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1 Biology 30S Digestion and Nutrition The Digestion Assignment Okay, you now have a lot of information about the complexities of the Human Digestive System. It is time to put your knowledge to some use. Your Task: 1. Review the material that you have covered so far 2. Answer the assignment questions 3. WARNING: Many of these questions will make you think AND tie a few ideas together so if you run into difficulty ASK FOR HELP! So, should you run into difficulty and require help, please ask in class or you can at AskMrLloyd@shaw.ca This Assignment is due

2 Biology 30S Assignment Evaluation Use the bubble sheet below to answer the questions in the multiple choice section of this assignment. Make sure that you shade the appropriate letter completely. IF YOU MAKE A MISTAKE completely erase the mistake and the clearly shade in your new selection. If you cannot completely erase your mistake, cross the error out using an X and the clearly shade in your new selection Multiple Choice Written Answers Whole Meal Deal TOTAL

3 Section One: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to the following questions. Shade in the appropriate letter on the bubble sheet provided. There is no penalty for guessing. Each correct answer is worth one mark. 1. The building blocks of Carbohydrates are called: (a) monoglycerides (b) monopeptides (c) monosaccharides (d) monnucleotides (e) none of these 2. Consider the following statements: (i) Chemical digestion of Carbohydrates begins in the mouth (ii) Chemical digestion of Carbohydrates occurs in the stomach (iii) Chemical digestion of Carbohydrates occurs in the duodenum (iv) Chemical digestion of Carbohydrates occurs in the caecum (a) one of statements are true 3. The building blocks of Proteins are called: (a) monoglycerides (b) monopeptides (c) monosaccharides (d) mononucleotides (e) none of these 4. Consider the following statements: (i) Chemical digestion of Protein begins in the mouth (ii) Chemical digestion of Protein occurs in the stomach (iii) Chemical digestion of Protein occurs in the duodenum (iv) Chemical digestion of Protein occurs in the caecum (a) one of the statements are true

4 5. The building blocks of Fats are called: (a) monoglycerides (b) monopeptides (c) monosaccharides (d) mononucleotides (e) none of these 6. Consider the following statements: (i) Chemical digestion of fat begins in the mouth (ii) Chemical digestion of fat occurs in the stomach (iii) Chemical digestion of fat occurs in the duodenum (iv) Chemical digestion of fat occurs in the caecum (a) one of the statements are true 7. Consider the following statements: (i) Salivary Amylase is a component of gastric juice that chemically breaks down carbohydrates in the stomach (ii) Pepsin is a component of gastric juice that chemically breaks down proteins in the stomach (iii) Hydrochloric Acid is a component of gastric juice that chemically breaks down fat in the stomach (iv) Rennin is a component of gastric juice that separates milk (an dairy) into carbohydrates and protein in the stomach (a) one of the statements are true 8. Which of the following is responsible for the release of Pepsinogen into the stomach: (a) Epithelial Cells (b) Parietal Cells (c) Chief Cells (d) Papillae (e) none of these

5 9. Consider the following statements: (i) If parietal cells in the stomach did not function properly, the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach could be reduced. (ii) If parietal cells in the stomach did not function properly, the stomach would become more prone to bacterial infections (iii) If parietal cells in the stomach did not function properly, the chemical digestion of fat in the stomach could be reduced. (iv) If parietal cells in the stomach did not function properly, the stomach s ability to separate milk could be reduced (a) one of the statements are true 10. Consider the following statements: (i) Bicarbonate Ions are a component of Pancreatic Juice responsible for the mechanical digestion of fat in the duodenum (ii) Bile is a component of Pancreatic Juice responsible for the mechanical digestion of fat in the duodenum (iii) Pancreatic Lipase is a component of Pancreatic Juice responsible for the chemical digestion of fat in the duodenum (iv) Trypsin is a component of Pancreatic Juice responsible for the chemical digestion of protein in the duodenum (a) one of the statements are true 11. is used to emulsify fat globules in the duodenum which allows the fat to be more easily digested by lipases (a) amylase (b) bile (c) bicarbonate ions (d) saliva (e) erepsin 12. Bile is normally stored in the: (a) liver (b) pancreas (c) gall bladder (d) duodenum (e) stomach

6 13. Consider the following statements: (i) Erepsin is a component of Intestinal Juice responsible for the chemical digestion of protein in the duodenum (ii) Intestinal Lipase is a component of Intestinal Juice responsible for the chemical digestion of fat in the duodenum (iii) Intestinal Amylase is a component of Intestinal Juice responsible for the chemical digestion of disaccharides in the duodenum (iv) Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a component of Intestinal Juice responsible for the mechanical digestion of fat in the duodenum 14. Consider the following statements: (i) Vitamins are organic molecules that are required to help regulate the functioning of cells (ii) Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins (iii) Vitamins B and C are water soluble vitamins (iv) Minerals are inorganic substances that the body needs in order to function properly 15. Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 16. Osteoporosis is caused by a deficiency of vitamin: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 17. Anemia is associated with a deficiency in the mineral: (a) iodine (b) sodium (c) calcium (d) iron (e) potassium 18. Goitre (enlarged thyroid gland in the neck) is caused by a deficiency in the mineral: (a) iodine (b) sodium (c) calcium (d) iron (e) potassium 19. The vitamin contributes to good vision and healthy skin is vitamin: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 20. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin: (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 21. Consider the following statements: (i) The cardiac sphincter controls the flow of material through the gastroesophageal opening into the stomach

7 (ii) The cardiac sphincter prevents the back flow of material from the stomach into the esophagus (iii) The pyloric sphincter controls the flow of material through the pylorus into the duodenum (iv) the pyloric sphincter prevents the back flow of material from the duodenum into the stomach 22. Consider the following statements: (i) The major digestive functions of the pancreas are to produce fluids that can lower the ph of the contents of the duodenum and chemically digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats (ii) The major digestive functions of the gall bladder is to store and release bile which aids in the digestion of fats (iii) The major digestive functions of the small intestines is to chemically digest and then absorb proteins, carbohydrates and fats. (iv) The major digestive functions of the large intestines is to absorb water and collect and remove fecal matter (undigested and indigestible remains of the digestion process) 23. Consider the following statements: (i) Damage to the pancreas could reduce the body s ability to digest proteins (ii) Damage to the pancreas could reduce the body s ability to digest fat (iii) Damage to the pancreas could reduce the body s ability to digest carbohydrates (iv) Damage to the pancreas could reduce the body s ability to retain water

8 24. Consider the following statements: (i) Damage to the gall bladder could reduce the body s ability to digest proteins (ii) Damage to the gall bladder could reduce the body s ability to digest fat (iii) Damage to the gall bladder could reduce the body s ability to digest carbohydrates (iv) Damage to the gall bladder could reduce the body s ability to retain water 25. Consider the following statements: (i) Damage to the large intestines could reduce the body s ability to digest proteins (ii) Damage to the large intestines could reduce the body s ability to digest fat (iii) Damage to the large intestines could reduce the body s ability to digest carbohydrates (iv) Damage to the large intestines could reduce the body s ability to retain water

9 Section Two: Written Answers Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. Read each question carefully make sure that you include any important details and structures involved in answering the question. NO FLUFF! 26. Describe the process of Swallowing 27. Describe the events of a Bowel Movement

10 28. Describe the pathway of a mouth of food from the mouth to the anus (include all openings, structures and sphincters involved in this process)

11 Section Three: The Whole Meal Deal Here are some larger process questions that deal with the digestion of nutrients in a meal. will walk you through the first question (Question #29) and then you will answer Question # Consider the following meal: Meal: Chicken Caesar Wrap, Chocolate milk Explain How this meal is digested. Ensure that you describe where each nutrient (organic molecules) comes from in this meal. Also, ensure that you describe all structures and fluids involved in digesting these nutrients. (NOTE: a respectable chicken Caesar wrap contains chicken, romaine lettuce, bacon, Caesar salad dressing, garlic and parmesan cheese)

12 30. Another Holiday Season has come and gone. For many people this also means some kind of Holiday meal has come and gone as well. Consider the following meal: Roasted Turkey Stuffing Gravy Steamed Vegetables Milk Ice Cream Explain How this meal is digested. Ensure that you describe where each nutrient (organic molecules) comes from in this meal. Also, ensure that you describe all structures and fluids involved in digesting these nutrients.