11/5/2018. Bridging the Gap Between Research & Policy. Kelly D. Brownell. Food Safety and Defense. Obesity and Chronic Disease

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1 Bridging the Gap Between Research & Policy Kelly D. Brownell Food Insecurity Obesity and Chronic Disease Agriculture and Environment Food Safety and Defense 1

2 How Good Are We, Really, At Creating? Creating Impact From Knowledge Knowledge Produced To Serve Society Society Being Served Knowledge Produced To Serve Society?? Society Being Served 2

3 The Frustration Research = small audiences Research misses key audiences Poor links of scholarship & policy How We Construe Impact Citation Indices h-index i10-index Journal Impact Factor 3

4 Slow Movement in a Fast World Slow Poorly communicated Unresponsive Programmatic only Conflicted Indecipherable jargon Linking Scholarship To Public Policy How We Addressed A Fundamental Challenge Hopeful (Wishful) Thinking Scientists Research Poor Social Policy 4

5 Making Our Work Matter Social Research??? Policy Legislators Regulators Courts Social Research Press Public NGOs Policy Industry Can We Create a Virtuous Cycle of Solutions? 5

6 Identify Agents Develop Strategic Questions Research Communications Science Agents Science Agents Brownell & Roberto Lancet,

7 Case 1 Industry and Menu Labeling 7

8 Public Health Nutrition, 2010 Legislation Regulation Legal Action Social Research Press Public Opinion NGOs Policy Industry Case 2 Children s Food Marketing 8

9 The Best Dozen TV Advertising Other Youth Websites Bunnies EnviroKids Organic Puffins Cheerios Kix Life Hannah Montana Clifford Crunch Mighty Bites Honey Sunshine Organic Wild Puffs Mini Wheats None The Worst Dozen TV Advertising Advergaming Advergaming Other Youth Websites Reese s Puffs Corn Pops Lucky Charms Golden Grahams Cinnamon Toast Crunch Cap n Crunch Count Chocula Trix Froot Loops Smorz Fruity/Cocoa Pebbles Cocoa Puffs x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 9

likely to eat breakfast. Celeste Clark, Ph.D., Kellogg Company Susan J.

10 Predicted Defense Food does not become nutrition until it is eaten. Children like the taste of ready-to-eat cereals and are therefore more likely to eat breakfast. Celeste Clark, Ph.D., Kellogg Company Susan J. Crockett, Ph.D., R.D., General Mills -- J Amer Dietetic Assn, 2008 Pediatrics,

11 Legislation Regulation Legal Action Social Research Press Public Opinion NGOs Policy Industry Case 3 High Consumption of SSBs 11

12 Brownell et al. New Engl J Med, 2009 Am J Public Health, 2010 Preventive Medicine,

13 Revenues for Pennsylvania Soda Taxes Passed in US Berkeley Oakland San Francisco Albany, CA Boulder Seattle Philadelphia Boulder Navajo Nation Chicago/Cook County 13

Arabia South Africa Spain (Catalonia) St.

14 Taxes Passed Outside US Barbados Belgium Brunei Chile Dominica Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Hungary India Kiribati Mauritius Mexico Norway Palau Philippines Portugal Samoa Saudi Arabia South Africa Spain (Catalonia) St. Helena Thailand Tonga Vanatau Legislation Regulation Legal Action Social Research Press Public Opinion NGOs Policy Industry Case 4 Misleading Labeling 14

15 Richard Blumenthal Senator from Connecticut Former CT Attorney General 15

16 Key Dates Critical NY Times article Conn. Atty General Investigation FDA Call Smart Choices Closed Down Sept 4, 2009 Oct 14, 2009 Oct 20, 2009 Oct 23, 2009 Legislation Regulation Legal Action Social Research Press Public Opinion NGOs Policy Industry Should Researchers Be Doing This? 16

17 A Stunning Public Health Victory Multiple Effects of Malnutrition Overall weight loss muscle mass depletion weakness & apathy depression inability to work Symptoms malabsorption indigestion skin lesions anemia neurologic issues immune compromise Body Systems gastrointestinal blood cells skin nervous system immune function Health Impacts pellagra rickets beiberi scurvy death One Micronutrient Deficiency l Vitamin A deficiency - weakens immune systems of children, increasing vulnerability to disease. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of dying from diarrhea, measles and malaria by 20-24%. Highly elevated risk for blindness. 17

18 Alfred Sommer School of Public Health Johns Hopkins 1970s - documented that vitamin A deficiency linked to: measles diarrhea blindness Conducted small trials of supplementation Sommer Then Connected Science with Policy Annual cost - $0.50 /child/yr (age 6 mo 5 yr) Every dollar invested returns $ % drop in deaths from illnesses like measles & diarrhea Prevented 400,000 cases of blindness/yr Saved as many as 1,000,000 deaths/yr 18

19 JAMA, 2011 New Engl J Med,

20 Identify Agents Develop Strategic Questions Research Communications Some Current Strategic Issues Preempting preemption Industry running candidates for office Food policy as political platforms 20

Big Food vs. Little Kids: children and what parents can do. Marlene B. Schwartz, Ph.D. Deputy Director. New Jersey, December 2012.

Big Food vs. Little Kids: children and what parents can do. Marlene B. Schwartz, Ph.D. Deputy Director. New Jersey, December 2012. Big Food vs. Little Kids: The real story behind food marketing to children and what parents can do Marlene B. Schwartz, Ph.D. Deputy Director Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity New Jersey, December