2016 Pass NPLEX Chris Habib

Transcription

1 Lecture 8: Diets Lecture 9: Macronutrients and Amino Acids Lecture 10: Vitamins and Minerals Lecture 11: Accessory Nutrients Indication CI Interaction Depleted by Food source Dose Daily requirement 4 This is mostly a refresher! ALA, EPA, DHA Deficiency: dermatology, CVD Toxicity: Vit A Cod Liver Image: Fitnessrezepte.net Used in: Atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, immune, mental health, diabetes, etc. Food sources: FISH 5 6

2 GLA is most common therapeutic one Not as useful as omega-3 (when in doubt pick omega-3) Used in: allergies, RA, asthma Food: evening primrose, borage, veggies Oleic acid Used: atherosclerosis, decreases BP/cholesterol Food: olive oil, peanuts, avocado, almonds 7 8 Required 20g daily Bad bad bad Toxicity: Increased CVD, colon cancer Food: Animal products Causes: atherosclerosis and other baddies Food: Hydrogenated oils, processed foods Image: SortingExpert 9 10 Lower requirement if getting enough complex carbs 300g (60-70% calories very generally) Toxicity: Diabetes, PMS, poor immune, dental problems Used (not really): Honey on wounds, dextrose for IV fluid stabilization Toxicity: obesity, CVD Used: Blood sugar reg, hypoglycemia Food: grains, fruits, vegs 11 12

3 Soluble fiber absorbs water, turns it gel-like Used: CVD, diabetes, obesity, IBS, GI Food: oatmeal, nuts, beans, apples Insoluble fiber doesn t absorb water, moves through body slowing digestion and makes stool softer and easier to pass Used: Weight loss, digestive functions Food: seeds, fruit skins, whole-wheat bread, brown rice More health functions that water-insoluble If you want to know which proteins are essential, who do you ask? Private Tim Hall PVT TIM HLL Remember NOT proline, NOT tyrosine Pros don t get Tyred Kwashiorkor Hypoalbumin, edema, hepatosplenomegaly vs Marasmus (protein AND calorie def) Diarrhea, hunger, muscle/fat wasting 50g or 0.8g/kg/d Image: Madboy Promotes urolithiasis Burden on kidneys Possibly increased risk of CVD Know the one major use for random ones For the ones used commonly, know more Used: pregnancy, pre-eclampsia Nephrotic syndrome/renal failure: LOW protein diet to decrease burden (Nephrotic syndrome = proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema) 17 18

4 ARG! The pirate will go have some sex! Wound healing, releases insulin GABA precursor Male infertility (spermatogenesis) Immune stimulation Avoid in herpes Anemia (found in hemoglobin) RA Allergies Image: Howcheng MUSCLE STRENGTH, endurance, muscle stamina BCAA levels are significantly decreased by insulin. Translation: High dietary sugar or glucose intake causes release of insulin, which, in turn, causes a drop in BCAA levels. Therefore, right before exercise, it is not wise to ingest foods high in glucose or other sugars, as the BCAA's, including Isoleucine will not be readily available to muscles. Herpes Simplex Virus Lysine lyses herpes inhibits viral growth Forms collagen, connective tissue Lowers triglycerides Food: meat, milk, fish, animal foods Image: User:Infinity Met: Reduce cholesterol, antioxidant, detox, helps with hair skin nails due to sulfur Precursor for a number of items (carnitine, melatonin, choline) SAMe: alcoholism, OA, depression, arthritis Precursor to thyroxine. Enhance mood, thought, concentration, memory Suppress appetite Anti-depressant CI in Phenylketonuria (PKU) Genetic dz can t transform Phe to Tyr, causes mental retardation, treatment is low Phe diet Used in: Parkinson, depression, other brain conditions possibly 23 24

5 BRAIN Epilepsy, depression (based on trials), MS, alcoholism, ALS Detox 5-HTP Depression, Insomnia, Pain, anxiety, migraines Precursor to serotonin, requires B6 (P5P) to be converted Just be aware that an NPLEX style safety question may prompt you to avoid giving 5-HTP to someone who is taking SSRI s. Depends on how question is asked. Image: Gengiskanhg Energy for MUSCLES, part of connective tissue Prostate (BPH) 2 Amino acids interconvertible Excitatory other one is glutamic acid Liver protective Immune function Asparagine: Increase endurance, help with fatigue, detox Cysteine, NAC ANTIOXIDANT Skin growth/repair, hair ingredient Cysteine: cataract, heavy metals, detox NAC: AIDS, asthma, bronchitis, CF, detox Precursor to glutamine and GABA Excitatory neurotransmitter (excess can cause cell damage, thought to be how strokes damage brain cells) Stop alcohol/sugar craving Increase energy 29 30

6 Ulcer, leaky gut (IHP), IBS, IBD, immune. Precursor to GABA Highest blood concentration of all amino acids Schizophrenia, panic, anxiety Glucagon production, helps with glycogen metabolism. CI: Antipsychotic meds (clozapine) Image: Nephron Cartilage, health of joints, tendons, ligaments Heart muscle function Critical in blood sugar level maintenance Boosts immunity (antibodies) Myelin Sheath (good for MS possibly) Stabilizes cell membranes (could help with epilepsy), anti-convulsant HEART has highest concentration Cardiomyopathy, CHF, hypertension Food for heart Precursor to: serotonin, thyroxine, L-dopa Requires B6 as P5P to convert to norepinephrine Hypothyroidism, Parkinson s, depression Image: Busca tu equilibrio 35 36

7 Lecture 8: Diets Lecture 9: Macronutrients and Amino Acids Lecture 10: Vitamins and Minerals Lecture 11: Accessory Nutrients