 20 Reproductive behavior Spermatozoa in female tract: transport, capacitation, fertilization Early embriogenesis and maternal recognition of pregnancy Placentation, the endocrinology of gestation and parturition The puerperium and lactation Reproductive aging and the role of biological clocks in senescence Reproductive pathology: case studies as a tool to study reproductive failure 27 REVIEW material from lecture # 20 through lecture # EXAM # 01 - material from lecture # 01 through lecture # Page 1

2 See review # 1 As indicated in lectures and in the course outline students can review their tests during office hours, starting a week after the test was taken. Remember that all tests are cumulative and that questions are seldom repeated See review # 2 As indicated in lectures and in the course outline students can review their tests during office hours, starting a week after the test was taken. Remember that all tests are cumulative and that questions are seldom repeated Page 2

3 Neuro-endocrine inputs to the GnRH neurons can influence reproductive behaviors The flehmen response: olfactory cues provided by pheromones stimulate the vomeronasal organ Page 3

4 Steps in penile erection as they relate to cavernous blood pressure and contraction of the bulbospongious and ischiocavernosus muscles Major steps in ejaculation Page 4

5 Novel females and a change of location has a positive effect on mounting behavior Steps in sexual preparation resulting in transport of spermatozoa from tail of epididymis into pelvic urethra Page 5

6 Events following deposition of spermatozoa in female tract Conceptual version of the main steps in mammalian capacitation Page 6

7 Hyperactive motility 2 Binding to zona pelucida 3 Acrosomal reaction 4 Penetration of zona pelucida 5 Sperm oocyte membrane fusion 6 Sperm engulfed 7 Decondensation of sperm nucleus 8 Formation of male pronucleus Post - capacitation sequence of events leading to fertilization Overview of early embryogenesis and anatomical sections of the reproductive tube where it occurs Page 7

8 Pre-attachment development of the embryo Development of extra-embryonic membranes Page 8

9 IFN-t from conceptus prevents luteolysis (cow, ewe) E2 reroutes PGF2a to prevents luteolysis (sow) Page 9

10 direct follicular aspiration transvaginal aspiration in mare aspirated oocyte Oocytes placed in culture vessel with capacitated spermatozoa Embryos cultured to the appropiate stage for transfer Embryos transferred to recipient female Oocyte collection from ovarian follicles for in vitro fertilization epitheliochorial hemochorial endotheliochorial Placental classification based on separation between fetal and maternal blood supplies Page 10

11 Luteal P4 output during the first half of gestation in the mare Estrogen and P4 profiles during gestation Page 11

12 Cascade of events prompted by fetal cortisol Pressure on the cervix causes oxytocin release and subsequent myometrial contractions Page 12

13 Major events from parturition to subsequent conception Changes in the mammary gland as a function of reproductive stage Page 13

14 The anatomy and physiology of milk ejection A biological clock located in the SCN is involved in eliciting a preovulatory surge of LH. This clock mechanism starts failing in middle age animals, before a failure in ovulation occurs. Page 14

15 SCN is responsible for the precise timing of the LH surge: SCN lesions eliminates the ovarian cycle (behavior & LH surge). The LH surge maintains its exact relationship to the locomotor activity in a constant light environment, suggesting they are controlled by the same circadian mechanism. Lengthening / shortening of activity cycle by pharmacological treatment or light entrainment alters the estrous behavior and the LH surge. Pentobarbital in proestrous AM temporarily blocks the LH surge, which occurs at precisely the normal time the next day. Light sensors in retina project to the SCN and from there, through the superior cervical ganglion to the pineal gland. The latter secretes melatonin in response to darkness, which entrains the SCN, the main biological clock in brain. Young LHRH=GnRH Middle- Aged A biological clock located in the SCN is involved in eliciting a preovulatory surge of LH. This clock mechanism starts failing in middle age animals, before a failure in ovulation occurs. Page 15

16 How could nutrition, stress, social cues and clocks affect the LH surge??? Q Possible influence of metabolic signals on GnRH neurons from glucose sensing neurons inputing GnRH neurons. Comments on your weekly questions Page 16

17 Comments on your weekly questions Comments on your weekly questions Page 17

18 Animal Reproduction, test #03, JP Advis, 2012 Name Student ID Web ID (*) Seat Note: all the above info also goes in the scantron, with the web ID and seat in the upper right corner FOR ALL QUESTIONS SELECT THE BEST ANSWER FOR THE OPTIONS GIVEN (*) Your WEB ID is a 5-digit number YOU choose Since there are two versions for each test, you must return both the questions and your scantron sheets Page 18