RESULTS FROM FUNGICIDE TRIALS IN THE HUDSON VALLEY

Transcription

1 RESULTS FROM FUNGICIDE TRIALS IN THE HUDSON VALLEY Data from 2011 field trials Dave Rosenberger, Plant Pathologist Cornell Universit's Hudson Valle Laborator PO Bo 727, Highland, NY Tel: Fa: Cell phone: Technical Assistants Frit Meer Anne Rugh Lindsa Sudol Orchard & Facilit Maintenance Administrative Assistant Cornell Student Intern Albert Woelfersheim Donna Clark Leo Rosario Jeff DiMetro Final Report on Field Trials November 1, 2011 NOT FOR PUBLICATION

2 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 2 Apple scab infection periods at the Hudson Valle Lab as recorded b the NEWA station and posted on-line at Event Start date & time End date & time McIntosh groth stage Wet hr Avg temp (F) Rain (in) Split etting 1 4/4/11 3:01 4/5/11 16:00 Earl green-tip Yes 2 4/12/11 16:01 4/14/11 8:00 Green-tip Yes 3 4/16/11 16:01 4/20/11 21:00 Quarter-in green Yes 4 4/23/11 2:01 4/25/11 14:00 Earl tight cluster Yes 5 4/27/11 2:01 4/27/11 8:00 Tight cluster /28/11 8:01 4/28/11 15:00 Pink /3/11 23:01 5/4/11 17:00 King bloom Frida, Ma 6 th : Found first scab lesions in the M.9 Jersemac controls. 8 5/15/11 5:01 5/20/11 8:00 Petal fall Yes 9 5/22/11 4:01 5/24/11 9: Yes 10 6/9/11 1:01 6/9/11 22: Yes 11 6/11/11 7:01 6/13/11 4: Yes 12 6/17/11 2:01 6/17/11 19: Yes 13 6/22/11 8:01 6/25/11 10: Yes 14 6/28/11 23:01 6/29/11 8: /3/11 5:01 7/4/11 9: /8/11 12:01 7/9/11 8: /24/11 4:01 7/26/11 9: Yes 18 8/3/11 15:01 8/4/11 8: /6/11 16:01 8/11/11 8: Yes 20 8/13/11 22:01 8/16/11 11: Yes 21 8/18/11 8:01 8/19/11 19: Yes 22 8/21/11 12:01 8/21/11 21: Yes 23 8/25/11 9:01 8/26/11 9: Yes 24 8/27/11 13:01 8/28/11 15: Yes 25 9/5/11 2:01 9/6/11 11: Yes

3 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 3 Weather data Spra dates for various plots- M.9 Pond N40 Avg. temp. Ma. temp, Min. temp. LW hr Total rain Hours RH>90% Avg. ind Solar radiation Date ```````````````````````" Fri 4/1/ Sat 4/2/ Sun 4/3/ Mon 4/4/ Tues 4/5/ Wed 4/6/ Thur 4/7/ Fri 4/8/ Sat 4/9/ GT Sun 4/10/ Mon 4/11/ Tues 4/12/ Wed 4/13/ Groth stage Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra Thur 4/14/ QIG X X Fri 4/15/ X Sat 4/16/ Sun 4/17/ Mon 4/18/ HIG Tues 4/19/ Wed 4/20/ Thur 4/21/ Fri 4/22/ Sat 4/23/ Sun 4/24/ Mon 4/25/ Tues 4/26/ Wed 4/27/ Pink Thur 4/28/ A fe earl floers open Spra date Das since last spra Das since last spra Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra 3/4th ingreen X X X Fri 4/29/ full pink on pond macs X Sat 4/30/ Sun 5/1/ X 1.73 Mon 5/2/ X

4 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 4 Weather data Spra dates for various plots- M.9 Pond N40 ```````````````````````" Date Avg. temp. Ma. temp, Min. temp. LW hr Total rain Hours RH>90% Avg. ind Solar radiation Tues 5/3/ Wed 5/4/ Thur 5/5/ Groth stage Fri 5/6/ X Sat 5/7/ Sun 5/8/ Spra date Intervening rain Mon 5/9/ full bloom on Macs and JM Tues 5/10/ Wed 5/11/ Thur 5/12/ X 0.90 Fri 5/13/ X Sat 5/14/ Sun 5/15/ Mon 5/16/ Tues 5/17/ Wed 5/18/ Thur 5/19/ Petal Fall N40 X Fri 5/20/ X Sat 5/21/ X Sun 5/22/ Mon 5/23/ Tues 5/24/ Wed 5/25/ Thur 5/26/ X Fri 5/27/ X Sat 5/28/ Sun 5/29/ Mon 5/30/ Tues 5/31/ X Wed 6/1/ Thur 6/2/ Fri 6/3/ Das since last spra Spra date Das since last spra Das since last spra Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra

5 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 5 Weather data Spra dates for various plots- M.9 Pond N40 ```````````````````````" Date Avg. temp. Ma. temp, Min. temp. LW hr Total rain Hours RH>90% Avg. ind Solar radiation Sat 6/4/ Sun 6/5/ Mon 6/6/ Tues 6/7/ Wed 6/8/ Thur 6/9/ Fri 6/10/ Sat 6/11/ Sun 6/12/ Mon 6/13/ Tues 6/14/ Groth stage Wed 6/15/ X X Thur 6/16/ X Fri 6/17/ Sat 6/18/ Sun 6/19/ Mon 6/20/ Tues 6/21/ Wed 6/22/ Thur 6/23/ Fri 6/24/ Sat 6/25/ Sun 6/26/ Mon 6/27/ X X X Tues 6/28/ Wed 6/29/ Thur 6/30/ Fri 7/1/ Sat 7/2/ Sun 7/3/ Mon 7/4/ Tues 7/5/ Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra Spra date Das since last spra Das since last spra Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra

6 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 6 Weather data Spra dates for various plots- M.9 Pond N40 ```````````````````````" Date Avg. temp. Ma. temp, Min. temp. LW hr Total rain Hours RH>90% Avg. ind Solar radiation Wed 7/6/ Thur 7/7/ Fri 7/8/ Sat 7/9/ Sun 7/10/ Mon 7/11/ X X X Tues 7/12/ Wed 7/13/ Thur 7/14/ Fri 7/15/ Sat 7/16/ Sun 7/17/ Groth stage Spra date Mon 7/18/ Jersemac harvest Tues 7/19/ Wed 7/20/ Thur 7/21/ Fri 7/22/ Sat 7/23/ Sun 7/24/ Mon 7/25/ Tues 7/26/ Wed 7/27/ X Thur 7/28/ X X Fri 7/29/ Sat 7/30/ Sun 7/31/ Mon 8/1/ Tues 8/2/ Wed 8/3/ Thur 8/4/ Fri 8/5/ Sat 8/6/ Intervening rain Das since last spra Spra date Das since last spra Das since last spra Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra

7 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 7 Weather data Spra dates for various plots- M.9 Pond N40 ```````````````````````" Date Avg. temp. Ma. temp, Min. temp. LW hr Total rain Hours RH>90% Avg. ind Solar radiation Sun 8/7/ Mon 8/8/ Groth stage Tues 8/9/ Ginger Gold harvest Wed 8/10/ Thur 8/11/ Spra date Fri 8/12/ X Sat 8/13/ Sun 8/14/ Mon 8/15/ Tues 8/16/ Wed 8/17/ X X Thur 8/18/ X Fri 8/19/ Sat 8/20/ Sun 8/21/ Mon 8/22/ Tues 8/23/ Wed 8/24/ Thur 8/25/ Fri 8/26/ Sat 8/27/ Sun 8/28/ Mon 8/29/ Tues 8/30/ Intervening rain Das since last spra Spra date Das since last spra Das since last spra Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra -- N40 on-tree SBFS evals & HoneC hvst Wed 8/31/ X Thur 9/1/ Fri 9/2/ Sat 9/3/ Sun 9/4/ N40 on-tree fruit eval, trts 1-8 Mon 9/5/ Tues 9/6/ Mac harvest (0.75 in rain AM prior to hvst) Wed 9/7/

8 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 8 Weather data Spra dates for various plots- M.9 Pond N40 ```````````````````````" Date Avg. temp. Ma. temp, Min. temp. LW hr Total rain Hours RH>90% Avg. ind Solar radiation Groth stage Spra date Intervening rain Thur 9/8/ Redcort harvest Fri 9/9/ Sat 9/10/ X X Sun 9/11/ Mon 9/12/ Tues 9/13/ Roal Court harvest Wed 9/14/ X Thur 9/15/ Fri 9/16/ Sat 9/17/ Sun 9/18/ Mon 9/19/ Tues 9/20/ Golden Del. harvest Wed 9/21/ Thur 9/22/ Fri 9/23/ Sat 9/24/ Sun 9/25/ Mon 9/26/ Tues 9/27/ Wed 9/28/ Thur 9/29/ Fri 9/30/ Cameo harvest Sat 10/1/ Sun 10/2/ Mon 10/3/ Tues 10/4/ Wed 10/5/ Golden Del.harvest Weather data is from the HVL NEWA eather station and is available on-line at Das since last spra Spra date Das since last spra Das since last spra Spra date Intervening rain Das since last spra

9 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 9 Background on Field Testing Methods Used for Fungicide Evaluations at the Hudson Valle Lab Eperimental design: Randomied complete block ith four replicate plots for each treatment. Treatments are blocked somehat differentl ever ear and plots are re-randomied ever ear ecept for special multi-ear trials. Hoever, the objective is alas to maimie the homogeneit of plots ithin each rep. Blocking ma be done on the basis of land slope, differences in anticipated inoculum densit, tree qualit, or anticipated effects of treatments from the previous ear. Blocks do not alas consist of contiguous plots. Plots contain one tree of each of three cultivars, or (in the Pond block) one tree grafted ith to cultivars plus an adjacent Golden Delicious tree. Methods: Treatments are applied to drip ith a handgun, using the folloing assumptions: Per-acre rates on product labels are designed to provide protection for mature orchards that ould require (at least) 300 gal of dilute spra if the ere spraed to drip. Therefore per-acre rates provided in compan protocols are divided b 3 to arrive at a rate/100 gal of dilute spra. Using a handgun to spra trees to drip ensures 100% coverage of fruit and foliage, but the actual amount of product used ma eceed the nominal rate/a if trees are over-spraed in our efforts to ensure 100% coverage. Hoever, "over-spraing" ill have not have an effect on disease control because the ecess product runs off onto the ground as soon as individual leaves have been etted to drip. The onl eceptions occur for products that are active via root uptake or products/mitures that contain ecess surfactant (see the net bullet). Otherise, regardless of ho man gallons of spra (i.e., ho much product) are applied to the tree, the effective rate is still equal to the rate/a and the actual amount of spra solution that is applied per tree becomes irrelevant. Ecess surfactants can pose problems because, ith reduced ater tension, a leaf spraed ith small uniform droplets that do not coalesce ma actuall retain more liquid (and therefore more active ingredient) than a leaf that is spraed to drip. (More research ma be needed on this issue?) Spraing to drip is a standard testing protocol used for at least a centur, and hen done properl results ill correspond ver closel ith results from airblast applications and commercial groer eperience. Most treatments are applied from the ground ith the applicator stepping beteen trees to spra both sides of each tree hile the tractor is parked at the end of the plot. Hoever, hen large numbers of treatments received the same product mi, treatments ma be applied ith a handgun hile the person manning the handgun slol drives b the plots, doing first one side of all plots in a ro and then the other side. Treatments are usuall applied beteen 5 AM and 10 AM hen ind speeds are usuall loest. Hoever, this means that the earliest treatments ma be applied to et leaves (from de or night rains) hile later treatments are applied to dr leaves. B spraing to drip, e assume that dilution from ater present on leaves/fruit before spras are applied is minimied because the trees are full "ashed" ith the spra solution. The order in hich treatments is applied is varied from one application to the net so as to minimie potential impacts of appling spras earl in the da compared to later in the da or impacts from an potential residues left in the tank from one spra to the net (despite careful rinsing). For products that are tested at multiple rates, e start ith the loest rate and ork up to the higher rates or to tank-mi combinations, ith minimal rinsing of the spraer beteen treatments.

10 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 10 When sitching from one product to the net, the spraer tank is pressure rinsed, the filter is removed and rinsed, and to echanges of ater are run through the pump and hose before the net product is measured into the tank. Outcomes from an series of treatment comparisons are strongl affected b the spra interval and the timing of applications throughout the season. For eample, appling spras hr after critical scab infection periods ill make DMI, anilinoprimidine, strob, and SDHI fungicides look much better than contact fungicides like the mancoeb fungicides or captan hereas appling treatments just ahead of infection periods ill frequentl result in similar levels of disease control for all classes of products. Appling treatments hr after infection ill generall favor performance of DMI fungicides (at least here there is little or no DMI-resistance) over all other fungicide classes. We usuall tr to create at least one post-infection timing and one etended-interval spra during each season (sometimes one in spring and another in summer) so as to allo superior products to be differentiated from others that have less residual and/or post-infection activit. Hoever, options for spra timing are alas limited b predicted eather conditions and/or time required to appl treatments in other plots. We do not attempt to appl a series of treatments until e can identif a 4-hr period that ill be rain-free ith predicted inds not eceeding 5 mph (and preferabl ith inds < 3 mph). Rainfall that disrupts treatments as the are being applied on an date can make it almost impossible to interpret results because some treatments ill have been applied and dried before the rain, some ill be ashed off before the dr, and some ill be applied after the rain. Maintenance spras (insecticides, foliar nutrients, hole block fungicide treatments that preceded or follo the test treatments) are applied ith an airblast spraer that delivers ca 50 gal/a. Water is metered into spra tanks ith a flo meter that is recalibrated each spring and retested periodicall during the season. Data collection and statistical analses: We attempt to time our data collections so as to maimie the probabilit of capturing the data most likel to sho differences among treatments. For eample, ork in PA man ears ago shoed that milde signs on older terminal leaves graduall disappear or become less obvious. We therefore rate onl the 8 oungest terminal leaves so as to avoid "diluting" the differences ith large numbers of older leaves that are unlikel to contribute useful data. We also tr to make counts as soon as possible after signs/smptoms appear on leaves/fruit because delaing too long can allo earl-season results to be confounded b later summer infections, especiall in cases here secondar infections developing during summer ma unevenl distributed depending on ho much earl-season disease is present in adjacent plots. In some cases, e harvest fruit prior to commercial maturit so as to preserve data on fruit decas that ould otherise be lost hen decaed fruit drop to the ground prior to harvest. Ecept for poder milde ratings, e usuall evaluate all leaves on a set number of clusters or terminal shoots. Because the number of leaves per cluster or terminal varies, e usuall do NOT have eactl the same number of observations/plot. We do not attempt to eight the analses for the number of observations. Instead e use the mean disease incidence for each rep (total # diseased leaves divided b # number of observed leaves) as the basis for statistical analses. All analses are done using the Super-ANOVA program on an old Mac computer running Mac OS9.6. Data epressed as percentages are routinel subjected to the arc-sine transformation prior to analsis, and count data that is not normall distributed is subjected to the log transformation prior to analsis. Letter separations are derived from the transformed data, but arithmetic means are shon in the tables. Letter separations are assigned using Fisher's protected LSD, meaning that treatments differences not are considered statisticall significant if the P-value from the analsis is >0.05. Data from multiple cultivars ma be analed together in a split-plot analsis in situations ere I suspect that the larger dataset ma provide better treatment separations.

11 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 11 M.9 Block M.9 block fungicide trial, 2011 Orchard and eperimental design: All trees are on M.9 rootstock. The eastern three test ros ere planted in 1986; the remainder of the orchard as planted in Test cultivars include: Jersemac: super-susceptible to scab; good for quince rust; OK for poder milde due to inoculum coming from Cortland; provides earl fruit data ith normal harvest at the beginning of August. Cortland (Redcort strain): good for evaluating scab, quince rust, milde, frog-ee leaf spot, black rot fruit deca, soot blotch & flspeck (SBFS). Golden Delicious (Smoothee): good for evaluating cedar apple rust, quince rust, necrotic leaf blotch, and effects of pesticides on fruit finish. Ros are separated b buffer ros of apples (1986 planting) or buffer ros of stone fruits (1995 planting). Plots ithin ros are separated b cedar trees that suppl rust inoculum and limit spra drift. Randomied complete block design ith four replicate plots for each treatment. Comments on seasonal development, spra-timing rationale and impacts of that timing: A fe scab infections ma have occurred during the 3 rd potential infection period hich occurred Apr, and lesions from those infections shoed up b 6 Ma. Hoever, there ere ver fe infections from this period, and the first reall significant scab infection period as Apr hen trees ere at earl tight cluster. As usual, hen the first major scab infection period is delaed until tight cluster, scab pressure is relativel light for the season. The spra interval beteen the pink spra on 30 Apr and the bloom spra on 12 Ma as purposel etended beond the normal 7-10 da spra interval because eather as cool and dr and tree groth as progressing slol. The petal fall spra on 21 Ma as delaed beond petal fall due to rain events, and then as further delaed b one da so as to allo products ith some post-infection activit to be differentiated from products that provide onl protectant activit. All residues from the 12 Ma spra ould have been removed b 18 Ma hen rainfall since 12 Ma eceeded 2 inches. Infections occurring on 19 Ma therefore presumabl had to be controlled via postinfection activit from the 21 Ma application. The long intermittent etting event from Ma as ideal for quince rust infections on fruit and for cedar rust and scab infections on ne terminal leaves that ere unfolding rapidl during this peak period for the spring groth flush. An etended summer spra interval as used because summer conditions ere relativel dr during June and Jul. Hoever, to closel spaced spras ere applied on 12 and 17 Aug to compensate for intervening rains and to keep fruit relativel free from summer infections of SBFS. A final cover spra of Pristine as applied to all plots to suppress smptom development on Golden Delicious fruit from summer disease infections that ma have occurred during the to tropical storm events that occurred Aug and 5-8 Sep. The final spra as not applied prior to 8 Sep because e ished to harvest Redcort fruit before the final spra as applied to see if earl-season treatments had an effects on the incidence of summer diseases that ould develop on Redcort during the late-summer rains. Results: Comments on results are provided belo each of the data tables on the folloing pages.

12 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 12 M.9 Block Table 1: Treatments and treatment dates for the M.9 block. Rates of formulated product Spra dates: 4/14 4/22 5/1 5/12 5/21 5/31 6/15 6/27 per 100 gal of dilute spra Groth stage: GT TC PK BL PF 1C 2C 3C 1. Control Penncoeb 75DF 1 lb... P P P P P P P TC 3. IKF SC 1.33 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb... P X X X X X X TC 4. Omega 4SC 4.6 fl o... P TC 5. Omega 4.6 fl o alternated ith Inspire Super 2.82EW 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb... P O InS O InS O InS TC 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked ith Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb... P O InS InS O O InS TC 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb... P TC 8. Rall 40WSB 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb... P P TC 9. Nordo 75WG 21.2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb Indar 2F 2.67 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb + LI qt Indar 2.67 fl o + Captan 80WG 1 lb + LI qt Flint 50WG 0.83 o + Koverall 75DF 1 lb... P Topguard 1.04DC 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb TC 11. Merivon 500SC 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o... P P RP TC 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o... P P RP TC 13. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o + Captan 80WG o... P P RP TC 14. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet 3.84 fl o+ Penncoeb 1 lb... P P RP TC Summer spras for Trt-9 ere all applied ith a handgun ecept that all plots including controls ere spraed on 10 Sep ith Pristine 14.5 o applied ith an airblast spraer in 74 gal of ater/a. Other summer cover spras ere applied via airblast spraer (74 gal of spra solution/a) to all plots ecept Trts-1 and 9, and these spras ere Topsin M 9 o/a + Captan o/a on 27 Jun, 11 and 27 Jul, and 12 Aug; Topsin M 16 o/a + Captan o/a on 17 Aug; then Pristine on 10 Sep as previousl noted. P = Penncoeb 75 WDG 1 lb/100 applied alone; RP = Rall 40WSB 2 o + Penncoeb 75 WDG 1 lb; O = Omega 4.6 fl o; InS = Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb; TC = Topsin M plus Captan as noted in the footnote on summer spras. Nordo 75WG is 83.9% cuprous oide ith a metallic copper equivalent of 75%. Comments for Table 1: Product formulations are shon onl ith the first mention of each product ithin the table. Trts are all considered contact or protectant fungicide programs. IKF-309 is being tested as a mildecide and therefore had little or no effect on scab. Trts 5 thru 10 all involved DMI fungicides in various schedules, mitures, and alternations. Trts 11 thru 14 ere tests of Merivon, BASF's ne fungicide, hich is a combination of Xemium (fluaproad) plus praclostrobin.

13 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 13 M.9 Block Table 2: Apple scab on leaves Cluster leaf scab (%) Terminal leaf scab (%) Jerse- Red Jerse- Red Golden mac Cort mac Cort Delic. Products and rate/100 gal 7 Jun 17 Jun 13 Jun 17 Jun 6 Jul 1. Control c 5.9 b 27.2 e 17.4 d 13.9 e 2. Penncoeb 1 lb ab 1.2 a 5.6 d 4.2 c 1.8 cd 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) ab 0.6 a 4.1 d 2.5 c 3.7 d 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) b 0.2 a 0.3 abc 0.0 a 0.5 abc 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.6 abc 0.0 a 0.0 a 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.2 abc 0.0 a 0.1 ab 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.1 ab 0.0 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb ab 0.0 a 0.3 abc 0.8 ab 0.4 abc 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb a 0.2 a 0.8 bc 0.0 a 0.8 bc 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb ab 0.3 a 0.3 abc 0.0 a 0.0 a 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o ab 0.8 a 1.0 c 0.7 b 0.2 ab 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o ab 0.0 a 0.1 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.2 ab 0.0 a 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a See treatment details in Table 1. Based on evaluating all leaves on 15 clusters per tree or terminal shoots per tree. Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 2: All treatments ecept Trts-2-3 gave ecellent control of foliar scab. The fact that Omega provided better control of terminal leaf scab on Jersemac and Redcort than did Penncoeb in Trts- 2-3 suggests that Omega ma have a bit more postinfection activit than Penncoeb. Presumabl the scab on the Penncoeb treatments developed during the long intermittent etting event from Ma hen rains had depleted fungicide residues mida through the etting period and control as somehat dependent on postinfection activit from the 21 Ma application that as made after the infection period. Trt-7 (si applications of Inspire Super plus Penncoeb) provided slightl better control of terminal leaf scab on Jersemac and Golden Delicious than a similar program of Indar (Trt-9), but Rall plus Penncoeb (Trt-8) as just as effective as Inspire Super in this orchard here the scab population is still mostl DMI-susceptible.

14 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 14 M.9 Block Table 3: Scab on fruit % fruit ith apple scab Jersemac- Redcort Golden Del. harvest fruitlets at harvest harvest Products and rate/100 gal 18 Jul 17 Jun 9 Sep 20 Sep 1. Control e v 26.7 c 66.8 e 9.6 b 2. Penncoeb 1 lb d 3.2 b 3.3 cd 1.3 a 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) d 1.9 ab 7.5 d 1.6 a 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) c 2.6 b 1.7 bc 0.4 a 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb ab 0.0 a 2.1 bc 0.0 a 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb abc 0.0 a 0.4 ab 0.0 a 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb bc 0.0 a 1.7 bc 0.8 a 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb abc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.4 a 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb abc 0.0 a 0.8 ab 0.8 a 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o abc 1.3 ab 0.0 a 0.5 a 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o a 0.5 ab 0.4 ab 0.4 a 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb abc 0.0 a 0.8 ab 0.4 a See treatment details in Table 1. From 75 fruit/tree. Based on evaluating all fruitlets on 15 clusters per tree (mean of 54/tree). From 60 fruit/tree. v Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 3: Harvest ratings on Jersemac ere complete to eeks before fruit ere full mature because the high incidence of scab and quince rust in control plots as causing fruit to drop prematurel. Fruit scab incidence on Jersemac as higher for treatments that depended on Penncoeb alone (Trts 2-3) than for the Omega treatment (Trt-4), but the Omega treatment had more fruit scab than man of the other treatments. Trts 3 and 4 here scab control as dependent on Penncoeb had more fruit scab on Redcort at harvest than did treatments involving Merivon, Indar, Topguard alternated ith Flint, or the 6-spra program of Inspire Super plus Penncoeb.

15 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 15 M.9 Block Table 4: Poder milde Percent terminal leaves ith poder milde Jersemac- Redcort Grand means: Products and rate/100 gal 13 Jun 17 Jun both cultivars 1. Control bc 30.4 g 21.5 d 2. Penncoeb 1 lb c 12.9 ef 16.7 cd 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) b 11.2 def 9.2 bc 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) bc 21.3 fg 16.7 cd 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb bc 5.2 bcd 7.5 b 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb b 7.0 cde 7.2 b 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 1.3 abc 1.1 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb a 0.4 ab 0.2 a 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o a 0.0 a 0.1 a 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o a 0.2 ab 0.3 a 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o a 0.0 a 0.1 a 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb a 0.3 ab 0.2 a See treatment details in Table 1. Based on evaluating the eight oungest terminal leaves on the bourse shoots from 15 clusters per tree. Protected LSD test. Grand means are from split-plot analsis of both cultivars; the cultivar*milde interaction as significant (P=0.036). Comments for Table 4: Milde pressure in this block as relativel lo, but the protectant fungicides (Trts 2 and 4) did not provide satisfactor control, and the Inspire Super/Omega treatment (Trts 5-6) ere also eak on milde. Hoever, the si-spra program of Inspire Super (Trt-7) provided adequate milde control. IKF-309 did not provide an acceptable level of milde control as compared to other products in this trial.

16 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 16 M.9 Block Table 5: Rust diseases on leaves Cluster leaf rust (%) Terminal leaves ith rust (%) Jerse- Red Jerse- Red- Golden mac Cort mac cort Delicious Products and rate/100 gal 7 Jun 17 Jun 13 Jun 17 Jun 8 Jul 1. Control b 38.2 b 2.0 b 13.7 b 49.8 f 2. Penncoeb 1 lb a 0.8 a 0.0 a 0.2 a 11.8 e 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.9 d 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.4 abcd 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.2 a 0.0 a 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 0.2 a 0.1 a 0.0 a 0.7 abc 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.1 ab 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o a 2.2 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.2 cd 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o a 0.0 a 0.2 a 0.1 a 0.3 ab 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.2 a 1.6 bcd 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.3 bcd See treatment details in Table 1. From all leaves on 15 clusters or terminal shoots per tree. Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 5: Leaf rust in this block can be caused b either cedar apple rust (Gmnosporangium juniperii-virginianae) or hathorn rust (G. globosum). It is also possible that Japanese apple rust (G. amadae) ma be present in the block, but e have not confirmed its presence. Rust species on apple leaves are best identified b eamining aecia that form on the bottom surfaces of leaves in August. We have not determined the prevalence of the various species in this block, but e believe that cedar apple rust is the predominant tpe of rust in our orchards. Redcort and Jersemac cultivars are not considered rust-susceptible because rust infections are unable to complete their life-ccles on these cultivars. Hoever, rust spores can germinate and initiate infections on these cultivars before the host-pathogen incompatibilit arrests fungal development. The data reported as rust infections in this table as based on leaf spots that had visible orange spots in their centers that are tpical of rust infections. Data collected in June shoed that all of the treatments provided ecellent control of rust on leaves of Jersemac and Redcort. On Golden Delicious terminal leaves (last column on the right): The protectant programs ith Penncoeb (Trts 2-3) ere eaker than programs that included DMI fungicides (Trts 5-10), presumabl because post-infection activit as required to control rust that occurred near the end of the long infection period from Ma. Trt-3 had less rust than Trt-2, suggesting that IKF-309 ma have some activit against rust or contributed to improved activit of the Penncoeb that as applied ith IKF-309. Omega alone (Trt-4) provided acceptable rust control. When vieed as a group, the Merivon treatments ere a bit eak on rust. We kno that Flint and Sovran act onl as protectants against rust despite that fact that these same products provide hr post-infection activit against scab. Thus, it seems likel that it is the praclostrobin that is controlling rust on leaves in the Merivon treatments and those treatments failed to control rust that became established at the end of the Ma infection period hen complete control could have been achieved onl via post-infection activit from the 21 Ma application.

17 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 17 M.9 Block Table 6: Rust diseases on fruit Quince rust (%) Golden Del at harvest Jersemac Redcort Quince Cedar apple harvest Fruitlets at harvest rust rust Products and rate/100 gal 18 Jul 17 Jun 8 Sep 20 Sep 20 Sep 1. Control d 23.2 c 9.7 c 24.4 d 7.0 b 2. Penncoeb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.4 ab 0.0 a 1.7 a 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 0.0 a 0.8 ab 0.8 ab 0.4 a 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) c 6.0 b 8.7 c 7.9 c 0.8 a 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 1.7 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.4 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 0.0 a 0.4 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb a 0.5 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o b 2.9 b 2.1 b 4.9 b 0.8 a 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o a 0.7 a 0.4 ab 0.8 ab 0.4 a 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o a 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.8 ab 0.8 a 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.4 a 0.0 a See treatment details in Table 1. Based on evaluating all fruitlets on 15 clusters per tree (mean of 54/tree) From 75 fruit/tree. Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 6: Quince rust (G. clavipes) infects onl fruit and none of the apple cultivars are full resistant to quince rust. Fruit are most susceptible to quince rust from tight cluster through pink and again from petal fall to first cover. The open blossom petals ma to some degree "protect" the floer hpanthium (hich eventuall becomes the apple fruit) from quince rust infections during bloom. Although Penncoeb (Trt-2) did not provide complete control of foliar rust infections on Golden Delicious (Table 5), it still provided complete control of quince rust. Omega alone (Trt-4) failed to control quince rust even though it protected leaves from rust diseases. I cannot eplain h the lo rate of Merivon (Trt-12, as ell as 13-14) protected Jersemac fruit from quince rust hereas the higher rate in Trt-11 did not.

18 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 18 M.9 Block Table 7: Necrotic leaf spot Cluster leaves ith Terminal lvs ith leaf spot (%) necrotic leaf spot (%) Jerse- Red- Golden Jersemac Redcort mac cort Delicious Products and rate/100 gal 7 Jun 17 Jun 13 Jun 17 Jun 8 Jul 1. Control b 83.5 d 19.9 c 46.0 d Penncoeb 1 lb a 8.1 abc 1.4 ab 16.2 bc IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 6.3 abc 1.8 b 18.4 c Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) a 5.4 abc 1.2 ab 4.6 a Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 8.0 abc 2.0 ab 6.2 a Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb a 9.2 bc 1.3 ab 16.2 bc Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 5.3 abc 1.1 ab 6.8 abc Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb a 3.9 abc 0.5 ab 7.6 abc Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb a 4.2 abc 1.3 ab 10.6 abc Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb a 10.5 c 1.1 ab 4.3 a Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o a 4.7 abc 0.6 ab 8.9 abc Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o a 2.0 a 1.0 ab 5.8 ab Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o a 5.1 abc 0.3 ab 5.9 ab Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb a 3.5 ab 0.5 a 5.9 a 4.3 See treatment details in Table 1. From all leaves on 15 clusters or terminal shoots per tree. Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 7: Necrotic leaf spot (NLS) on both cluster leaves and terminals leaves (i.e., all data in this table) consists of rust-induced NLS and also frog-ee leaf spot caused b Botrosphaeria obtusa, but it is almost impossible to distinguish beteen the to causes based on visual smptoms. B. obtusa can invade leaves directl and cause frog-ee leaf spot. Frog-ee leaf spot is more common in Redcort than on Jersemac or Golden Delicious, and inoculum is usuall unevenl distributed ithin trees, coming primaril from overintering fruitlet mummies that died after fruit thinning the previous ear but remained attached to the tree. Rust-induced NLS is usuall uniforml distributed throughout trees (at least on leaves of the same age) and develops hen leaf cells are initiall killed b germinating rust spores, the rust fails to survive due to either host incompatibilit reactions or to application of fungicides ith post-infection activit, and secondar fungi then use the dead cells as an entr point for invading the leaf and enlarging the lesion. If the rust infection develops sufficientl to produce an orange pigment at the center of the lesions, e classif the spot as a rust infection and it ould be reported in the data on Table 5. Hoever, e often find both NLS and small rust infections on the same leaf, and those leaves ould be counted as infections in both Table 5 and Table 7. Secondar organisms commonl isolated from rust-induced NLS include Alternaria species, Phomopsis species, and Botrosphaeria obtusa. (The rust fungi are obligate parasites and therefore cannot be recovered hen making isolations from leaves.) The best protection against rust-induced NLS is application of fungicides that protect leaves from rust infections. On cluster leaves and on Jersemac terminal leaves, all treatments reduced the incidence of NLS compared to the control, but there ere fe differences among treatments and no treatment provided complete control for all three of those data sets. Treatments shoed more differences on Redcort terminal leaves, probabl because of some treatments ere more effective than others for controlling frog-ee leaf spot hich as more prevalent on Redcort than on the other cultivars.

19 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 19 M.9 Block Table 8: Golden Delicious terminal leaf ratings Percent Golden Delicious terminal leaves: Necrotic Leaves el- Missing Leaves ith leaf spot loed b leaves no disease Products and rate/100 gal 6 Jul NLB 8 Jul 6 Jul 6 Jul 1. Control d 1.3 b 38.9 f 2. Penncoeb 1 lb d 0.0 a 81.7 de 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) ab 0.0 a 86.8 cde 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) e 1.2 b 88.9 bcd 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb cd 0.0 a 94.2 ab 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb d 0.2 ab 94.6 ab 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) ab 0.2 ab 93.6 abc 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb a 0.0 a 96.5 a 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb ab 0.0 a 97.3 a 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb f 7.3 c 78.0 e 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o ab 0.1 ab 93.9 abc 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o bcd 0.0 ab 95.3 ab 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o ab 0.2 ab 96.5 a 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb abc 0.4 ab 93.0 abc See treatment details in Table 1. From all leaves on 15 clusters or terminal shoots per tree. NLB= necrotic leaf blotch; data are from hole-tree estimates b to observers, one on each side of each tree. Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 8: The data for necrotic leaf spot in the first column in Table 8 is the same data as shon in the right-hand column of Table 7. It as included here so that it could be directl compared to other data presented in this table. Necrotic leaf blotch (NLB) is a disease of unknon etiolog that occurs primaril on Golden Delicious trees. Affected leaves develop large irregularl shaped necrotic areas and then turn bright ello and drop from the trees. "Waves" of elloed leaves develop at unpredictable intervals during mid to late summer. Dr. Turner Sutton studied this phenomenon in North Carolina in the 1970's and concluded that NLB is a phsiological disorder that can be managed b using fungicides containing metal ions, especiall inc. Hoever, in recent ears I have noted that man of the neer fungicides are affecting the incidence of NLB in m test plots. For a variet of reasons, I no suspect that NLB is caused either directl or indirectl (via toic metabolites or creation of a strong nutrient sink) b Aureobasidium pullulans, b far the most common leaf epiphte on apples. A. pullulans as shon b Dr. Tom Burr at Geneva to be a contributing factor in development of fruit russetting on Golden Delicious. Other studies, especiall those b Dr. John Andres' group in Wisconsin, suggest that A. pullulans is a nutrient scavenger that rapidl builds to high populations herever free nutrients appear on plant surfaces, or even on the sides of buildings here it is a component in mildes on paint. On apples, A. pullulans ma reach toic levels on leaves primaril hen humid conditions favor its groth hile at the same time there is limited rainfall that ould otherise remove euded nutrients from leaf surfaces. If m hpotheses are correct, then fungicides could affect NLB either b causing leaf injur that eacerbates nutrient leakage and promotes A. pullulans, or fungicides might reduce NLB b direct toicit to A. pullulans. Trts 4 and 10 both eacerbated NLB in this trial hereas the DMIs in Trts kept NLB belo levels observed ith Penncoeb alone (Trt-2). IKF-309 and the Merivon treatments also suppressed NLB. "Missing leaves" ere determined b noting empt nodes hen terminal leaves ere rated on 6 Jul. Causes of missing leaves ere either severe rust infections (especiall in the controls) or NLB, ith the latter accounting for the high incidence of missing leaves in Trt 10. The leaf elloing from NLB can develop ver quickl, although the development of bron necrotic spots occurs more slol and precedes the rapid development of elloed leaves. In this plot, the elloed leaves ere not especiall noticeable hen terminals ere collected for detailed observations on 6 Jul hereas treatments shoed striking differences in the amounts of leaf elloing hen trees ere observed just to das later on 8 Jul. Data on "leaves ith no disease" ere from the detailed observations on 6 Jul and indicate leaves that ere free of rust, scab, and NLS. Necrosis from NLB as not included hen determining if leaves ere "disease-free."

20 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 20 M.9 Block Table 9: Summer diseases on Redcort fruit at harvest % Redcort fruit at harvest ith: Soot OG for Bitter Black/hite Products and rate/100 gal blotch Flspeck SBFS rot rot 1. Control d g 99.1 d 2.6 a 21.8 f 2. Penncoeb 1 lb abc 44.0 cdef 7.9 c 0.0 a 4.6 de 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) bc 53.3 ef 9.2 bc 0.4 a 3.3 cde 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) abc 58.7 f 7.5 c 0.8 a 6.6 e 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb abc 35.3 bcd 2.1 abc 0.0 a 0.8 abc 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb ab 30.5 abc 4.1 abc 0.4 a 3.3 abcde 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 29.2 abc 4.2 abc 0.0 a 2.5 bcde 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb c 53.8 ef 9.2 c 0.4 a 1.3 abcd 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb abc 16.6 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.2 abcd 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb bc 49.6 def 9.6 c 0.0 a 0.4 ab 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o abc 41.7 bcde 5.4 bc 0.0 a 1.3 abcd 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o ab 42.1 bcde 9.0 bc 0.0 a 1.6 abc 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o abc 52.1 ef 8.7 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb a 26.4 ab 0.4 ab 0.0 a 0.8 abc See treatment details in Table 1. From evaluation of 60 fruit/tree or all available fruit if less than 60. Fruit that ere out of grade for SBFS had infections that ould have precluded them from the USDA Etra Fanc grade. Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 9: Ecept for Trt 9, hich received hand-gunned spras that included Indar throughout summer, and the controls (Trt-1) that ere left unspraed through summer, all of the other treatments had the same summer spra regime. Therefore, treatment effects that are shon here (ecept for Trts 1 and 9) are attributable to effects of the fungicides on earl stages of these diseases as the ere becoming established soon after bloom. Indar (Trt 9) provided ecellent control of SBFS ith no fruit judged out-of-grade. Hoever the handgun applications of Indar throughout summer (compared to the airblast applications of Topsin-Captan to the other plots) ma have been a factor because the handgun applications ma have provided more complete coverage of fruit than airblast spras. None of the treatments provided complete control of soot blotch and flspeck (SBFS), but man of the SBFS infections ere small enough or ere located in the cal or stem cup areas here infections are ignored during grading. As a result, the percentage of fruit out of grade for SBFS as much loer than the percentages of fruit shoing signs of SBFS. Much of the SBFS probabl developed during the 22 das beteen the last spra that Redcorts received on 17 Aug and harvest on 8 Sep, a period during hich e received 15.4 inches of rain and 140 hr of etting (as recorded electronicall on the NEWA station at HVL). Flspeck is alas difficult to control on Redcort and other Cortland strains, perhaps in part because Cortland trees frequentl produce to or three fruit/cluster even under ecellent fruit thinning regimes. These clustered fruit make complete fungicide coverage ver difficult and also tend to hold moisture for longer periods folloing rains or des. Redcort ma also have been more susceptible to SBFS than Golden Delicious under conditions of this test because the Redcort ere ripening (and therefore probabl had more sugars leaching through the skin) during the time hen heav rains occurred as compared to Golden Delicious hich ripened later and ere protected ith another spra on 10 Sep after the Redcort ere harvested. Inspire Super plus Penncoeb (Trt 7) provided better control of flspeck than the standard program of Rall plus Penncoeb (Trt 8), thereb confirming earlier ork indicating that Inspire Super has ecellent activit against flspeck. Merivon plus Captan (Trt 13) had significantl more flspeck than Merivon plus Penncoeb (Trt 14), and the latter as also better against flspeck than Penncoeb used alone (Trt 2). All of the treatments suppressed the incidence of black/hite rot, but the programs involving onl protectant fungicides (Trts 2-3-4) ere somehat less effective than treatments that involved the DMI chemistr combined ith a protectant fungicide (Trts 5-10) or treatments ith Merivon (Trts 11-14).

21 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 21 M.9 Block Table 10: Summer diseases on Golden Delicious fruit % Golden Delicious fruit at harvest ith: Out-of Black/ Black Soot Fl- grade for Bitter hite specks Products and rate/100 gal blotch speck SBFS rot rot < 2 mm 1. Control e v 98.9 c 97.2 c 15.8 b 38.1 c 23.1 b 2. Penncoeb 1 lb bcd 4.2 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) cd 8.2 ab 2.9 ab 0.0 a 1.7 a 0.4 a 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) bcd 15.0 b 2.9 b 0.8 a 3.3 b 0.0 a 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb abcd 3.8 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.9 b 1.3 a 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb bcd 4.2 ab 0.0 a 0.4 a 2.1 ab 0.4 a 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) a 1.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.4 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb bcd 5.0 ab 0.8 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.4 a 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb abcd 6.3 ab 0.8 ab 0.0 a 2.1 ab 0.8 a 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb d 10.4 b 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 ab 1.3 a 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o ab 4.2 ab 0.4 a 0.0 a 2.6 b 0.9 a 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o abcd 3.3 ab 0.4 a 0.0 a 0.4 ab 0.0 a 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o abc 3.8 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 1.7 ab 0.0 a 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb abcd 3.3 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.8 ab 0.0 a See treatment details in Table 1. From evaluation of 60 fruit/tree or all available fruit if less than 60. Fruit that ere out of grade for SBFS had infections that ould have precluded them from the USDA Etra Fanc grade. Black specks ere mostl centered at lenticels and probabl represented earl stages of black rot infections. v Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 10: See the first three comments about summer spras and SBFS under Table 9. All of the fungicide treatments provided ecellent control of all diseases on Golden Delicious fruit compared to the unspraed controls. Hoever, much of this disease control as attributable to the cover spras of Topsin-Captan, and there ere fe relativel fe differences among the fungicide treatments.

22 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 22 M.9 Block Table 11: Diseases on incubated Golden Delicious Disease incidence (% fruit affected) Out-of Black/ Out-of Soot Fl- grade for Bitter hite grade for Products and rate/100 gal blotch speck SBFS rot rot russet 2. Penncoeb 1 lb v ab v 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns)... nd u nd nd nd nd 0.5 a 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) a 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) abc 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb ab 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb bcd 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb... nd nd nd nd nd 0.0 a 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o d 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o abc 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o ab 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb cd P-values for treatment effects See treatment details in Table 1. All fruit that had decas at the time of harvest evaluations (Table 10) ere discarded, but for some of the treatments the remaining fruit (including those ith visible SBFS at harvest) ere incubated for 16 das at 68 F and 100% relative humidit to allo incubating infections to develop visible signs or smptoms. Fruit from treatments 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 ere not incubated after harvest. Fruit that ere out of grade for SBFS had infections that ould have precluded them from the USDA Etra Fanc grade. Fruit finish as rated on a scale of 1 to 5 here 1 = a smooth finish, 2 = raised lenticels, and 3 to 5 represent increasingl severe russetting. Fruit rated 3 or higher ould not be acceptable for USDA Etra Fanc grade. v Protected LSD test. For parameters here no letter separations are shon, there ere no significant differences among treatments. u nd = no data collected. Comments for Table 11: The incidence of SBFS as slightl higher for some treatments after incubation than during harvest evaluations, but there ere no significant effects of treatment for either SBFS or fruit rots on incubated fruit. The higher rate of Merivon had more russetting than the loer rate applied alone, and the loer rate combined ith Pencoeb had more russetting than the same rate applied ith Captan.

23 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 23 M.9 Block Table 12: Fruit ith no diseases at harvest Fruit ith no disease (%) Jersemac Redcort fruit Golden Delicious fruit harvested harvested harvested Products and rate/100 gal 18 Jul 9 Sep 20 Sep 1. Control f 0.0 h 0.0 e 2. Penncoeb 1 lb de 53.5 cdef 87.1 bcd 3. IKF fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) de 40.0 fg 82.7 bcd 4. Omega 4.6 fl o (6 applications) e 35.5 g 75.8 d 5. Omega 4.6 fl o altern'd InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb ab 61.0 bcde 88.3 bc 6. Omega 4.6 fl o blocked InSpr 4 fl o + Pncb 1 lb ab 65.0 abcd 90.0 bc 7. Inspire Super 4 fl o + Penncoeb 1 lb (6 applictns) ab 67.9 abc 97.1 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb bc 43.8 fg 89.6 bc 9. Indar 2.67 fl o (all season) +Pb 1 lb or Cap-80 1 lb ab 75.9 a 86.3 bcd 10. Flint 0.83 o + Koverall 1 lb Topguard 4.33 fl o + Koverall 1 lb ab 47.5 efg 81.4 cd 11. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o cd 53.7 cdef 88.8 bc 12. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o ab 53.9 def 92.5 ab 13. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o + Capt o a 47.1 efg 90.4 abc 14. Merivon Slt 3.84 fl o+ Pncb 1 lb ab 72.3 ab 91.7 abc See treatment details in Table 1. Protected LSD test. Comments for Table 12: The percentages of Jersemac fruit ith no disease is based on fruit that ere free of scab and quince rust. There ere no fruit rots evident on Jersemac hen the ere rated on 18 Jul other than rots that ere associated ith quince rust infections. The percentages of Redcort and Golden Delicious fruit that ere free of disease meant that these fruit had no scab, rust, soot blotch, flspeck, or fruit rots. The relativel lo percentages of Redcort fruit free of disease is attributable to the high incidence of SBFS at harvest.

24 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 24 Pond Block Background on Pond Block Orchard and eperimental design: All trees are on MM.111 rootstock ith M.9 interstems. The orchard as planted in 1998 in a design that involved 50 to-tree plots herein one tree as McIntosh and one tree as Golden Delicious. Trees ere planted ith 25 ft beteen ros, 9 ft beteen trees ithin the 2-tree plots, and 18 ft beteen plots ithin the ros. The spaces beteen plots ithin ros contain cedar trees that suppl rust inoculum and limit spra drift. In 2000, the tops of the McIntosh trees ere top-orked to Ginger Gold to create trees that have a loer tier of scaffold limbs that are McIntosh and an upper half of the tree that is Ginger Gold. This allos us to collect data from three cultivars even though space limitations alloed for onl to trees per plot. The orchard is triangular, ith hedgero or forest trees on to sides and a trimmed 14-ft tall cedar hedge on the 3 rd side. The orchard is located at the bottom of a hill ith poor air drainage. Conditions generall favor high disease pressure for soot blotch and flspeck. Diseases monitored on the test cultivars: Ginger Gold: good for evaluating scab, quince rust, cedar apple rust, poder milde, and black rot fruit deca. This cultivar matures in mid-august and therefore is often harvested before soot blotch & flspeck (SBFS) become evident on fruit. Roger's McIntosh: susceptible to scab; good for evaluating rust-induced leaf spot. Golden Delicious (Smoothee): good for evaluating cedar apple rust, quince rust, necrotic leaf blotch, and effects of pesticides on fruit finish. Eperimental design is a randomied complete block ith four replicate plots for each treatment. Comments on seasonal development, spra-timing rationale and impacts of that timing: A fe scab infections ma have occurred during the 3 rd potential infection period hich occurred Apr, and lesions from those infections shoed up b 6 Ma. Hoever, there ere ver fe infections from this period, and the first reall significant scab infection period as Apr hen trees ere at earl tight cluster. As usual, hen the first major scab infection period is delaed until tight cluster, scab pressure is relativel light for the season. The spra interval beteen the bloom spra on 6 Ma and the petal fall spra on 19 Ma as purposel etended beond the normal 7-10 da spra interval because eather from 6 Ma to 14 Ma as cool and dr and tree groth as progressing slol. All residues from the 6 Ma spra ould have been removed b 18 Ma hen rainfall since 6 Ma eceeded 2 inches and also because of dilution onto the man ne leaves that formed during this period. Infections occurring on 18 Ma therefore presumabl had to be controlled via postinfection activit from the 19 Ma application. The long intermittent etting event from Ma as ideal for quince rust infections on fruit and for cedar rust and scab infections on ne terminal leaves that ere unfolding rapidl during this peak period for the spring groth flush. The etended spra interval beteen 26 Ma and 15 Jun encompassed another long dr period and therefore tested the redistribution properties of products applied on 26 Ma that ould have needed to be redistributed b rains on 30 Ma and again on 9-14 Jun to protect nel unfolding leaves. A final cover spra of Pristine as applied to all plots to suppress smptom development on Golden Delicious fruit from summer disease infections that ma have occurred during the to tropical storm events that occurred Aug and 5-8 Sep. The final spra as not applied until after McIntosh fruit had been harvested. Results: Comments on results are provided belo each of the data tables on the folloing pages.

25 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 25 Pond Block Table 1. Treatment and rate of formulated 4/14 4/22 4/29 5/6 5/19 5/26 6/15 product per 100 gal of dilute spra GT TC PK BL PF 1C 2C 1. Control CT 2. Manate Pro-Stick 75DF 1 lb... X X X X X X CT 3. Agion-A 100L 5.26 gal + Tactic 8 fl o... X X X M1 Agion-A 100L 2.63 gal + Bond 16 fl o X M1 CT 4. Agion-E 200L 5.26 gal + Tactic 8 fl o... X X X M1 Agion-E 100L 2.63 gal + Bond 16 fl o X M1 CT 5. Manate 1.33 lb + Vanguard 75WG 1.33 o... X X X CT Fontelis 1.67SC 6.55 fl o X X X 6. Manate 1.33 lb + Vangard 1.33 o... X X M2 v CT Fontelis 6.55 fl o X X X 7. Manate 1.33 lb + Vanguard 1.33 o... X X M2 CT Fontelis 6.55 fl o + Biocover MLT oil 2 qt X X X 8. Manate 1.33 lb + Vanguard 1.33 o... X X M2 CT Luna Sensation 500SC 1.67 fl o X X X 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o... M1 X X M1 X X CT 10. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o + Manate 1 lb... M1 X X M1 X X CT 11. Merivon 500SC 1.33 fl o + Silet L fl o... M1 X X M1 X X CT 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet L fl o... M1 X X M1 X X CT 13. Rall 40WSB 2 o + Manate 1 lb... M1 X X M1 X X CT Formulations for the products applied are listed onl the first time that the appear in the list of treatments. Summer spras consisting of Captan o/a + Topsin M 9 o/a ere applied on 15 Jun, 27 Jun, and 11 Jul to all plots including controls using an airblast spraer that delivered 53 gal/a. All plots ecept trts 2, 3, and 4 received an airblast spra of Captan + Topsin as described above on 27 Jul and handgun application of Captan o + Topsin M 5.3 o/100 gal on 18 Aug. Trt 2 received no fungicide spras on 27 Jul or 18 Aug so that fruit from this plot could be used as comparisons for summer disease control achieved ith the Agion spras (trts 9-10) that ere applied via handgun at the rates of 2.63 gal/100 gal along ith Bond 16 fl o/100 gal on those dates. Finall, all plots ere received another application of Topsin M 12 o/a applied via airblast on 10 Sep after Ginger Gold and McIntosh fruit had been harvested. X = dates hen the listed treatment as applied. M1 = Manate Pro-Stick 75DF 1 lb/100 gal as applied alone. v M2 = Manate Pro-Stick 75DF 2 lb/100 gal as applied alone. Comments: Trt 2 as applied to onl to plots (i.e., the onl to remaining from the 50 plots in the block), and one of these did not contain the Ginger Gold cultivar because the top-orked graft had died. This treatment provides an indication of hat a standard mancoeb program might have done and provides a comparison for the protectant-onl Agion treatments. Hoever, trt 2 is not included in statistical analses of results. The Agion products (trts 3-4) contain ions of copper, inc, and silver. Manate Pro-Stick 75DF 1 lb/100 gal as applied all plots in the Agion treatments on 6 and 26 Ma because the Agion treatments ere causing severe phtotoicit that e ere afraid might damage the trees severel enough to cause tree death. Trts involved rates and timings requested b DuPont. The 2 lb/100 gal rate of Manate used at first cover in trts eceed hat is alloed on the Manate label. (The label ould not have alloed an application of Manate after bloom because the prebloom rate eceeded 1 lb/100 gal.) Trts 9 through 13 ere all applied on the same schedule and all ecept trt 13 involve products in the SDHI group. Trt 13 is the commercial standard of Rall plus Manate.

26 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 26 Pond Block Table 2. Effects of treatments on leaf scab and poder milde. Material and rate of Cluster leaf scab (%) Terminal leaf scab (%) Milde formulated product Ginger G. Mac Mac Golden Del. Ginger G. per 100 gal 1 Jun 2 Jun 19 Jul 11 Jul 7 Jun 1. Control b 12.5 b 2.5 b 4.4 b 2. Manate 1 lb (2 reps/ no analsis) * v 4.3 * v 8.7 * v 2.7 * v 4.2 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a 0.2 a 0.2 a 0.4 a 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a 0.3 a 0.3 a 3.1 b 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 0.2 a 0.2 a 0.0 a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.2 a 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.2 a 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a 0.5 a 0.5 a 0.0 a 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a 0.1 a 0.1 a 0.2 a 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.2 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet a 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.2 a P values for treatments ns <0.001 For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From all leaves in 15 spurs or 15 terminals/tree From the eight oungest, full-unfolded leaves on each of 15 terminals per tree. Protected LSD test. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers. Comments: The lack of significant apple scab spore discharge during the period from green tip to tight cluster limited the amount of scab that developed on cluster leaves. Secondar spread of apple scab as further limited b the cover spras that ere applied to all plots beginning on 16 Jun. Because e counted all leaves hen evaluating terminal leaves, the disease-free leaves that ere produced after cover spras ere initiated diluted the effect of disease incidence on the earlier terminal leaves. Rains during the latter part of Ma limited development of milde on earl terminal leaves that ere evaluated on 7 Jun. All of the treatments provided equivalent levels of control ecept that Agion E failed to control milde.

27 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 27 Pond Block Table 3. Effects of treatments on fruit scab. Material and rate of % fruitlets or fruit ith scab formulated product McIntosh Ginger Gold Golden Del. per 100 gal 6 Jun 6 Sep 2 Jun 9 Aug 5 Oct 1. Control c 69.4 c 45.0 b 17.8 * v 18.7 * v 2. Manate 1 lb (2 Macs, 1 GG; no analsis) * v * v 4.0 * v 0.8 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a 3.1 ab 5.3 a 1.3 a 0.9 a 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal b 7.2 b 9.0 a 1.0 a 1.3 a 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 0.5 a 3.3 a 0.0a 0.0 a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 0.0 a 14.8 a 0.0 a 2.5 a 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a 0.0 a 0.6 a 0.0 a 0.8 a 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o a 0.0 a 2.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a 1.7 ab 2.3 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a 0.5 a 0.6 a 0.0 a 0.4 a 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 0.8 a 0.7 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet a 0.6 a 0.9 a 0.0 a 0.4 a 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 1.3 ab 0.6 a 1.7 a 0.4 a P-values for treatments... <0.001 <0.001 < ns For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From all from all fruitlets in 15 clusters/tree From 60 fruit/tree (McIntosh) or 75 fruit/tree (Ginger Gold). Protected LSD test. v This treatment as not included in statistical analsis of this variable due to lack of adequate tree numbers or of trees that had enough fruit to evaluate. (Control fruit on Ginger Gold and Golden Delicious ere severel damaged b quince rust in and dropped prematurel, leaving too fe fruit to evaluate in plots that had a light fruit set ana.) Comments: Although the incidence of foliar scab as relativel lo in this block (see Table 2), the infections that occurred just prior to bloom and during bloom provided inoculum for secondar infections on fruit during the period beteen petal fall (19 Ma) and the start of cover spras on 15 Jun. Most treatments provided good control of scab on fruit, but Agion E as eaker than most of the other treatments for controlling scab on Mac fruit. We ere unable to detect an differences in control due to timing of Fontelis treatments or the addition of oil ith Fontelis. There ere no differences beteen the to rates of Merivon that ere tested or among the three Luna Sensation treatments.

28 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 28 Pond Block Table 4. Effects of treatments on rust and rust-related leaf disorders on spur leaves. Material and rate of % spur leaves ith rust % G. Gold spur leaves % Mac spur formulated product Mac G. Gold leaf necrotic leaves ith per 100 gal 2 Jun 1 Jun elloing leafspot leaf spot 1. Control d 80.3 e 20.8 e 21.6 d 61.3 d 2. Manate 1 lb (1 rep GG, 2 reps Mac) * 0.0 * 0.0 * 7.0 * 12.3 * 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal bc 20.5 d 0.9 abc 1.9 ab 11.6 c 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal ab 17.0 cd 3.9 abcd 8.2 bcd 11.6 c 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 0.0 a 8.1 de 5.8 ab 2.4 ab 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 0.6 ab 3.9 abcd 13.5 cd 7.9 abc 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a 0.9 ab 6.2 bcde 3.9 ab 6.5 abc 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o ab 2.4 ab 0.4 ab 4.1 ab 9.5 bc 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a 2.9 ab 0.0 a 3.2 ab 6.0 abc 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a 5.9 bc 10.2 cde 4.4 ab 7.4 abc 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 1.3 ab 0.8 ab 3.4 ab 3.0 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet c 4.4 ab 4.2 bcde 2.3 a 14.9 c 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 1.7 ab 8.2 de 7.2 abc 2.2 ab P-values for treatments < <0.001 <0.001 For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From all leaves on 15 spurs/tree. Protected LSD test. This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers. Comments: McIntosh is not considered susceptible to cedar apple rust because rust infections are unable to complete their lifeccles on McIntosh. Hoever, rust spores can germinate and attack leaf cells before host-pathogen incompatibilit arrests fungal development. The data reported as rust infections in this table as based on leaf spots that had visible orange spots in their centers that are tpical of rust infections. Spots lacking visible orange centers ere counted as necrotic leaf spot. Rust spots on leaves can be caused b either cedar apple rust (Gmnosporangium juniperi-virginianae) or hathorn rust (G. globosum), and the infections cannot be distinguished ecept b eamining the aecia on the undersides of leaves in August. Hoever, cedar apple rust predominates in our test blocks and probabl caused most of the infections noted here. Trees in this test orchard are eposed to etremel high levels of rust inoculum because cedar hedges have been planted as ind breaks on to sides of the triangular block and cedar trees are used to separate plots ithin ros. For unknon reasons, the higher rate of Merivon (Trt 12) as less effective than the loer rate (Trt 11) against both rust and leaf spot on McIntosh spur leaves, and Luna Sensation + Manate (Trt 10) had more leaf elloing on Ginger Gold spur leaves than did Luna Sensation used alone (Trt 9). Fontelis applied ith oil (Trt 7) had less necrotic leaf spot on Ginger Gold spur leaves than Fontelis applied alone on the same dates (Trt 6), but there ere no other benefits from adding the oil.

29 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 29 Pond Block Table 5. Effects of treatments on rust and rust-related leaf disorders on terminal leaves. Material and rate of Terminal leaf rust (%) Mac terminal lvs (%) 19 Jul formulated product Mac Golden Del. Necrotic Leaf elper 100 gal 19 Jul 11 Jul leaf spot loing 1. Control cd 48.2 cd 33.7 c Manate 1 lb (2 reps) * v 46.4 * v 22.4 * v 4.9 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal c 54.9 d 22.1 ab Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal bc 52.8 d 18.8 ab M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o c 50.8 d 27.6 bc M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o d 54.1 d 20.8 ab M+Vgd 2// Font oil cd 38.0 bc 22.3 ab M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o cd 44.4 cd 8.9 ab Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o ab 17.0 a 15.9 a Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb bc 37.5 bc 16.8 a Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet ab 30.9 b 17.0 a Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet c 43.8 cd 21.5 ab Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 17.6 a 14.6 a 11.8 P-values for treatments < ns For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From all leaves on 15 terminals/tree Leaf ello refers to a general discoloration of leaves that occurs hen severe rust infections are initiated on a noncompatible host. See photo B on page 40 of this report for an eample of severe elloing. Leaves ere counted as elloed if the shoed an evidence of ello discoloration similar to that shon in the photo. Protected LSD test. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers. Comments: None of the treatments provided complete control of rust on Golden Delicious terminal leaves because rust as still active in mid-june hen this entire block as sitched to summer spras of Topsin M + Captan, neither of hich can control rust infections. Rall is etremel effective against rust diseases, so an treatment that performed as ell as the Rall + Manate treatment (Trt 13) should be considered effective against rust. Luna Sensation used alone (Trt 9) as as effective as the Rall treatment for controlling rust on Golden Delicious terminal leaves, but the same rate of Luna Sensation used ith Manate (Trt 10) as less effective. Reasons for this difference are not knon, but it ma be that the adjuvants that are included in Manate Pro-Stik inhibited the activit of Luna Sensation against rust. Luna Sensation used alone at a higher rate (Trt 8) as also less effective that Trt 9, but this as probabl due to differences in dates that Luna Sensation as applied in the to treatments. In Trt 9, the last application of Luna Sensation on 26 Ma apparentl provided better protection against rust than the 2 lb/100 gal of Manate that as applied in Trt 8. None of the Merivon or Fontelis treatments provided rust control equal to that provided b Rall (Trt 13) or Luna Sensation (Trt 9). The loer rate of Merivon (Trt 11) provided better control of rust on both cultivars than the higher rate (Trt 12). Fontelis applied ith oil (Trt 7) resulted in less rust on Golden Delicious leaves than Fontelis applied alone on the same dates (Trt 6).

30 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 30 Pond Block Table 6. Effects of treatments on percentages of leaves ith no disease. Material and rate of % health cluster leaves % health terminal leaves formulated product Ginger G. Mac Mac Golden Del. per 100 gal 1 Jun 2 Jun 19 Jul 11 Jul 1. Control e 51.6 e 45.5 e 47.0 d 2. Manate 1 lb (2 reps) * 81.7 * 61.8 * 48.8 * 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal cd 84.3 abcd 59.8 d 44.2 d 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal d 71.5 de 67.6 abcd 45.7 d 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o abcd 97.6 a 60.2 cd 43.1 d 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o bcd 87.3 abcd 64.9 bcd 45.1 d 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil ab 82.6 bcd 66.4abcd 58.8 bc 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o ab 87.0 abcd 68.2 abcd 52.6 cd 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o ab 92.1 abc 70.6 abc 78.0 a 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb ab 90.3 abc 69.8 abcd 59.9 bc 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 91.3 ab 73.5 ab 65.4 b 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet abc 78.6 cd 69.0 acd 53.6 cd 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 95.1 ab 75.6 a 77.7 a P-values for treatments... < <0.001 <0.001 For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From all leaves in 15 spurs or 15 terminals/tree Protected LSD test. This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers. Comments: Leaves rated as "health" had no disease of an kind and no rust-induced leaf elloing. Because rust as poorl controlled in man treatments, the treatment differences in this table ere largel determined b the amount of rust or rust-induced leaf spotting that as noted for various treatments.

31 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 31 Pond Block Table 7. Effects of treatments on percentages of fruit ith cedar apple rust. Material and rate of Fruit ith cedar apple rust (%) formulated product Ginger Gold Golden Delicious per 100 gal 2 Jun 9 Aug 5 Oct 1. Control b 40.0 * v 15.6 * v 2. Manate 1 lb (2 reps) * v 9.3 * v 4.2 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a 19.7 e 2.9 a 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a 12.6 de 0.0 a 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 9.7 bcd 2.5 a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 13.9 de 4.6 a 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a 12.1 cde 0.4 a 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o a 6.3 bcd 0.4 a 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a 2.3 ab 0.0 a 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a 8.4 bcde 4.2 a 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 4.4 bc 3.3 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet a 13.7 de 1.7 a 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 0.0 a 0.0 a P-values for treatments For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From all from all fruitlets in 15 clusters/tree From 60 fruit/tree (Golden Delicous) or 75 fruit/tree (Ginger Gold). Protected LSD test. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers or lack of fruit on some trees. Several of the Ginger Gold and Golden Delicious control trees had no fruit at harvest because severe rust infections caused premature fruit drop. Comments: All of the fungicides controlled cedar apple rust that as evident on Ginger Gold on 2 June, but none ecept Rall (Trt 13) provided complete protection against rust on Ginger Gold evaluated at harvest. Apparentl the first rating on Ginger Gold as completed before all of the infection on fruit had become visible. The loer rate of Merivon provided better control of rust on Ginger Gold fruit than the higher rate.

32 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 32 Pond Block Table 8. Effects of treatments on percentages of fruit ith quince rust. Material and rate of Fruit ith quince rust (%) formulated product Ginger Gold Mac Golden Del. per 100 gal 2 Jun 9 Aug 6 Jun 5 Oct 1. Control b 20.8 * v 7.3 b 3.6 * v 2. Manate 1 lb (2 reps) * v 5.3 * v 0.0 * v 0.0 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a a 0.4 a 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a a 0.4 a 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a a 0.0 a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a a 0.0 a 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a a 0.0 a 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o a a 0.0 a 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a a 0.0 a 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a a 0.4 a 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a a 0.0 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet a a 0.4 a 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a a 0.0 a P-values for treatments...< ns < ns For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From all from all fruitlets in 15 clusters/tree From 60 fruit/tree (McIntosh) or 75 fruit/tree (Ginger Gold). Protected LSD test. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers or lack of fruit on some trees. Several of the Ginger Gold and Golden Delicious control trees had no fruit at harvest because severe rust infections caused premature fruit drop. Comments: All of the treatments provided fairl good protection against quince rust. The incidence of quince rust on Ginger Gold at harvest on 9 Aug as somehat higher in the Agion treatments than ould be commerciall acceptable, but treatment means ere not significantl different due to relativel high variabilit among replicates ithin treatments.

33 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 33 Pond Block Table 9. Effects of treatments on percentages of Ginger Gold fruit ith flspeck or soot blotch. Ginger Gold fruit (%) affected Material and rate of at harvest 9 Aug After incubation for 14 das at 100% RH formulated product Fl- Soot Fl- Soot Out of grade per 100 gal speck blotch speck blotch for SBFS 1. Control * v 36.7 * v 42.2 * v 77.3 * v 43.7 * v 2. Manate 1 lb (1 rep) * v 5.3 * v 33.8 * v 82.4 * v 55.4 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal bc 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal c 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o n.d. u n.d. n.d. 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil n.d. n.d. n.d. 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o n.d. n.d. n.d. 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o ab 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb ab 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet ab 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a P -values for treatments For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From 75 fruit/tree. Fruit ere incubated for 14 das at 70 F and 100% relative humidit to allo incubating infections present at harvest to develop visible signs on fruit surfaces. Fruit that ere out of grade had SBFS infections that ould have precluded them from the USDA Etra Fanc grade. Protected LSD test. Where no letter separations are shon, there ere no differences among treatments. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers or lack of fruit on some trees. Several of the Ginger Gold control trees had no fruit at harvest because severe rust infections caused premature fruit drop. u n.d. = no data available: Fruit from this treatment ere not incubated after harvest evaluations ere completed. Comments: Ecept for Trts 2-3-4, all of the plots received cover spras of Topsin M plus Captan on 15 Jun, 27 Jun, and 11 and 27 Jul (the latter being the last spra before Ginger Gold fruit ere harvested). Thus, ecept for Trts 2-3-4, all of the differences in incidence of soot blotch and flspeck among treatments are attributable to effects of the petal fall and first cover spras. On Ginger Gold, there ere no differences among Trts for an of the variables in this table. Although e did not have enough trees ith fruit to include them in the analsis, the controls that ere left unspraed until 15 Jun (Trt 1) had a much higher numerical incidence of SBFS and more fruit out of grade than an of the treatments that received the Topsin-Captan cover spras through summer. Thus, it appears that the fungicides applied at petal fall and first cover in Trts plaed a significant role in reducing the incidence and severit of SBFS at harvest. The Agion treatments (Trts 3 and 4) ere applied to Ginger Gold trees on 27 Jul hereas no fungicide as applied to the single tree treated ith Manate (Trt 2). Trees treated ith Agion E had more SBFS than other treatments that received a full-season summer program of Topsin-Captan, but Agion A provided control equivalent to other fungicide programs, and considerabl better control than observed in the single tree in Trt 2 here the last spra before harvest as omitted. Thus, Agion ma have some activit against SBFS, but it is also possible that groth and/or visibilit of SBFS on fruit from the Agion treatments as limited due to the severe fruit russetting that Agion caused.

34 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 34 Pond Block Table 10. Effects of treatments on percentages of McIntosh and Golden Delicious fruit ith soot blotch or flspeck. Material and rate of Mac fruit on 6 Sep Golden Delicious fruit on 5 Oct formulated product Soot Fl- Soot Out of grade per 100 gal Flspeck blotch speck blotch for SBFS 1. Control d 82.0 c 41.9 * v 89.5 * v 22.3 * v 2. Manate 1 lb (2 reps) * v 70.8 * v 71.7 * v 93.3 * v 38.3 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal cd 73.4 c 53.0 a 60.4 a 21.0 a 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal d 87.9 c 50.0 a 52.1 a 20.4 a 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o bc 35.2 ab 52.5 a 65.4 a 22.1 a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o ab 32.8 ab 36.3 a 50.4 a 5.4 a 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil bc 35.2 ab 39.2 a 44.6 a 13.3 a 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o ab 31.9 ab 35.7 a 75.5 a 16.2 a 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o ab 35.4 ab 42.1 a 65.8 a 11.3 a 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a 27.9 ab 42.1 a 72.1 a 19.6 a 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet b 23.6 a 40.7 a 57.0 a 10.4 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet bc 24.2 ab 62.5 a 70.0 a 31.7 a 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb ab 45.0 b 43.2 a 60.3 a 22.5 a P -values for treatments... <0.001 < For details of application dates and rates, see page 13. From 60 fruit/tree. Fruit that ere out of grade had SBFS infections that ould have precluded them from the USDA Etra Fanc grade. Protected LSD test. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers or lack of fruit on some trees. Several of the Golden Delicious control trees had no fruit at harvest because severe rust infections caused premature fruit drop. Comments: Ecept for Trts 2-3-4, all of the plots received cover spras of Topsin M plus Captan on 15 Jun, 27 Jun, and 11 and 27 Jul, 18 Aug to Macs and Golden Delicious, and 10 Sep to Golden Delicious onl. Thus, ecept for Trts , all of the differences among treatments are attributable to effects of the petal fall and first cover spras on development of SBFS. See comments on Table 9 for additional info on Agion comparisons. None of the treatments provided good control of SBFS in this block. We suspect that most of the SBFS infections occurred beteen 12 and 18 Aug because SBFS as almost completel controlled on Golden Delicious fruit in the M.9 block that ere spraed on a schedule similar to that used for this block ecept that the M.9 block received an additional spra on 12 Aug. (See the eather/spra date table on pages 3-8 and the data from the M.9 block on pages for details). The to test blocks also differ in other aspects that might affect SBFS in that the M.9 block has less hedgero perimeter that might harbor SBFS inoculum and is located at the top of the hill ith better air drainage. Nevertheless, the huge differences beteen SBFS incidence in these to blocks is probabl most attributable to the 21-da spra interval ith > 5 inches of rainfall that occurred beteen 28 Jul and 17 Aug. The long spra interval occurred because eather conditions beteen 6 and 16 Aug ere not conducive for appling treatments because e needed at least a 4-hr indo to get all of the treatments applied. Disease control in Trts as probabl largel due to the high rate of Manate that as applied in these treatments at first cover on 26 Ma and therefore cannot be attributed to the other products in these spra programs. Agion (trts 3-4) as eaker than other fungicides against soot blotch on Mac fruit, but there ere fe if an other treatment effects of interest.

35 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 35 Pond Block Table 11. Effects of treatments on fruit finish and disease incidence on Ginger Gold fruit at harvest and after incubation. Material and rate of Ginger Gold 9 Aug: Ginger Gold after incubation formulated product finish Bitter Bl/ht Bitter Bl/ht Soft per 100 gal rating rot rot rot rot rots 1. Control * u 0.0 * u 0.0 * v 3.2 * u 3.2 * u 5.3 * u 2. Manate 1 lb (2 reps) * u 0.0 * u 1.3 * v 2.7 * u 0.0 * u 4.1 * u 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal b v 4.5 b c c 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal c 1.8 bc b bc 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 0.3 a a a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 1.0 ab 3.0 n.d. n.d. n.d. 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a 0.0 a 0.9 n.d. n.d. n.d. 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o a 0.0 a 0.3 n.d. n.d. n.d. 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a 0.3 a a ab 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a 0.0 a a ab 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 0.0 a ab bc 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet a 0.4 a ab bc 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 0.3 a ab bc P -values for treatments...< ns ns For details of application dates and rates, see page 13 and the comments under Table 9. From 75 fruit/tree. Fruit finish as rated on a scale of 1 to 5 here 1 = a smooth finish, 2 = raised lenticels, and 3 to 5 represent increasingl severe russetting. Fruit rated 3 or higher ould not be acceptable for USDA Etra Fanc grade. Soft rots could not be identified based on smptoms. Isolations from a fe fruit shoed soft rots ere caused b Botrosphaeria obtusa (black rot) and Phomopsis. v Protected LSD test. u This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers or lack of fruit on some trees. Several of the Ginger Gold control trees had no fruit at harvest because severe rust infections caused premature fruit drop. Comments: Agion treatments caused significant russetting even on Ginger Gold, a cultivar that is usuall relativel free of russet. The Agion treatments also had more bitter rot than most of the other treatments, perhaps because the russet on the fruit surface provided more entr points for the bitter rot pathogen.

36 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 36 Pond Block Table 12. Effects of treatments on fruit finish and fruit rots on McIntosh and Golden Delicious at the time of harvest. % fruit affected McIntosh harvested 6 Sep Golden Delicious harvested 6 Sep Material and rate of Out of Out of formulated product grade from Bitter Blk/ht grade from Bitter Blk/ht per 100 gal russet rot rot russet rot rot 1. Control b * v 10.5 * v 62.4 * v 2. Manate 1 lb (2 reps/ no analsis) * v 4.2 * v 2.5 * v 0.0 * v 1.7 * v 15.8 * v 3. Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal c d 6.3 cd 31.7 d 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal c e 12.9 d 34.6 d 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a abc 1.3 ab 9.2 ab 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a bc 0.8 ab 10.0 bc 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a abc 5.4 bc 28.8 cd 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o a a 0.0 a 3.7 ab 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a ab 1.3 ab 5.8 ab 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a a 0.8 ab 8.3 ab 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a c 0.0 a 1.6 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet a c 1.7 ab 14.6 bc 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a ab 1.7 ab 6.7 ab P-values for treatments... < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 For details of application dates and rates, see page 13 and the comments under Table 9. From 60 fruit/tree. Fruit finish as rated on a scale of 1 to 5 here 1 = a smooth finish, 2 = raised lenticels, and 3 to 5 represent increasingl severe russetting. Fruit rated 3 or higher ould not be acceptable for USDA Etra Fanc grade. Protected LSD test. Where no letter separations are shon, there ere no differences among treatment means. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers or lack of fruit on some trees. Several of the Golden Delicious control trees had no fruit at harvest because severe rust infections caused premature fruit drop. Comments: The Agion treatments caused severe fruit russetting in both cultivars and alloed a fairl high incidence of fruit decas on Golden Delicious. The high incidence of black/hite rots ma have occurred because these decas are often more abundant here fruit ere injured slightl earl in the season (as ould be the case for fruit ith high levels of russet). The treatment involving Fontelis plus oil (Trt 7) had more black/hite rot deca than Fontelis used alone on a slightl different schedule (trt 5). On Golden Delicious, the Merivon treatments resulted in more fruit russet on Golden Delicious than an of the three treatments involving Luna Sensation. The Silet used ith the Merivon treatment ma have contributed to fruit russetting since other surfactants have had this effect in previous trials. The loer rate of Merivon provided better control of black/hite rots on Golden Delicious than the higher rate.

37 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 37 Pond Block Table 13. Effects of treatments on percentages of disease-free fruit. Material and rate of % fruitlets/fruit ith no disease formulated product McIntosh Ginger Gold Golden Delicious per 100 gal 6 Jun 6 Sep 2 Jun 9 Aug 5 Oct 1. Control c 2.4 b 24.4 b 17.9 * v Manate 1 lb (2 reps/ no analsis) * v 7.5 * v * v 76.0 * v Agion A 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal a 12.9 b 90.6 a 66.2 d 19.7 a 4. Agion E 5.26 gal // 2.63 gal b 5.6 b 92.1 a 69.7 d 21.7 a 5. M+Vgd 3// Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 37.7 a 96.7 a 85.0 bc 23.8 a 6. M+Vgd 2 // Fontelis 6.55 fl o a 40.4 a 84.6 a 79.7 cd 31.3 a 7. M+Vgd 2// Font oil a 33.7 a 99.4 a 85.7 bc 26.3 a 8. M+Vgd 2// Luna Sens 1.67 fl o a 49.2 a 97.3 a 89.7 bc 22.4 a 9. Luna Sensation 1.33 fl o a 45.0 a 97.7 a 93.7 ab 25.0 a 10. Luna Sens fl o + Mt 1 lb a 55.1 a 99.4 a 89.8 bc 21.7 a 11. Merivon 1.33 fl o + Silet a 43.9 a 99.3 a 90.8 bc 34.0 a 12. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Silet a 40.9 a 98.1 a 79.2 cd 17.5 a 13. Rall 2 o + Manate 1 lb a 35.4 a 99.4 a 98.0 a 31.4 a P-values for treatments... <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < ns For details of application dates and rates, see page 13 and the comments at the bottom of Table 9. From all from all fruitlets in 15 clusters/tree From 60 fruit/tree (McIntosh and Golden Delicious) or 75 fruit/tree (Ginger Gold). Protected LSD test. v This treatment as not included in the statistical analsis due to lack of adequate tree numbers or lack of fruit on some trees. Several of the Ginger Gold and Golden Delicious control trees had no fruit at harvest because severe rust infections caused premature fruit drop. Comments: Fruit rated as having no disease ere free of scab, rust diseases, SBFS, and summer fruit rots. Hoever, fruit that ere severel russetted ere still counted as disease-free if the shon none of the aforementioned diseases. The lo proportion of disease-free McIntosh and Golden Delicious fruit at harvest as largel attributable to the high incidence of SBFS that developed on fruit in this block.

38 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 38 N40 Block N-40 Block: Orchard background and eperimental design: The orchard as planted 3 Ma 2001 ith tree ros planted on slight berms due to limited topsoil depth on this site. Each 3-tree plot consists of one tree of Honecrisp on M.9 rootstock ith MM.111 interstems, one Cameo tree on Bud.9 rootstock, and one Roal Court tree (a strain of Cortland) on M.9 rootstock ith MM.111 interstems. The Honecrisp trees in this block ere top-orked to a different strain of Honecrisp in 2009 and therefore had onl limited numbers of fruit this ear. We spraed the Honecrisp trees along ith the other to cultivars, but did not plan to take data from them until e noted ho much fruit deca had developed later in summer. Trees are 8 ft apart ithin plots ith 24 ft beteen ros. Plots ithin ros are separated b 15 ft, ith a cedar tree planted in the middle of that space. Cedar trees suppl rust inoculum and limit spra drift beteen plots ithin ros. Treatments ere applied in a randomied complete block design ith four replicate plots for each treatment. Test cultivars in the block and data-gathering strateg as as follos: Cortland (Roal Court strain) is good for evaluating scab, quince rust, milde, frog-ee leaf spot, black rot fruit deca, soot blotch & flspeck (SBFS). Even ith good thinning, man fruit are produced in clusters of to, and keeping SBFS off of the contacting surfaces of the fruit is difficult. Cameo is good for evaluating scab, quince rust, black rot fruit deca, soot blotch & flspeck. This cultivar does not mature until earl October, so it provides a good test of residual activit of fungicides against SBFS and summer fruit rots during the relativel long interval beteen the last spra and harvest, and under the (usuall) cooler conditions that prevail before late-season cultivars are harvested. Honecrisp is good for evaluating rust diseases and black and bitter rot fruit decas. Comments on seasonal development, spra-timing rationale and impacts of that timing: A fe scab infections ma have occurred during the 3 rd potential infection period that occurred Apr, and lesions from those infections shoed up on Jersemac trees in other blocks b 6 Ma. Hoever, there ere ver fe infections from this period, and the first reall significant scab infection period as Apr hen trees ere at earl tight cluster. As usual, hen the first major scab infection period is delaed until tight cluster, scab pressure is relativel light for the season. Our objective as to appl earl-season spras on a 7-da interval as might be required for sulfur-based programs and for programs ith protectant fungicides. The spra interval beteen 27 Ma and 14 Jun as purposel lengthened because of dr eather during that interval. The 21-da spra interval beteen 11 Jul and 17 Aug occurred because ork and eather conflicts after 11 Aug prevented us from recovering these plots until 17 Aug. As a result, plots ere eposed to 5.05 inches of rainfall during this interval and this ma account for the high incidence of summer diseases on fruit at harvest. Tables included in this report: Table 1. Fungicides, formulations, rates, and spra dates used in this trial. Table 2. Effects of earl-season treatments on the incidence of apple scab (Trts 1-8 onl). Table 3. Effects of earl-season treatments on rust-related leaf disorders on Roal Court based on leaf counts (Trts 1-8). Table 4. Effects of earl-season treatments on poder milde, visual ratings for leaf damage on 1 Jun, and percentage of Roal Count leaves that had no disease or damage hen rated on 24 Jun (Trts 1-8 onl). Table 5. Effects of earl-season treatments on rust diseases on leaves (Trts 1-8 onl). Table 6. Effects of earl-season treatments on cedar apple rust on fruit (Trts 1-8 onl). Table 7. Effects of earl-season treatments on quince rust on fruit (Trts 1-8 onl). Table 8. Effects of earl-season treatments on rust-related leaf disorders on Cameo (Trts 1-8 onl). Table 9. Effects of earl-season treatments on disease-incidence on Cameo fruit rated on 2 Sep (Trts 1-8 onl). Table 10. Effects of treatments on Honecrisp fruit rots rated on 23 August (Trts 1-14). Table 11. Effects of treatments on incidence of flspeck (Trts 1-14). Table 12. Effects of treatments on incidence of soot blotch (Trts 1-14). Table 13. Effects of treatments on severit of soot blotch and flspeck (SBFS) (Trts 1-14). Table 14. Effects of treatments on the incidence of fruit ith summer fruit decas (Trts 1-14). Table 15. Effects of treatments on percentages of fruit ith no disease at harvest (Trts 1-14).

39 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 39 N40 Block Table 1. Fungicides, formulations, rates, and spra dates used in this trial. Treatment and rate of formulated 4/15 4/22 5/2 5/13 5/20 5/27 6/14 6/27 7/11 7/28 8/17 8/31 9/14 product per 100 gal of dilute spra GT TC PK BL PF 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C 1. Control Microthiol Disperss 80WG 1.2 lb... X X X X X X Millers Lime-Sulfur Sol'n 29% 1.33 qt X X X X X X X 3. Organic 4.32 lb... X X X X X X X X X X X X X 4. Penncoeb 75DF 1 lb/... X X X X X X TC TC TC TC TC TC TC Microthiol Disperss 1.2 lb X X X X 5. IKF SC 2.33 fl o... X X X X X X X X X X X X X 6. IKF fl o... X X X X X X X X X X X X X 7. IKF fl o... X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8. BAS SC 1.53 fl o + Slgard SL 3.84 fl o... P v RP u RP RP RP RP X X X X X X X 9. Merivon 500SC 1.33 fl o + Slgard fl o... P RP RP RP RP RP X X X X X X X 10. Merivon 1.83 fl o + Slgrd 3.84 fl o.. P RP RP RP RP RP X X X X X X X 11. Pristine 38WG 4.83 o + Slgard fl o... P RP RP RP RP RP X X X X X X X 12. Luna Sensation 500SC 1.33 fl o... P RP RP RP RP X X TC TC TC TC/ t X X 13. Luna Sensation 2.0 fl o... P RP RP RP RP X X TC TC TC TC/ t X X 14. Rall 40WSB 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb...p RP RP RP RP RP TC TC TC TC TC/Pr s Pristine 4.83 o X X Spras ere applied to drip ith a handgun. Rates per 100 gal of dilute spra are equal to 1/3 rd of the rate/a. Product formulations are shon ith the first mention of the product in this table, but are not shon thereafter. The 14 Sept application as to Cameo onl because the Roal Court had alread been harvested. X= product listed in the first column as applied. v P= Penncoeb 1 lb/100 as applied alone. TC= Topsin 3 o/100 gal plus Captan 80W 1 lb/100 gal. u RP= Rall 2 o/100 gal plus Penncoeb 1 lb/100 gal. t TC/ = Topsin plus Captan as applied to Honecrisp and Cameo trees hereas the product listed in the first column as applied to Roal Court trees as the 30-da preharvest spra. s TC/Pr = Topsin plus Captan as applied to Cameo trees; Pristine 4.83o/100 gal as applied to Roal Court trees. NOTES: The rate of Microthiol Disperss that as used in Trt 2 is loer than e ould normall use to control scab and rust, but it as used here to match the amount of sulfur that as included in the Organic product tested in Trt 3. The rate of liquid-lime sulfur (LLS) used in Trt 2 is based on some of our previous ork and represents a compromise beteen using higher rates for more effective control of SBFS and using loer rates so as to diminish injur that apparentl promotes development of black rot on trees that are treated ith LLS during summer. Organic (Trt 3) is a proprietar mi of sulfur and ucca etract. Microthiol Disperss as included in the Penncoeb standard (Trt 4) to suppress milde. In Trts 12-13, the objective as to appl Luna Sensation in earl cover spras and again at 4 eeks and to eeks prior to harvest to determine ho those spras might impact development of SBFS and fruit rots. Hoever, because Roal Court is harvested much earlier than Cameo, the treatments applied on 17 Aug varied b cultivar, ith Honecrisp and Cameo getting another summer cover spra of Topsin + Captan hile Roal Court received the 4-k preharvest spra of Luna Sensation. Trt 14 represents a standard Rall-mancoeb program for earl-season diseases folloed b a standard summer program that ends ith Pristine applied at 4 eeks and 2 eeks before harvest to match the application timing used for Trts Pristine in Trt 14 as applied ithout Slgard and therefore ma also provide a comparison to the residual activit of Pristine ith Slgard as applied in Trt 11.

40 1 November 2011 Rosenberger et al., Highland, NY, Final Report Page 40 N40 Block Table 2. Effects of earl-season treatments on the incidence of apple scab. Cluster lvs (%) Terminal lvs (%) Fruit ith scab (%) Fungicides and rates of Roal Roal Roal formulated product Court Cameo Court Cameo Court Cameo Cameo per 100 gal 2 Jun 9 Jun 24 Jun 5 Jul 13 Sep 2 Sep 30 Sep 1. Control c 16.6 c 43.8 c 69.3 d 70.0 d 51.2 c 2. Microthiol Disperss 1.2 lb// LLS 1.3 qt b 5.3 b 17.1 b 24.5 c 47.0 cd 36.3 bc 3. Organic 4.32 lb ab 7.5 b 19.5 b 34.0 c 36.2 bc 23.9 b 4. Penncoeb 1 lb/microthiol Disp 1.2 lb ab 1.3 a 4.2 a 3.6 ab 8.0 a 0.8 a 5. IKF fl o ab 1.7 a 4.4 a 1.4 a 6.0 a 2.3 a 6. IKF fl o a 1.4 a 2.6 a 2.7 ab 15.0 ab 2.3 a 7. IKF fl o a 1.4 a 2.8 a 7.3 b 4.0 a 4.0 a 8. Rall 2 o + Penncoeb 1 lb ab 2.0 a 3.6 a 5.7 ab 4.0 a 2.0 a P-values ns <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 For details of application dates and rates, see Table 1. From all leaves on 15 spurs or 15 terminals/tree From on-tree observations of 40 fruit Cameo fruit per tree on 2 Sep and evaluations of 60 arbitraril selected fruit per tree that ere harvested 13 Sep (Roal Court) or on 30 Sep (Cameo). The on-tree evaluations ere made on 2 Sep because some treatments ere epected to lose (via preharvest drop) large numbers of fruit that had developed summer fruit rots. The incidence of scab on fruit at harvest on 30 Sep as loer than for the 2 Sep assessment because severel diseased fruit had alread dropped from the tree. Protected LSD test. The arc-sine transformation as used for statistical analses, but arithmetic means are shon. Comments on Table 2: Neither of the potential organic treatments (Trts 2-3) provided adequate control of scab on fruit. The rate of sulfur in Trt 2 as too lo, and the other ingredients that are mied ith that same rate of sulfur in Trt 3 ere not effective for the treatment interval that as used in this trial. The 7-da interval prior to the 20 Ma application ma have been especiall problematic because 2.78 inches of rain fell during that interval and sulfur should have been re-applied after the first inch of rain. The IKF treatments ere just as effective against scab as the contact fungicide standard (Trt 4) and the SI-mancoeb standard (Trt 8). Hoever, ere unable to detect an effect of increasing rates ith the IKF fungicide. Photos of diseases and smptoms evaluated and reported on Tables 3 and 4: A B C D A. Necrotic leaf spot on Roal Court, ith fruitlet mumm that provided the inoculum shon in upper right corner. B. Severe rust-induced leaf elloing on Roal Court, ith moderate leaf burn at the bottom of the leaf. C. Severe leaf burn on Roal Court, illustrating the injur that sometimes develops on leaves like the one shon in Fig B. D. Rust lesions on Cameo in the same plot as the Roal Court leaf shon in photo B. Cameo, a rust-susceptible cultivar, develops normal rust lesions hereas Roal Court does not.