Benefits of feed additives beyond growth related performance

Transcription

1 Benefits of feed additives beyond growth related performance AJAY AWATI 23 October, 2013 Brussels, Belgium

2 Success and Success criteria for Animal production: Before 2000 AD After 2000 AD Year /14/2013 2

3 Success criteria..before 2000AD Improved Animal performance FE Or FCR ADG SBW ADG: average daily gain g/d; SBW: Slaughter Body weight; FE: feed efficiency; FCR: feed conversion ratio 3

4 Improvement in growth rate 93g/d 26g/d 33g/d 42g/d 10g/d /14/ Based on Rauw 1998 and Ross info

5 Improvement in Slaughter weight 1.68 Kg Kg 1.98 Kg 2.19 Kg Kg /14/ Based on Rauw 1998 and Ross info

6 Improvement in Feed Conversion Ratio 2.5 Kg 2.1 Kg 2.04 Kg 1.92 Kg 1.72 Kg Amount of feed required for 1Kg weight gain 6/14/ Based on Rauw 1998 and Ross info

7 Animal production: before and after 2000AD Otte et al.,

8 Was Animal production successful before 2000AD? Yes..positively very successful!! 8

9 Success criteria for animal farming..now Improved Animal performance FE Or FCR ADG SBW Animal Welfare Variation in SBW Animal Health Quality of animal product Public Health Environment Good news is we understand and we can do something about it nutritionally 9

10 Compromised Gut health affects animal performance X Decreased nutrient digestibility in chickens with microbial overgrowth in small intestine(smits 1996) X Non specific stimulation of immune response IgA secreted across the GIT accounts for >70% of total antibody production (Macpherson and Uhr, 2004) X Increased absorptive cell turnover and mucus production In chickens, gut metabolism accounts for 20-36% of the whole body energy expenditure, which is mainly due to cell turnover (Cant et al 1996) 6/14/

11 Animal Health and Public Health Gastro-intestinal Pathogens e.g. E.coli, Clostridia, Salmonella In feed antibiotics Increased antibiotic resistance Ban in EU and some other countries Threat to public health Further increase in therapeutic antibiotics use 6/14/

12 Quality of animal products and public health Campylobacter infection Salmonella infection Commensal in poultry E.coli infection Does not cause any infection, But serious threat to human health 6/14/

13 Animal Welfare Gastrointestinal microbes e.g. Staphylococcus spp. Clostridium spp. Foot pad lesions in broilers Microbial activity Higher protein fermentation -leading to higher ammonia in excreta 6/14/

14 Environment Ammonia Emission Phosphorus Utilization Odour Emission 6/14/

15 What can we do about it? Challenge -Improved immune response - Protection against stress effects Challenge -Digestibility improvement - Increased use of unconventional feed sources Challenge -Microbial balance - Well directed microbial activity Possibilities -Betaine - Essential Oils Possibilities -Enzymes Possibilities -Direct Fed Microbials -Essential Oils -Organic acids -Prebiotics -Enzymes 6/14/

16 How about feed additives and challenges? Betaine DFM Organic acids Herbal Extracts Essential oils Prebiotics Betaine DFM Herbal Extracts Essential oils Betaine DFM Organic acids Herbal Extracts Essential oils Prebiotics Enzymes DFM Organic acids Prebiotics Enzymes Animal Health & Welfare Quality of animal products Public Health (AMGP alternative) Environment Interesting stories for today Enzymes: Alternative to AMGPs DFM: Quality of animal products 6/14/

17 Enzymes as an alternative to AMGP 6/14/

18 Conventional Germ-free Oral Injected New Old Response Relative to Control When, how and why AMGPs work? Control Antibiotic - AMGPs work more effectively in gut - AMGPs work more effectively under stress Animals Mode of Administration Facilities Anderson, 1999

19 Stress and gut microflora Intestinal motility is affected Stress Favourable conditions for microbiota in small intestine Microbial Overgrowth Enzyme production is affected

20 NSP contents in diet contribute further to the problem Animal diets contain Cereals Soluble NSP levels are high unconventional cheap ingredients with high NSP contents Barley Corn Oats Rye Wheat Wheat bran Concentration of soluble NSPs g/kg DM Bach Knudsen, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67:

21 Soluble NSPs in diet and gut health Increased viscosity in Small Intestine Increased digesta retention time in Small Intestine Soluble NSPs Decreased nutrient digestibility Decreased Performance Decreased oxygen tension in Small Intestine Increased microbial growth in Small Intestine

22 s were effective by reducing microbial overgrowth in the small intestine caused by stress & soluble NSP content of the diet.

23 Enzymes can be part of the solution Small Intestine Large Intestine -De-polymerisation of soluble NSPs -Reduction in viscosity -Increased nutrient digestibility -Digesta transit time is better regulated -Lesser microbial overgrowth -Better nutrient absorption -De-polymerisation of soluble NSPs produce smaller oligomers which utilized by healthy microflora -Increased energy availability by higher VFA production -Lower pathogen pressure Choct 1997

24 Enzymes: Small Intestine Apajalahti and Bedford1998

25 Enzymes: Small Intestine Enzyme source: Combination XAP Romero et al. 2011

26 Enzymes: Large Intestine Choct et al. Brit. Poult. Sci. 37: Amerah et al. 2012

27 Enzymes and Salmonella challenge S. enteritidis-positive birds (birds with >10 5 cfu/g), % 42-21% % -40% % S enteritidis inoculation, cfu/bird % ND Control + Enzyme Study done at Bristol University, UK

28 Enzymes in post AMGP era AMGPs prevent microbial overgrowth in small intestine by antimicrobial activity Enzymes prevent microbial overgrowth in small intestine by substrate reduction Appropriate use of either single or combinations of enzymes can play a vital role in sustainable animal production in post AMGP era

29 DFM and improvement of quality and production of animal products 6/14/

30 Production Performance DFM and Growth performance p< Control DBSC FCR Animal: Broilers DFM: Dried bacillus subtilis culture Santoso et al /14/

31 Production Performance DFM and Egg production * % egg/hen/day Egg weight Egg Mass g/hen/day FCRegg Kg feed/kg egg Animal: Laying hens DFM: Dried bacillus subtilis culture Xu et al /14/

32 Quality of Animal Products DFM and egg quality 10.6 * Shell Strength Shell thickness Yolk color Haugh Unit Yolk Cholesterol Animal: Laying hens DFM: Dried bacillus subtilis culture Xu et al /14/

33 Quality of Animal Products DFM and meat quality (Proximate composition) p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05 6/14/2012 Animal: Broilers DFM: Mixture of lactobacilli and bifidobacterium Khaksefidi and Rahimi

34 Public health concern DFM and meat quality Animal: Broilers DFM: Mixture of lactobacilli and bifidobacterium 6/14/2012 Khaksefidi and Rahimi

35 Conclusion Can we be successful based on these new criteria? FE Or FCR Improved Animal performance ADG SBW With a conscious effort in developing feed additives for more than growth performance effect Animal Welfare Variation in SBW Animal Health Quality of animal product Yes we can!! Public Health Environment 6/14/

36 Thank you for your attention Image courtesy: Google Images 6/14/

37 Copyright 2011 DuPont or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont, The miracles of science and all products denoted with or are registered trademarks or trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. Images reproduced by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company under license from the National Geographic Society. 6/14/