Principles of Human Anatomy Eleventh Edition
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1 Priciples of Huma Aatomy Eleveth Editio Gerard J. Tortora & Mark T. Nielse CHAPTER 26 The Reproductive System Copyright 2007 by Joh Wiley & Sos, Ic. Goads Reproductive System Compoets Testes & Ovaries Gametes Sex Cells - Sperm & Ova Ducts Trasport ad store gametes Accessory sex glads Produce material that support ad protect gametes Supportig structures Facilitate delivery ad joiig of gametes 27_table_02 Male Reproductive System Scrotum Sac that ecloses & supports the testes Raphe Scrotal septum Dartos muscle Spermatic cord Cremaster muscle Vas deferes Artery & vei Temperature Regulatio Sperm productio Temperature sesitive 3 degrees below ormal body temperature Dartos & cremaster muscles Cold exteral temperatures Sexual arousal Lobules /testicle Cotai semiiferous tubules Sertoli cells (urse cells) Protect & ourish developig sperm cells Leydig cells (iterstitial edocriocytes) Secrete testosteroe Testes 1
2 Spermatogeesis 27_05 Process of spermatogoia developig ito mature sperm Meiosis Chomosome # halves to 23 (1N) Spermeogeesis Spermatid develops a head ad tail Acrosome cotais ezymes ~ 300 millio produced/day Survive ~ 48 hours or up to 5 days iside female 27_06 Ducts Semiiferous tubules Straight tubules Rete testis Efferet ducts Epididymis ~ 20 feet log Where sperm mature ~ 12 days Stored for up to a moth Ductus deferes Vas deferes Ducts 27_01a Vas deferes Stores sperm May remai for several moths Vasectomy Ejaculatory ducts Urethra Prostatic urethra Membraous urethra Spogy (peile) urethra 2
3 Accessory Sex Glads Semial Vesicles ~ 2 iches log Secrete alkalie fluid % of seme Fructose Prostagladis Combie with ampulla of vas deferes to form the ejaculatory ducts Accessory Sex Glads Prostate glad Secretes milky fluid 20-30% of seme Prostate cacer Similar prevalece as breast cacer i wome PSA test Digital exam 90% recover if caught early BPH beig prostatic hyperplasia - Flomax 27_cliic_01 Accessory Sex Glads Cowper s glad Bulbourethral glad Pea-sized glad Secretes clear alkalie substace Precum Neutralizes acids from urie i urethra Seme Mixture of sperm & semial fluid Secretios from: Semiiferous tubules sperm ~ 1% Semial vesicles ~ 70% Prostate ~ 30% Bulbourethral glads ml = tsp ~ millio sperm/ml (~ 300 mil/ejac) < 20 millio sperm/ml sterile 2-5 days i female tract Passage for delivery Ejaculatio of seme Excretio of urie 3 masses of erectile tissue Siuses fill w/ blood durig arousal 2 corpora caverosa 1 corpus spogiosum Cotais urethra Expaded area forms the glas peis Peis 3
4 Female Reproductive System Ovaries Ovaries Uterie tubes = Oviducts = Fallopia tubes Uterus Vagia Vulva = Pudedum Mammary glads (secodary sex characteristic) Produce eggs (oogeesis) Begis before birth meiosis starts durig fetal developmet ~ 200,000 2 millio oogoia & 1 oocytes per ovary Oly 40,000 remai at puberty Ovulate ~ 400/lifetime Produce estroge & progesteroe Ovary Uterie tubes Fallopia tubes or oviducts Trasport secodary oocytes & fertilized ova to uterus ~ 4 iches log Isthmus Ampulla Ifudibulum Fimbriae Ciliated columar epithelium Ier circular muscle Outer logitudial muscle Serosa Uterus & Oviducts 27_17 4
5 2/11/2013 Uterus Uterus & Oviducts Site of mestruatio Site of implatatio Site of fetal developmet Cervix 3 layers Epimetrium Myometrium Edometrium Visceral peritoeum Stratum basalis Stratum fuctioalis 27_18 Vagia 27_11a Outlet for mestrual flow Receives the peis durig itercourse Passage for childbirth Exteds from itroitus to cervix Rugae Exteds ad elogates durig itercourse Nokeratiized stratified squamous epithelium 27_11b 5
6 27_20 Vulva = Pudedum Mos pubis Labia majora Labia miora Clitoris Sexual pleasure Vestibule Hyme Vagial orifice = itroitus Exteral urethral oriface 27_21 Mammary Glads Secodary sex characteristic Suspesory ligamet Cooper s ligamet Lobules Cotai alveoli Mammary ducts Lactiferous ducts Areola Nipple 27_23 27_cliic_02 6
7 27_table_03 Learig Objectives Discuss the differet compoets of the reproductive system ad give the homologous structures betwee the male ad female. List the parts of the male reproductive system ad give the fuctios of each (iclude the accessory sex orgas). Learig Objectives Learig Objectives Defie spermatogeesis ad discuss sperm maturatio i terms of locatio ad aatomy. Which structures produce sperm? Which structure is resposible for sperm maturatio? What are the roles for the sertoli ad Leydig cells? Describe the pathway (series of ducts) that sperm have to travel to leave the body. Discuss the effect of temperature o spermatogeesis ad give the roles for the cremaster ad the dartos muscles. Discuss the prostate glad s fuctio ad discuss how we scree for prostate cacer. Which structures produce semial fluid ad what proportios are they foud i the ejaculate? Learig Objectives Name ad describe the locatios of the erectile tissue of the peis. Describe the followig female structures: vulva, itroitus, clitoris, vagia, Fallopia/uterie/ tubes/oviducts, uterus, ovary. I which of these structures would you fid the ifudibulum? What is the differece betwee the ifudibulum ad the ampulla? Learig Objectives To which structure are the fimbria attached? Which of these structures has sexual pleasure as its oly fuctio? Which structure is the site of fertilizatio? Name the layers of the edometrium. Which edometrial layer is sloughed off durig mestruatio? 7
8 Learig Objectives How is the ovum moved toward the uterus? What structures make up the vulva/pudedum. Name the structures associated with the breast. 8
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