Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
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1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy G. A. Nagana Gowda Northwest Metabolomics Research Center University of Washington, Seattle, WA 1D NMR Blood Based Metabolomics Histidine Histidine Formate Tyrosine Tyrosine Metabolites and -Glucose Lactate CPMG Lactate Threonine Choline Glutamate Acetate Glutamine Acetone Creatinine Alanine Ethanol Valine Leucine ppm Protein + Metabolites NOESYPR ppm 1
2 Limitations of Intact Blood serum/plasma Analysis Histidine Histidine Formate Tyrosine Tyrosine Metabolites and -Glucose Lactate CPMG Threonine Lactate Choline Glutamate Acetate Glutamine Acetone Creatinine Alanine Ethanol Valine Leucine Far fewer number of metabolites ~ 30 or less Suppression or attenuation of metabolite peaks due to protein binding Human serum/plasma NMR Alternative Blood Analysis Methods Precipitation Ultrafiltration 2
3 Expanding the Limits of Human Blood Metabolite Quantitation Using NMR Comparison of Blood Metabolite Analysis Methods Precipitation Formate 3-Methylhistidine Histidine 1-Methylhistidine Uridine Benzoate Tryptophan Phenylalanine Tryptophan Histidine Tyrosine 1-Methylhistidine Tyrosine (c) Ultrafiltration (b) CPMG (a) ppm Anal Chem Jun 3;86(11): Suppression: Physically removing large molecules Metabolites Extraction using protein precipitation: Add methanol 2:1 Precipitate protein Centrifuge, remove protein precipitate Dry the supernatant and reconstitute in water Filtration using molecular weight cut-off filters (3kDa) Extracted samples can be used for both MS and NMR analyses Anal Chem Jan 6;87(1):
4 Identification and Quantitation of Blood Metabolites Nearly 70 metabolites identified and quantitated in human blood plasma Anal Chem Jan 6;87(1): Whole Blood Metabolomics using NMR ATP ADP ATP/ ADP/ AMP AMP NADH NADPH NADH/NADPH NADH NADPH ATP ADP Nearly 80 metabolites identified and quantitated in whole human blood AMP NADPH NADH Anal Chem Apr 18;89(8):
5 22 2:1 MeOH:Serum 20 3:1 MeOH:Serum :1 MeOH:Serum :1 ACN:Serum 3:1 ACN:Serum 4:1 ACN:Serum Blood metabolites extraction : Choice of solvent Concentration (um) Acetonitrile not good for protein precipitation Anal Chem Jan 6;87(1): Coenzymes and Antioxidants Analysis in Tissue in one step ppm AMP ATP ATP/ ADP ADP/ AMP NADH NADPH NADH/NADPH NADH NADPH ppm Many coenzymes are unstable Challenging for MS AMP ATP ADP NADH NADPH Anal Chem May 3;88(9): ppm 5
6 AMP ATP Simultaneous Analysis of Coenzymes NADH NADPH ng/mg tissue Mice hearts n= ppm 0 Sensitivity to Harvesting/Extraction Mouse Heart AMP ADP (d) ATP NADH NADPH MeOH-Water (c) MeOH-CHCl 3, in vivo (b) ATP MeOH-CHCl 3, perfusi (a) AMP NADH NADPH ppm MeOH-CHCl 3 6
7 Urine NMR: Sample Preparation Urine - Intact samples No preparation required except adding buffer to stabilize ph About 0.1% NaN 3 added to prevent bacterial growth NATURE PROTOCOLS, 2(11), (2007) More number of metabolites detected by NMR than MS September 2013 Volume 8 Issue 9 e
8 Preparation of Cells and Tissue for NMR Magic angle spinning for intact cells and tissue samples 54.7 o Magic Angle Nuclei interact with other nuclei within the molecule and between molecules Short Chain Fatty Acids Analysis using 1H NMR Formate Acetate Butyrate Propionate Pentatonic acid Hexanoic acid Succinate Fumarate 8
9 Metabolite identification in salty samples (3% salt) 1 H NMR at 800 MHz Formate Beta-hydroxybutyrate lactate Glycerol Acetate ppm Distinguishing Isomeric Compounds : 13 C NMR Conjugated Linoleic acid (CLA) 9
10 NMR of isolated organs Mouse heart 31 P NMR J Vis Exp. 2010; (42): NMR of rodents 10
11 NMR of Animals 1 H NMR NMR of Humans Imaging Angiography 31 P NMR Functional Imaging 11
12 NMR Data Pre Processing Sample Preparation Thaw frozen sample (1) Intact sample- Use directly for NMR (2) Processed sample- ultrafiltration, protein precipitation (drying) (3) Mix/dissolve with D 2 O solvent/buffer (TSP/DSS) (4) Run NMR Raw data: FID (free induction decay) 1 H NMR 13 C NMR 31 P NMR etc. 12
13 Apply window function Smoothening or resolution enhancement exponential gausssian sine squared sine etc FT (Fourier transformation) 13
14 Phase correction: After Baseline correction: Before 14
15 Baseline correction: After calibration (peak alignment): Before 15
16 calibration (peak alignment): After Binning 16
17 Peak integration relative quantitation Absolute quantitation 17
18 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed /anie
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