S~ientiti~ Conferen~e

Transcription

1 th S~ientiti~ Conferen~e ~rogramme &!b~tratt~ May 2012 Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel Jalan Sultan Ismail Kuala Lumpur

2 Of the May 2012 Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel Jalan Sultan Ismail Kuala Lumpur

3 Members of the 14 th Council & Organising Committee of 27 th Scientific Conference President Dr Tee E Siong Vice-President Prof Dr Mohd Ismail Noor Honorary Secretary Prof Dr Norimah A Karim Honorary Treasurer Assoc Prof Dr Zaitun Yassin Honorary Assistant Secretary Dr Mahenderan Appukutty Council Members Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib Assoc Prof Datin Dr Safiah Mohd Yusof Ms Tan Sue Yee Ms Roseline Yap Wai Kuan

4 PRESIDENT S WELCOME MESSAGE Welcome to the 27 th Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia! The NSM is pleased to be able to continue to organize this annual scientific event that all nutritionists look forward to. Besides sharing views and experiences, every year I notice a lot of buzzing activities of participants networking. It is the first goal of the NSM to promote nutrition science, and organizing this annual conference is one of the ways of achieving that goal. It is heartening to note that the conference continues to draw a great deal of interest amongst the nutrition fraternity in the country. We have adopted a broad theme for the Conference this year: Current Concerns & Challenges in Nutrition. This is purposely so, in order to draw attention to the current concerns in the high prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases and their risk factors. It also serves to highlight the challenges we are faced with in arresting the increase in these diseases. The scientific programme therefore has sessions to enable sharing on nutrition interventions that have been implemented for various target groups. This includes intervention programmes by the NSM as well. Another current concern is maternal and child nutrition and hence a session on this topic has been scheduled. Indeed, we need more work on maternal nutrition as nutritional status of the mothers is the key towards optimal birth outcomes which in turn has tremendous implications for later life. A variety of other contemporary research topics are being presented in another symposium session. The regular symposium on sharing updates on food and nutrition innovations to promote health and nutritional wellbeing of various groups is a session we all look forward to. The Young Investigators Symposium will see young researchers from more local universities sharing their findings and presentation skills. And vying for top prizes! There is a record number of 160 posters on research findings to be displayed. Many of these are by young researchers and eagerly hoping their posters will be judged best posters in this Conference! I take this opportunity to place on record our sincere gratitude to all who have contributed to the successful organizing of this Conference: all speakers and poster presenters, all participants and all sponsors. I thank my colleagues in the 14 th Council of the NSM for their cooperation and support throughout the year. Dr Tee E Siong, KMN president@nutriweb.org.my

5 The Nutrition Society of Malaysia gratefully acknowledges contributions from the following to the 27 th Scientific Conference: Major sponsors Beneo Asia Pacific Pte Ltd IOI Loders Croklaan Oils Sdn Bhd Nestle Products Sdn Bhd Sponsor for NSM Publication Prize 2011 Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd Kraft Foods Scientific Affairs, Regulatory Affairs and Nutrition (SARAN) Asia Pacific Sponsors for Conference Lunches Mead Johnson Nutrition (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Conference sponsors Ajinomoto (Malaysia) Bhd Cereal Partners (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Cotra Enterprises Sdn Bhd Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd GTG Wellness Sdn Bhd Kotra Pharma (M) Sdn Bhd Philips Malaysia Sdn Bhd Summit Co (M) Sdn Bhd Unilever (Malaysia) Services Sdn Bhd Yakult (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Advertisers Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Sdn Bhd Heinz ASEAN Pte Ltd Roche (M) Bhd Bhd Placement of advertisements in this Souvenir Programme and display of products and services in the trade exhibition do not necessarily imply endorsement of these products and services by the Nutrition Society of Malaysia ä

6 Page Organising Committee Welcome Message from President, Nutrition Society of Malaysia NSM Improves Lives Through Nutrition Acknowledgement Nutrition Month Malaysia 10 th Anniversary Highlights ii iii iv vi viii Official Opening 1 Scientific Programme 2 NSM Awards & Prizes NSM Prizes NSM Publication Prize NSM Publication Prize 2013 Announcements 14 List of Posters 24 List of trade exhibitors 40 Messages from sponsors 41 Abstract of Papers Oral presentations Day 1 57 Oral presentations Day 2 69 Poster presentations Day 1 Group A 77 Group C 118 Group F 130 Poster presentations Day 2 Group B 133 Group D 167 Group E 181 ä

7 DAY 1 THURSDAY 24 MAY, hrs Registration 0900 hrs OFFICIAL OPENING Venue: Nirwana Ballroom hrs Welcome address by Dr Tee E Siong President, Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) 0915 hrs Speech and official opening by Y Bhg Datuk Dr Lokman Hakim bin Sulaiman Deputy Director-General of Health (Public Health) Ministry of Health, Malaysia Presentation of NSM Undergraduate and Post-graduate Prizes Presentation of NSM Publication prizes 0945 hrs Tour of Trade Exhibition/Scientific Posters by invited guests 0945 hrs Refreshment Poster session: presenters in attendance for discussion D

8 DAY 1 THURSDAY 24 MAY, 2012 KEYNOTE LECTURE Chairperson: Prof Dr Mohd Ismail Noor Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 1030 hrs Role of nutrition in management and prevention of chronic disease: Opportunities and challenges Prof Dr Christiani Jeya Henry Director, Clinical Nutritional Sciences Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore SYMPOSIUM 1: Nutrition Interventions Chairperson: Assoc Prof Datin Dr Safiah Md Yusof Universiti Teknologi MARA 1100 hrs A good practice approach to treatment of childhood obesity Sharifah Wajihah Wafa SSTW Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 1120 hrs Nutrition intervention among Malaysian elderly: Success, Challenges and Future Directions Suzana Shahar Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1140 hrs Development and evaluation of nutrition education package for primary school children the Healthy Kids Programme Malaysia Norimah A Karim Expert Panel, Healthy Kids Programme Malaysia, Nutrition Society of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1200 hrs Effects of a probiotic cultured milk on functional constipation in adults Mazlyn Mena Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur E

9 1220 hrs Zinc and genomic stability Razinah Sharif Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1240 hrs Lunch 1330 hrs Poster Viewing / Trade Exhibition Poster presenters in attendance for discussion Note: All scientific sessions shall be in the Nirwana Ballroom 1, Lower Lobby Poster presentations & trade exhibitions shall be in foyer area of Lower Lobby Lunch shall be served at Nirwana Ballroom 3, Lower Lobby Morning and afternoon refreshment shall be served around the poster and trade exhibition area SYMPOSIUM 2: Maternal and Child Nutrition Chairperson: Assoc Prof Dr Zaitun Yassin Universiti Putra Malaysia 1400 hrs Maternal DNA damage in pregnancy and its effect on newborn birth size Loy See Ling Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 1420 hrs Factors associated with cognitive ability among 12 to 13 year-old adolescents from selected urban schools in Gombak, Selangor Nurliyana Abd Razak Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 1440 hrs Level of physical activity among paediatric patients with acute leukaemia undergoing active chemotherapy Tan Sue Yee Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1500 hrs Correlation between knowledge and consumption of commonly advertised food among schoolchildren Zalma Abdul Razak Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam F

10 SYMPOSIUM 3: Young Investigator s Symposium Chairperson: Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib Universiti Putra Malaysia 1530 hrs Agreement between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques in measuring bone health status among Malay children Chong Kar Hau, Poh BK, Nor Aini J, Nor Azmi K and Kanaga KC School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1550 hrs Postprandial effect of trans free palm margarine, interesterified palm olein, and interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers in human volunteers Ong Zi Yin, Sokhini AM, Voon PT Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 1610 hrs Relationship between dietary pattern and body mass index among primary school children Sharifah Nur Umairah TY & Safiah MY Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 1630 hrs Parental perception of child s weight status among preschool children in St. Theresa Kindergarten, Kuala Terengganu Tan Huey Ghee and Serene TEH Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 1650 hrs Effects of chemotherapy on nutritional status of pediatric and adolescent cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Won Su Yun and Sakinah H Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 1710 hrs Refreshment / Trade exhibition G

11 DAY 2 FRIDAY 25 MAY, 2012 SYMPOSIUM 4: Promoting Nutritional Wellbeing Chairperson: Prof Dr Norimah A Karim Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 0900 hrs The role of functional carbohydrates in weight management and healthy lifestyle Dr Antje Jungclaus Manager Nutrition Communication, BENEO GmbH /BENEO Institute, Mannheim, Germany 0930 hrs Betapol Structured Lipids For Improved Infant Formula Dr Alfred Haandrikmann Group R&D Director IOI Loders Croklaan, Wormeveer, Netherlands 1000 hrs Refreshment / Trade exhibition 1045 hrs Delivering nutrition, health and wellness through Nestlé Research Dr Allan Lim Group Manager, Food Science and Innovation Partnerships Nestlé R&D Center Pte Ltd, Singapore 1115 hrs Update of NSM nutrition promotion programmes Dr Tee E Siong President, Nutrition Society of Malaysia 1200 hrs Lunch Poster Viewing / Trade Exhibition Note: All scientific sessions shall be in the Nirwana Ballroom 1, Lower Lobby Poster presentations and trade exhibitions shall be in the foyer area of Lower Lobby Lunch shall be served at Nirwana Ballroom 3, Lower Lobby Morning and afternoon refreshment shall be served around the poster and trade exhibition area SYMPOSIUM 5: Nutrition Potpourri Chairperson: Dr Mahenderan Appukutty Universiti Teknologi MARA 1445 hrs S.O.S OKU: Nutrition concerns in rehabilitation centres for disabilities Chen Seong Ting Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian H

12 1505 hrs Household food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among mothers in Bachok, Kelantan Ihab Naser Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 1525 hrs Internet interventions for cancer-related diet and lifestyle behaviour change: What works at the workplace? Ang Yee Kwang Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 1545 hrs Association between dietary glycemic index, dietary fiber and adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Loh Beng-In Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 1605 hrs Nutritional status of Malaysian youth football players during Ramadhan month Nor Faizadatul Ain Ab Wahid Sports Science Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1625 hrs Maternal total serum adiponectin in relation to maternal anthropometric measurements and birth outcomes: USM Birth Cohort Study Marhazlina Mohamad Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Prize Giving Ceremony 1645 hrs Young Investigator s Symposium and Best Undergraduate Poster Prize 1700 hrs Refreshment 2000 hrs CONFERENCE DINNER Venue: Windows on KL, 30th Floor Crowne Plaza Mutiara Hotel, Kuala Lumpur Dinner is only for pre-registered Conference participants and invited guests I

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14 Two types of NSM Prizes are awarded under the Education Fund of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia, according to the Bye-Laws of the Society. The NSM Postgraduate Prize is awarded for a thesis accepted for a PhD or MSc degree whereas the Undergraduate Prize is awarded for a thesis accepted for a basic/first degree. Each prize comprise a cash award and a certificate, as follows: RM1,000 for a PhD thesis, RM750 for MSc thesis and RM500 for the undergraduate prize. In 2012, NSM is awarding four Postgraduate Prizes, three for PhD and three for MSc, with a total cash award of RM5,250. Eight undergraduates receive Undergraduate Prizes with a total cash of RM4,000. The total cash award for this year is RM9,250. The three recipients for the PhD thesis are: 1. Dr Lee Lai Kuan The risk factors and effectiveness of fish oil supplementation on cognitive function of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment Supervisor: Prof Dr Suzana Shahar Co-supervisors: Prof Dr Noor Aini Mohd Yusof, Assoc Prof Dr Nor Fadhilah Rajab, Assoc Prof Dr Chin Ai-Vyrn University: Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 2. Dr Gan Wan Ying Psychological distress as mediator between personal, lifestyle and socioenvironmental factors and disordered eating among university students Supervisor: Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib Co-supervisors: University: Assoc Prof Dr Zalilah Mohd Shariff, Dr Hazizi Abu Saad Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 3. Dr Cheah Whye Lian Analysis of biologcal, behavioral and environmental determinants of malnutrition: A study of malnourished children in Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia Supervisor: Prof Dr Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda Co-supervisors: University: Prof Dr Zabidi Azhar Mohd Hussin School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian K

15 The three recipients for the MSc thesis are: 1. Wee Bee Suan Physical activity, waist circumference and body composition of children in relation to metabolic syndrome indicators Supervisor: Prof Dr Poh Bee Koon Co-supervisors: University: Prof Dr Awang Bulgiba, Assoc Prof Dr Ruzita Abd Talib Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 2. Suriyati Muhammad Alinafiah Effects of Malaysian cocoa powder consumption on biochemical parameters stratus of healthy subjects at UPM. Supervisor: Prof Dr Amin Ismail Co-supervisors: Prof Dr Zarida Hambali, Assoc Prof Dr Rokiah Mohd Yusof, Dr Hazizi Abu Saad University: Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 3. Rashidah binti Mohd Yusof Determination of macronutrients in selected foods found in Kelantan Supervisor: Dr Sakinah Harith Co-supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Shariza Abdul Razak; Nor Azmi Zainal University: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian The eight recipients for the undergraduate prizes are: 1. W Nurul Ashikin W Mohamad Quality of life of normal weight, overweight and obese primary school children in Kuala Lumpur Supervisor: University: Assoc Prof Dr Ruzita Abd Talib Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 2. Chong Yuk Mey Development of nutrient calculator for children s food frequency questionnaire Supervisor: University: Prof Dr Poh Bee Koon Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur L

16 3. Teh Yi Yan Oral health status, oral health-related quality of life (QHRQOL) and nutritional status among Chinese senior citizens aged 55 years and above Supervisor: University: Assoc Prof Dr Zaitun Yassin Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 4. Alimuddin bin Alias Effects of spray dried red pitaya (Hylocereuspolrhizus) powder supplementation on plasma glucose level and lipid profiles of hyperglycemia induced rats Supervisor: University: Assoc Prof Dr Rokiah Mohd Yusof Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 5. Aina Shuhada binti Mohamad Disordered eating, self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity among female college students Supervisor: University: Dr Soo Kah Leng Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 6. Lee Pooi Shan Obesity and fast food consumption among adolescence in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Supervisor: University: Prof Dr Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 7. Tan Min Yen Lactose tolerance and intolerance among staff and students in Universiti Malaysia Sabah Supervisor: University: Dr Yasmin Ooi Beng Houi Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 8. Lim Yee Ven Association of parental feeding styles and practices with fast foods consumption among primary school children in Gombak, Selangor Supervisor: University: Serene Tung En Hui Deparment of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur DC

17 The NSM Publication Prize is aimed at encouraging and promoting local research publications in nutrition science. Prizes are awarded by the Nutrition Society of Malaysia with financial support from a Corporate Member of the Society. Five categories of NSM Publication Prize were offered in These are for different fields of nutrition research, namely: infant and childhood nutrition; whole grains nutrition; maternal nutrition; dairy nutrition and bone health. Members are encouraged to apply for these Publication Prizes which are offered in The announcements for these prizes are given in this Programme and Abstract book. NSM Publication Prize: Infant and Childhood Nutrition For the Publication Prize in the field of infant and childhood nutrition, for the years , these prizes are sponsored by Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd. There shall be a maximum of 3 awards each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the year 2012, the Selection Committee has decided to award five prizes as all the applications were acceptable, and recognizing that not all the 3 prizes were taken up in previous years. The recipients are as follows: Name of recipient: Dr Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Publication: Child feeding practices, food habits, anthropometric indicators and cognitive performance among preschoolers in Peninsular Malaysia Appetite 58: , 2012 Name of recipient: Prof Dr Poh Bee Koon Nutrition Program, School of Healthcare Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Publication: Waist circumference percentile curves for Malaysian children and adolescents aged years. Int J Pediatric Obesity 6: , 2011 DD

18 Name of recipient: Serene Tung En Hui Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur Publication: Familial and socioenvironmental predictors of overweight and obesity among primary schoolers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Mal J Nutr 17(2): , 2011 Name of recipient: Tan Sue Yee Nutrition Program, School of Healthcare Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Publication: Predicting energy requirements of paediatric patients with disease: which methods are appropriate. Pediatric Health 4(5): , 2010 Name of recipient: Wee Bee Suan Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu Risk of metabolic syndrome among children living in metropolitan Kuala Lumpur: A case control study. BMC Public Health 11:1-7, 2011 NSM Publication Prize: Whole Grains Nutrition For the Publication Prize in the field of Whole grains Nutrition, for the year , these prizes are sponsored by Kraft Foods Scientific Affairs, Regulatory Affairs and Nutrition (SARAN) Asia Pacific. There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the year 2012, no applications for this Prize were received by the Council. NSM Publication Prize: Maternal Nutrition For the Publication Prize in the field of Maternal Nutrition, for the year , these prizes are sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. DE

19 For the year 2012, one application was received. The Selection Committee accepted this application and the winner is: Name of recipient: Loy See Ling Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Publication: Higher intake of fruits and vegetables in pregnancy is associated with birth size. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 42(5): , 2011 NSM Publication Prize: Dairy Nutrition For the Publication Prize in the field of Dairy Nutrition, for the year , these prizes are sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the year 2012, no applications for this Prize were received by the Council. NSM Publication Prize: Bone Health and Nutrition For the Publication Prize in the field of Bone Health and Nutrition, for the year , these prizes are sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the year 2012, no applications for this Prize were received by the Council. DF

20 PERSATUAN PEMAKANAN MALAYSIA (NUTRITION SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA) Applications are invited for: NSM Publication Prize 2013: Infant and Childhood Nutrition Members of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) are invited to apply for the NSM Publication Prize: Infant and Childhood Nutrition. Objective: To encourage and promote local research publications on infant and childhood nutrition The Prize: There shall be a maximum of 3 awards each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the years , this Prize shall be sponsored by Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad. Applications for the Prize: Members of NSM are invited to submit their publications following a prescribed procedure given below. Applications shall be considered by a Selection Committee. The selection shall be based on a set of prescribed criteria described below. Presentation of awards: Prizes are to be presented during the opening ceremony of the Annual Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia. Winners shall be invited to attend the ceremony, at his/her own expense, to receive the prize from the Guest of Honour officiating the opening ceremony. Application procedure: 1. The NSM Council shall invite applications for the Publication Prize through NutriWeb ( research institutions, academia and government departments 2. Applicants must be Malaysian citizens and Ordinary (with no outstanding membership fees) or Life members of NSM 3. Applications must be received before 15 April Applicants must submit 15 copies of each published paper to be considered by the Selection Committee and the following details: a. Name b. NSM membership number c. Address of work place d. Address for correspondence e. , phone and fax f. A note indicating intent to apply for consideration for the publication prize and stating the number of publications submitted as well as the full details of each publication (author(s), title of publication, journal details) 5. Provide a statement stating why the submitted publication(s) should be considered for the Prize, pointing out, for example, significance of study and findings, its usefulness and impact DG

21 6. All applications must reach the President at the following address before the stipulated deadline: President Nutrition Society of Malaysia c/o 46, Jalan SS22/ Petaling Jaya Selangor DE 7. For enquiries, the President at: Criteria for Selection: 1. Publication(s) submitted for consideration by the Selection Committee must be in the field of nutrition of Malaysian infant and children (up to 18 years), arising from human intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews 2. The publication(s) must be in the English language, published in a peer reviewed journal, in the year 2010 and later. There is no limit to the number of publications submitted for consideration. 3. The applicant must be the first author of the publication(s) submitted for consideration 4. Selection of winners shall be based on multiple criteria, including relevance to focus area of Publication Prize, relevance to national nutrition scene, soundness of research methodology and overall presentation of the publication 5. Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council 6. Decision of the Selection Committee is final May 2012 DH

22 PERSATUAN PEMAKANAN MALAYSIA (NUTRITION SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA) Applications are invited for: NSM Publication Prize 2013: Maternal Nutrition Members of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) are invited to apply for the NSM Publication Prize: Maternal Nutrition. Objective: To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of maternal nutrition. The Prize: There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the years , this Prize shall be sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. Applications for the Prize: Members of NSM are invited to submit their publications following a prescribed procedure given below. Applications shall be considered by a Selection Committee. The selection shall be based on a set of prescribed criteria described below. Presentation of awards: Prizes are to be presented during the opening ceremony of the Annual Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia. Winners shall be invited to attend the ceremony, at his/her own expense, to receive the prize from the Guest of Honour officiating the opening ceremony. Application procedure: 1. The NSM Council shall invite applications for the Publication Prize through NutriWeb ( research institutions, academia and government departments. 2. Applicants must be Malaysian citizens and Ordinary (with no outstanding membership fees) or Life members of NSM. 3. Applications must be received before 15 April Applicants must submit 15 copies of each published paper to be considered by the Selection Committee and the following details: a. Name b. NSM membership number c. Address of work place d. Address for correspondence e. , phone and fax f. A note indicating intent to apply for consideration for the publication prize and stating the number of publications submitted as well as the full details of each publication (author(s), title of publication, journal details) 5. Provide a statement stating why the submitted publication(s) should be considered for the Prize, pointing out, for example, significance of study and findings, its usefulness and impact. DI

23 6. All applications must reach the President at the following address before the stipulated deadline: President Nutrition Society of Malaysia c/o 46, Jalan SS22/ Petaling Jaya Selangor DE 7. For enquiries, the President at: Criteria for Selection: 1. Publication(s) submitted for consideration by the Selection Committee must be in the field of maternal nutrition in the Malaysian context, arising from human intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews. 2. The publication(s) must be in the English language, published in a peer reviewed journal, in the year 2010 and later. There is no limit to the number of publications submitted for consideration. 3. The applicant must be the first author of the publication(s) submitted for consideration. 4. Selection of winners shall be based on multiple criteria, including relevance to focus area of Publication Prize, relevance to national nutrition scene, soundness of research methodology and overall presentation of the publication. 5. Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council. 6. Decision of the Selection Committee is final. May 2012 DJ

24 PERSATUAN PEMAKANAN MALAYSIA (NUTRITION SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA) Applications are invited for: NSM Publication Prize 2013: Dairy Nutrition Members of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) are invited to apply for the NSM Publication Prize: Dairy Nutrition. Objective: To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of dairy nutrition. The Prize: There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the years , this Prize shall be sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. Applications for the Prize: Members of NSM are invited to submit their publications following a prescribed procedure given below. Applications shall be considered by a Selection Committee. The selection shall be based on a set of prescribed criteria described below. Presentation of awards: Prizes are to be presented during the opening ceremony of the Annual Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia. Winners shall be invited to attend the ceremony, at his/her own expense, to receive the prize from the Guest of Honour officiating the opening ceremony. Application procedure: 1. The NSM Council shall invite applications for the Publication Prize through NutriWeb. ( research institutions, academia and government departments 2. Applicants must be Malaysian citizens and Ordinary (with no outstanding membership fees) or Life members of NSM. 3. Applications must be received before 15 April Applicants must submit 15 copies of each published paper to be considered by the Selection Committee and the following details: a. Name b. NSM membership number c. Address of work place d. Address for correspondence e. , phone and fax f. A note indicating intent to apply for consideration for the publication prize and stating the number of publications submitted as well as the full details of each publication (author(s), title of publication, journal details) 5. Provide a statement stating why the submitted publication(s) should be considered for the Prize, pointing out, for example, significance of study and findings, its usefulness and impact. DK

25 6. All applications must reach the President at the following address before the stipulated deadline: President Nutrition Society of Malaysia c/o 46, Jalan SS22/ Petaling Jaya Selangor DE 7. For enquiries, the President at: Criteria for Selection: 1. Publication(s) submitted for consideration by the Selection Committee must be in the field of dairy nutrition in the Malaysian context, arising from human intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews. 2. The publication(s) must be in the English language, published in a peer reviewed journal, in the year 2010 and later. There is no limit to the number of publications submitted for consideration. 3. The applicant must be the first author of the publication(s) submitted for consideration. 4. Selection of winners shall be based on multiple criteria, including relevance to focus area of Publication Prize, relevance to national nutrition scene, soundness of research methodology and overall presentation of the publication. 5. Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council. 6. Decision of the Selection Committee is final. May 2012 DL

26 PERSATUAN PEMAKANAN MALAYSIA (NUTRITION SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA) Applications are invited for: NSM Publication Prize 2013: Bone Health & Nutrition Members of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) are invited to apply for the NSM Publication Prize: Bone Health &Nutrition. Objective: To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of bone health & nutrition. The Prize: There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. For the years , this Prize shall be sponsored by Fonterra Brands (M) Sdn Bhd. Applications for the Prize: Members of NSM are invited to submit their publications following a prescribed procedure given below. Applications shall be considered by a Selection Committee. The selection shall be based on a set of prescribed criteria described below. Presentation of awards: Prizes are to be presented during the opening ceremony of the Annual Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia. Winners shall be invited to attend the ceremony, at his/her own expense, to receive the prize from the Guest of Honour officiating the opening ceremony. Application procedure: 1. The NSM Council shall invite applications for the Publication Prize through NutriWeb ( research institutions, academia and government departments. 2. Applicants must be Malaysian citizens and Ordinary (with no outstanding membership fees) or Life members of NSM. 3. Applications must be received before 15 April Applicants must submit 15 copies of each published paper to be considered by the Selection Committee and the following details: a. Name b. NSM membership number c. Address of work place d. Address for correspondence e. , phone and fax f. A note indicating intent to apply for consideration for the publication prize and stating the number of publications submitted as well as the full details of each publication (author(s), title of publication, journal details) 5. Provide a statement stating why the submitted publication(s) should be considered for the Prize, pointing out, for example, significance of study and findings, its usefulness and impact. EC

27 6. All applications must reach the President at the following address before the stipulated deadline: President Nutrition Society of Malaysia c/o 46, Jalan SS22/ Petaling Jaya Selangor DE 7. For enquiries, the President at: Criteria for Selection: 1. Publication(s) submitted for consideration by the Selection Committee must be in the field of bone health and nutrition in the Malaysian context, arising from human intervention, epidemiology or clinical studies or critical reviews. 2. The publication(s) must be in the English language, published in a peer reviewed journal, in the year 2010 and later. There is no limit to the number of publications submitted for consideration. 3. The applicant must be the first author of the publication(s) submitted for consideration. 4. Selection of winners shall be based on multiple criteria, including relevance to focus area of Publication Prize, relevance to national nutrition scene, soundness of research methodology and overall presentation of the publication. 5. Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council. 6. Decision of the Selection Committee is final. May 2012 ED

28 PERSATUAN PEMAKANAN MALAYSIA (NUTRITION SOCIETY OF MALAYSIA) Applications are invited for: NSM Publication Prize 2013: Human Nutrition Members of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) are invited to apply for the NSM Publication Prize in the field of human nutrition. Objective: To encourage and promote local research publications in the field of human nutrition (focus area to be announced) The Prize: There shall be a maximum of 1 award each year, each to carry a cash prize of RM2,000 and a certificate by the NSM. This Prize shall be sponsored by Kraft Foods Scientific Affairs, Regulatory Affairs and Nutrition (SARAN) Asia Pacific. Applications for the Prize: Members of NSM are invited to submit their publications following a prescribed procedure given below. Applications shall be considered by a Selection Committee. The selection shall be based on a set of prescribed criteria described below. Presentation of awards: Prizes are to be presented during the opening ceremony of the Annual Scientific Conference of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia. Winners shall be invited to attend the ceremony, at his/her own expense, to receive the prize from the Guest of Honour officiating the opening ceremony. Application procedure: 1. The NSM Council shall invite applications for the Publication Prize through NutriWeb ( research institutions, academia and government departments 2. Applicants must be Malaysian citizens and Ordinary (with no outstanding membership fees) or Life members of NSM 3. Applications must be received before 15 April Applicants must submit 15 copies of each published paper to be considered by the Selection Committee and the following details: a. Name b. NSM membership number c. Address of work place d. Address for correspondence e. , phone and fax f. A note indicating intent to apply for consideration for the publication prize and stating the number of publications submitted as well as the full details of each publication (author(s), title of publication, journal details) 5. Provide a statement stating why the submitted publication(s) should be considered for the Prize, pointing out, for example, significance of study and findings, its usefulness and impact EE

29 6. All applications must reach the President at the following address before the stipulated deadline: President Nutrition Society of Malaysia c/o 46, Jalan SS22/ Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE 7. For enquiries, the President at: Criteria for Selection: 7. Publication(s) submitted for consideration by the Selection Committee must be in the focus topic in human nutrition that will be announced, arising from human intervention, epidemiology, clinical studies or critical reviews. 8. The publication(s) must be in the English language, published in a peer reviewed journal, in the year 2006 and later. There is no limit to the number of publications submitted for consideration. 9. The applicant must be the first author of the publication(s) submitted for consideration 10. Selection of winners shall be based on multiple criteria, including relevance to focus area of Publication Prize, relevance to national nutrition scene, soundness of research methodology and overall presentation of the publication 11. Criteria for selection may be amended from time to time by the NSM Council 12. Decision of the Selection Committee is final May 2013 EF

30 Scientific posters have been grouped into the following themes and shall be presented for the duration of the Conference: Day 1: Poster themes A, C and F Day 2: Poster themes B, D, E Poster themes: A= nutritional status (various groups) and community interventions B= dietary intake, consumption pattern and diseases C= nutrients and other components in food/products D= clinical nutrition/intervention trials E= food science and technology F= experimental nutrition The best 3 posters put up by undergraduates shall be awarded cash prizes! Poster Presentations: Day 1 Group A: Nutritional Status (various groups) and Community Interventions A01 A02 A03 A04 Oral health status, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status among institutionalized elderly aged 55 years and above Amirul Asyraf I, Zaitun Y and Tanti Irawati R Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis equipments with air displacement plethysmography for the estimation of body composition among adolescents Ang YN, Chan KQ and Poh BK Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) projects on Obesity in 2010 funded by the Health Promotion Board Malaysia Chan CL, Ruzita Abd Talib, Ismail MN and Thavaraj S Diet quality, nutrition knowledge and nutritional status among older adults Chia MS and Zaitun Y EG

31 A05 A06 A07 A08 A09 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 Adaptation and validation of physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-A) among adolescents in Malaysia Choo SY and Poh BK Validity and reliability of bulimia test revised (BULIT-R) among adolescents in Bangi, Selangor Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Kaartina S, Hiew CC and Chin YS High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among children aged 7 to 12 years in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Fatihah F, Ruzita AT & Poh BK Nutritional status, fast food consumption pattern and physical activity among students from faculty of food Science & technology in University Putra Malaysia (UPM) Gwee YC and Satvinder Kaur Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling Malay elderly in Ulu Kinta, Perak: The relationship between anthropometric and functional status Haslan SM & Siti Nur Asyura Adznam Birth weight and ferritin is associated with cognitive function among children living in a rural area in Kelantan Hasmiza H, Pim CD, Ng LO, Wan Manan WM and Hamid Jan JM Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations health promotion projects in 2010 funded by the Malaysian Health Promotion Board Heng SY, Norimah AK, Ismail MN and S. Thavaraj SS Child- and parent-proxy report of health-related quality of life among a sample of Malaysian adolescents: reliability and validity of PedsQL 4.0. Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Hiew CC, Chin YS, Zalilah MS, Mohd Nasir MT Assessment of worksite physical and social environments on healthy food choices and physical activity of blue-collar workers: Findings from an automotive factory in Pulau Pinang Kan MY, Ang YK and Wong WY Stages of change among overweight and obese university students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Kang JS and Zuriati I Psychosocial factor and quality of life among obese adult in Perlis Khairiah K & Rokiah MY Weight management knowledge and practices among female primary school teachers in Ampang Lai YQ and Shashikala S EH

32 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 Prevalence and Association of Anthropometric Measurements with Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in Bachok, Kelantan Laila Ruwaida MZ, Nur Firdaus I, Kah Leng S, Wan Manan WM and Hamid Jan JM Validation of The Malaysian Cohort Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-MC) with Actical accelerometer among adults aged 35 to 65 years Lee KY, Poh BK, Rahman J and Ismail MN Assessment of physical activity, food habits and factors affecting them in school children through quantitative and qualitative methods Lee PMH, Sameeha MJ & Poh BK Overweight and normal-weight early adolescents: comparison of body image perception, dietary practice, and physical activity Lee RJ and Chin YS The relationship between nutritional status and birth outcomes of Malay pregnant women in a private hospital in Kuala Lumpur Leong SJ and Norimah AK Factors associated with health-related quality of life among primary school children in Selangor Lim KL and Chin YS Assessment of different eating patterns, nutritional status and physical activity among a group of public university students Lim KZ and Satvin K Evaluation of printed nutrition educational materials for childhood obesity intervention studies Lim SH, Ruzita AT, Hanee F, Siti Sabariah B and Poh BK Anthropometric status and cognitive function among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur : comparison between normal children and children with learning disabilities Lina Husniyah M, Roslee R and Nur Sakinah I Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of adiposity among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur: a case-control study Loh DA, Moy FM, Zahurin M & Nur Lisa Z Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices about cancer among employees in selected local banks Loo KF, Ang YK and Shashikala S Weight management knowledge and practices among female employees in banking industries Mak CY, Shashikala S and Ang YK EI

33 A29 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A35 Predictors of micronutrient status of reproductive age Indian women from Ramtek, Nagpur, India Menon KC, Skeaff SA, Thomson CD, Gray AR, Ferguson EL, Zodpey S, Saraf A, Das PK, Toteja GS and Pandav CS Nutritional status and growth of Penan children in Long Napir and Long Rayeh, Limbang Sarawak Mohamad Hasnan A & Norliza J Knowledge and practice on sports nutrition among Malaysian Games (2011) athletes Haemamalar K, Chai WJ, Mohd Shah K, Nor Faizadatul Ain AW, Shareena DMS, Qusyairy AA, Durrah R and George GA Identifiying the risk of malnutrition using Mini Nutritional Assessment- Short Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) among the elderly in Rumah Seri Kenangan Muhammad Faizal M and Zuriati I Predictors of intelligence quotient (IQ) performance of primary school children in Penang and Kedah: Nutritional status or socioeconomic background? Ng BK, Poh BK and Ng LO Development and assessment of a printed educational material entitled Guide on breastfeeding: Facts vs myths for mothers-to-be in Kuala Lumpur Ngew CY and Sameeha MJ A qualitative study of cognitive development and nutrition-related issues in Vietnamese children under three years old Nguyen TH, Poh BK, Ng LO & Deurenberg P A36 Quality of life (QoL) between normal and obese school children aged 10 and 11 years old in Malacca Nik Normasitah NI, Noriza Zakaria and Ruzita Abd Talib. A37 A38 A39 Factors associated with body weight status of Malay housewives in Perkampungan Sungai Isap Jaya, Kuantan, Pahang Noor Amelia Shahida J & Rokiah MY Involvement in residential college activities: Does it affect the nutritional status of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia students? Noor Farhana N, Hamizah Y and Ruzita AT Physical activity levels among healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic women Noor Khalijah MK, M Marhazlina, See-Ling Loy and Hamid Jan JM EJ

34 A40 A41 A42 A43 A44 A45 A46 A47 A48 A49 A50 Pedometer-determined physical activity and its relationship with weight status among primary school children in Sabah Noorashikin R, Poh BK, Ong WW, Nor Aini J and Ismail MN Comparison of skinfold thickness (SKF), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessing body fat of Malay children age 8-11 years old Noradilah MJ, Poh BK, Nor Azmi K, Ismail MN and Deurenberg P Relationship between socio demography and nutritional status with iron and vitamin A status among children in Kelantan and Terengganu Norazida AB 1, Nik Shanita S 1, Poh Bee Koon 1 and Siti Balkis B 2 Assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with self-reported sleep quality among bus drivers in Selangor Norazlinda ZA, Barakatun Nisak MY and Kulanthayan KC Construct validity and reliability of Malaysian Coping Strategy Instrument to measure household food insecurity in two different studies in Peninsular Malaysia Norhasmah S, Zalilah MS, Mohd Nasir MT, Kandiah M and Asnarulkhadi AS Stages of change for physical activity in relation with sociodemographic factors, body weight status and physical activity level among Malaysian men in Klang Valley Suraya I, Norimah AK, Ng LO and Wan Zurinah WN Nutrition knowledge, physical activity, dietary intake and body weight status among teachers in Petaling District, Selangor Nur Huda AR and Mohd Nasir MT Body image perception, self-esteem and weight reduction behaviour among overweight and obese adults Nur Izzati I, Zahara BAM, Suzana S, Roslee R, Norhayati I and Noor Hasnani I Development and evaluation of healthy eating out booklet for working adults Nur Nadia Z and Zahara BAM Mandatory iodine fortification in bread: Is it enough to eliminate iodine deficiency in New Zealand? Nurul Husna MS and Brough L The built environment, nutritional status, functional status and quality of life of Malays elderly in Cheras Kuala Lumpur Oh YM, Suzana S and NG TP EK

35 A51 A52 A53 A54 A55 A56 A57 A58 A59 A60 Depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Chinese elderly in Mambang Diawan, Kampar, Perak: The relationship between physical activity and anthropometric status Ong ML & Siti Nur Asyura A Malnutrition risk and its association with functional and psychosocial status among elderly Malays in Felda Sungai Tengi, Selangor Por CB, Suzana S and Normah CD Factors affecting anemia during pregnancy in Kulim, Kedah Sulhariza Husni Zain, Zainal Che Mee, Sharifah Hildah Shahab, Mariam Ahmad, Norpishah A. Razak, Noraini Omar, Azizah A. Rahman, Norlia A. Karim, Maznah Din, Norma Jauhari, Rebecca Rayapan and Faizal Ibrahim Skeletal muscle mass, functional status and physical activity level among the older adults aged 60 years and above Tang SY and Zaitun Y Nutritional status of children in food basket program Tengku Fatimatul TH and Noran H Relationship of nutritional and iron status with cognitive function among preschoolers in Sabah, Malaysia Thirukkanesh S, Norimah AK, Poh BK and Ng LO Physical activity levels among children: Comparison of objectivelymeasured versus self-reported questionnaire methods Wee BS, Poh BK, Bulgiba AM, Ruzita AT and Ismail MN Validity and reliability of Home Environment Survey (HES) for Malaysian school children: a sample from Selangor Woon FC, Chin YS, Mohd Nasir MT, Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, and Hiew CC Income disparities in relation to body mass index (BMI) among Malay government employees in Klang Valley Yee SW, Sameeha MJ and Ismail MN Assessment of body weight status and its associated factors among Chinese institutionalized elderly in Kuantan, Pahang Yong KT & Siti Nur Asyura A EL

36 Group C: Nutrients and Other Components in Food/Products C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10 C11 C12 Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of selected commercially available eggplants Chang HK and Amin I Determination of phosphorus content in selected carbonated beverages most commonly consumed by students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Chong CN and Chan YM Proximate and mineral contents of selected underutilized seaweeds from Peninsular Malaysia Eng ZP and Amin I Determination of total antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content in Agaricus bisporous and Agaricus brasiliensis Gan CH and Rahmat A Nutrient composition of temukut Lai CC and Norhaizan ME Determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect of phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in selected local soy-based dishes Lim SF and Hasnah H Glycemic index values of selected commercialized rice in Malaysia Ngan HB, Barakatun Nisak MY, Amin Ismail, Mohd Faez bb, Jeevetha S Evaluation of fatty acids in selected supplementary oils Nor Shahidah MY and Azrina A Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load of adolescents in Kuala Lumpur Norhanisah AS, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK Determination of caffeine content in local commercial instant herbal and non-herbal coffee and tea beverages Nur Zalika Z and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA Determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in local commercial instant herbal and non-herbal tea beverages Nurul Huda AA and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA Weight loss intervention among risk of overweight, overweight and obese staff in health department of Kedah Rohida SH, Latifah AR, Sharipah Salbiah SH, Juliani Faridza A, Wan Mohd Nurussabah AK, Zuwariah AT, Faisal I, Khairul AA, Norazlina MN, Nur Wahidda A,Intan Hartini AB, Tan YN, and Zaiton D FC

37 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 Determination of vitamin E, total polar compound and free fatty acid in reused cooking oil among hawkers at night market Rosnani N and Sokhini AM Determination of sodium in selected local unhealthy snacks Saw SM and Amin I Amount and types of sugar content of selected homemade beverages according to types of restaurants in rural and urban area in Klang Valley Sharifah Azizah TN, Nik Shanita S & Hasnah H Proximate and total phenolic contents in Nypa fruticans Sum PC and Azrina A Comparison of antioxidant component and capacity in different parts of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Tan KP and Azrina A Maternal nutritional status and pregnancy symptoms among healthy and gestational diabetic women Teow YL, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM Comparison antioxidant content and activity between varieties of Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L) osbeck) Toh JJ & Azrina A Determination of macronutrients and isoflavones contents in soy based local dishes Yeak ZW and Hasnah H FD

38 Group F: Animal and Experimental Nutrition F01 F02 F03 F04 Anti-diabetic potentials of lycopene and red palm oil in male rats Asmah Rahmat, Hanieh Jafari, Mansooreh Sadat Mojani, Morteza Ebadi, Huzwah Khazaai Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on total antioxidant status and full blood count in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats Ng HM, Nurul Amira B & Asmah R A study on the toxicity of Rhaphidophora decursiva (roxb.) extract on rats Syakirin K, Norhaizan ME and Siti Suriani A Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on plasma glucose level and body weight of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats Tan SF, Nurul Amira B and Asmah R FE

39 Poster Presentations: Day 2 Group B: Dietary Intake, Consumption Pattern and Association with Diseases B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 B08 B09 B10 B11 Gender differences in the eating habit of medical students Ahmad Syazwan Bin Samsuddin, Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani, Mariam Mohamad, Mohammed Nasimul Islam & Jesmine Khan Disordered eating, self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity among female college students Aina Shuhada M and Soo KL Effect of maternal food choices and pregnancy symptoms on birth sizes Ainor FA, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practices on osteoporosis prevention among urban and rural women in Selangor Anis Farhana AH and Chan YM Development of food atlas for babies and toddlers aged 6 to 36 months old Awina FAA and Zahara BAM A study on dietary pattern and nutritional status among pregnant women enrolled in private medical centre in Bangi and Kajang Azizah MH, Nurul Husna M, Siti Asmah M, Syiikhah AR and Rahim MN The application of linear programming in developing healthy, palatable and affordable diet for low income teenagers C Nur Azira Liyana CR, Roslee R, Nurul Hamizah AH and Siti Masitah E Factors influencing appetite among elderly Malays in FELDA, Malaysia Chan PP, Suzana S and Normah CD Do individuals with fixed orthodontic treatment change their dietary intake? Chuah XY, Zahara BAM, Asma AAA and Nurul AY Biopsychosocial factors of disordered eating among early adolescents in Selangor Foong SM and Chin YS Validation of Healthy Eating Index (HEI) For Malaysian Adults Goh HW and Norimah AK FF

40 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 School nutritional habit and IQ scores among primary school children in Baghdad City, Iraq Hasanain Faisal Ghazi, Zaleha Md. Isa, Syed AlJunid & Azmi Mohd. Tamil Relationship between socio-demographic status and diet quality among adults in Kuala Lumpur Hidayah NI, Norimah AK, Ismail MN Soft drink consumption, dietary practices, and body weight status among children aged 9 to 11 years Hiew WC and Chin YS Food expenditure and diet diversity score are predictors of household food insecurity in low income households in rural district of Kelantan Malaysia AN Ihab, AJ Rohana, WM Wan Manan, WN Wan Suriati, MS Zalilah and AM Rusli Dietary intake and depressive symptoms among Malay elderly in Kinta district, Perak Irni MS & Siti Nur Asyura A Association of dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure of female university students in relation to their dieting practices Misra S and Kerk YL Habitual sodium intake and blood pressure among Malay adults in Kuala Lumpur Khairun Nisa Z and Norimah AK Body image perception, physical activity level, body weight status and eating behaviours among female adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor Khoo YC and Mohd Nasir MT Daily breakfast consumption among adolescents and its associated factors Law LS, Mohd Nasir MT and Hazizi AS Obesity and fast food consumption among adolescence in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Lee PS and Wan Abdul Manan WM Body image perception, dietary practices, physical activity and body weight status of adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor Lee PS & Mohd Nasir MT FG

41 B23 B24 B25 B26 B27 B28 B29 B30 B31 B32 B33 B34 B35 Effect of nutrition education on reducing the intake of sugar sweetened beverages among primary school Malay students in Kuala Lumpur Lin EY, Norimah AK and Ismail MN Exploring the relationship between added sugars intake and weight status among children in Kuala Lumpur Low SX, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK Child feeding practices in malnourished children - Does it different with well-nourished children? Maizatul Azlina CD and Zahara AM Association between body mass index, dietary calcium intake and level of physical activity with bone health status among elderly Ng CS and Zaitun Y Assessing food intake pattern among adults in Bertam, Kepala Batas Norjana I, Yusfizahani MY, Nazirah GM, Nurdiana ZA, Nur Syafawati S, Norhiman A, Hazwani AY, Lesley N, Kavitha CS, Ahmad Munir CM, and Rabindarjeet S Breakfast Habits, Attention-Concentration and Academic Achievement among Primary School Year 5 in Sepang, Selangor Nur Ain R & Rokiah MY Survey of use, attitude and knowledge of herbal products among staff in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nur-Nadzirah A and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA Construction of healthy and palatable diet for low socioeconomic adult women using Linear Programming Nurul Hamizah AH, Roslee R, Che Nur Azira Liyana CR and Siti Masitah E The factors associated with the poor appetite among elderly at Rumah Seri Kenangan Nurul Huda A and Zuriati I Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010: Understanding of key words and five key messages among Indian adults in Kuala Lumpur Nurul Idayu M and Norimah AK Whole grain consumption patterns among adults in Klang Valley Nurulasyikin M & Norimah AK Dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure of male university students in relation with their dieting practices Misra S and Ong SW Knowledge and attitude on breastfeeding among pregnant women in rural area of Sarawak Razali M, Nylen K and Chan YS FH

42 B36 B37 B38 B39 B40 B41 B42 B43 B44 B45 B46 B47 Validation of food frequency questionnaire of selected local soy products and isoflavones intake with three days food record Sh. Nur Aisyah SMS and Hasnah H Hydration status for squash: how much do the national athletes sweat? Shareena Delaila MS and Chai WJ Factors associated with dietary calcium intake among adolescents aged years in Seri Kembangan, Selangor Sim EV & Rokiah MY Dietary restraint, body shape perception and body mass index (BMI) among female college students Siti Dinie Syazwani A and Soo KL The influence of food choice motives and nutrition information on the purchase of meal among students and staffs at Universiti Putra Malaysia Siti Nadiah A and Rosita Jamaluddin Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of caterers in providing healthy meals in cafeterias of a public university in Kuala Lumpur Suhaili Suboh and Moy Foong Ming Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal consumption among children in Kuala Lumpur Suriyani MY and Ruzita Abd Talib Knowledge, attitude and practices, perception and preference of food and beverages among primary school students in Sepang, Selangor Suzaimahanim O & Rosita Jamaluddin Factors associated with vegetable preference and intake among preschool children in Melaka Syafiqah M & Rosita Jamaluddin Body image perception, body weight status, physical activity level and eating behavior among male adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor Syazwani R and Mohd Nasir MT Factors associated with food preference in relation to habitual food consumption among primary school children (aged 9 to 11 years old) in Puchong Tan HC & Rosita Jamaluddin Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for estimating intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Tan KL and Suhaina S FI

43 B48 B49 B50 B51 B52 B53 Comparison of dietary intakes between type 2 diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular disease Tan MC, Chan YM, Ng OC, Hejar AR, Wong TW, Mirnalini K, Joseph A and Rushdan AA The knowledge of Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010 and attitude among medical officers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Tan SW and Wan Abdul Manan WM Development and validation of FatCheck calculator: A tool to assess intake of total fat and fatty acids Tan YL, Suhaina S and Baharudin O The characteristics of related psychosocial factors across individual s readiness to increase fruit and vegetable intake Wong CY, Zalilah MS, Mirnalini K and Mohd Nasir MT Determination of weight status and dietary patterns of housewives in Kota Bharu Wong ST and S. Daniel Robert Nutritional status and food habits of preschool-aged children in Sabah Yumbod AC and Poh BK Group D: Clinical Nutrition/Intervention trials D01 D02 D03 D04 D05 Body composition and physical activity: comparison between gynaecological and colorectal cancer survivors Arsyurahmah AR, Suhaina S, Nor Aini J, Biswa MB, Zabedah O, Mohd Zaid MG and Poh BK A case study of sahur meal on hormonal and glucose response of 10km time trial at different time of the day during Ramadhan fasting Goh KW, Albert Tan YW, Ang BS and Rabindarjeet S Evaluation of lifestyle status and obesity among coronary artery disease patients in Iran Haleh E, Rokiah MY and Haziz AS Prevalence of malnutrition and parameters predicting nutritional status in end stage renal disease patients in Malaysia Harvinder K, Chee WSS, Goh CY, Lau LT, Sharmela S, Tilakavati K, Leonard J, Sunita B, Ghazali A and Goh BL High fat diet induced changes of intestinal tight junction proteins Jesmine Khan and Mohammed Nasimul Islam FJ

44 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 Are Kuala Lumpur adults consuming high glycemic index (GI) diet? Khor KM, Nik Shanita S and Ruzita AT Soy product and isoflavone intakes among chronic lung disease patients Koh PJ and Hasnah H Effect of caffeine on oxygen consumption and rating of perceived exertion during moderate intensity exercise among sedentary young female adults Lee SM, Poh BK, Ismail MN and Shamsuddin, AF Nutritional status and health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu Lim HJ and Chan YM Nutritional Status and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among hemodialysis patients in Petaling Jaya and Puchong Loo PJ and Zuriati I Healthy eating practices improve quality of life among breast cancer survivors Mohammadi S, Suhaina S, Poh BK and Amani R Rice consumption pattern (amount and type) in relation to glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus Nain Farahin MT, Barakatun Nisak MY and Nor Azmi K Use of red palm oil in local snacks to increase the intake of provitamin A carotenoids in young aborigine children: A Malaysian experience Low CX, Kong JP, Cho YL and Ng TKW Acute effects of trans free palm margarine, interesterified palm olein and interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend on lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of healthy volunteers Ng YT, Norhaizan ME and Voon PT Factors associated with binge eating behavior among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre Nor Safwanah S, Barakatun Nisak MY and Nor Azmi K Associations of lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and lipid profiles with homocysteine: a novel risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Norshafawati AA, Rosita J and Norhaizan ME Impact of a nutrition education intervention program on weight loss in abdominally obese adolescents Nourian M, Zaitun Y, Mohd Nasir MT and Kelishadi R Association between anthropometric measurement and hand grip strength among hospitalized elderly in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Syamimi Ahmad and Sakinah Harith FK

45 D19 D20 Effects of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density in Chinese premenopausal women in Malaysia: preliminary findings Tee YYS, Zaitun Y, Norhaizan ME & Chan YM Understanding body composition, physical activity level and quality of life of cancer survivors Wong KH, Suhaina S, Fuad I, Zabedah O and Ismarulyusda I Group E: Food Science and Technology E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08 E09 E10 Comparison of the effect of boiling, deep-frying and grilling on the content of phosphorus and protein in chicken (Gallus Domesticus) Chong YL and Chan YM Total vitamin E in relation to levels of oil absorbed and total polar compound in oil following repeated short-deep frying Kho SZ and Mohd Sokhini AM The ability of Zea mays ear in enhancing nutritional composition and changing textural and sensory properties of bread Lim JY and Wan Rosli WI Quality of cooking oil among food hawkers in night market of Bangi Lim SY & Sokhini AM Vegetable oil enhances unsaturation ratio of fatty acid compositions in sausages added with grey oyster mushroom Muhammad Rausyan AR and Wan Rosli WI Frying stability of virgin coconut oil blended with sunflower oil Naaman TJU and Marina AM Evaluation of Zea mays L. extract as antioxidant during deep fat frying of virgin coconut oil Neoh SL, Marina AM and Wan Rosli WI Effect of cornsilk (Maydis stigma) in yeast bread: evaluation on nutritional, textural and sensory properties Ng SH and Wan Rosli WI Partial replacement of chicken meat with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) powder in sausage: the effect on nutritional composition, dietary fiber and β-glucan content Nor Maihiza Akmal MS and Wan Rosli WI Sensory evaluation of jangat (cow s skin) Umi Kalsum HZ, H Mohamed S, Dayana MN, Mohd Firdaus S FL

46 Name of exhibitor Table number (s) Nutrition Society of Malaysia 13 Healthy Kids Programme Try Masak Sihat Ajinomoto (M) Bhd 12 BENEO Asia Pacific Pte Ltd 1 & 2 Cereal Partners (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd 18 Cotra Enterprises Sdn Bhd 14 & 15 Dutch Lady Milk Industries Bhd 7 & 8 GTG Wellness Sdn Bhd 9 IOI Loders Croklaan Oils Sdn Bhd 3 & 4 Nestle Products Sdn Bhd Philips Malaysia Sdn Bhd Summit Co (M) Sdn Bhd Unilever (M) Services Sdn Bhd 16 & Yakult (M) Sdn Bhd 11 Placement of advertisements in this Souvenir Programme and display of products and services in the trade exhibition do not necessarily imply endorsement of these products and services by the Nutrition Society of Malaysia GC

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49 Day 1 KEYNOTE LECTURE Role of nutrition in management and prevention of chronic disease: Opportunities and challenges Prof Dr Jeya Henry Director, Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science Singapore, and Director, Functional Food Centre,Oxford There has been a dramatic increase in our understanding of how major chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer are associated with diet. The science of nutrition is the confluence of two major interests in our society-food and health. Growing demand for products that help reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases are sometimes known as functional foods. Acquisition of food by our ancestors was by hunting and gathering a broad range of wild plants and animals. Huntergatherers consumed a wide and varied number of plant species that made up their diet. Today, we depend on 3 major staples rice, wheat and corn for the manufacture of almost 3000 different foods. The food technologist of today is the modern day alchemist able to transform cereals into numerous food products with varying nutritional & organo-leptic properties. Using a range of examples, the presentation will explore how food and nutrition has changed over the millennium and how nutrition can be used to minimise the risk of developing Obesity, diabetes and CVD. The conventional view that consuming complex carbohydrates compared to simple sugars has a less pronounced increase in blood glucose was challenged by Jenkins and Wolever in Since that time, the concept of glycaemic index (GI) has attracted interest both from a commercial and academic perspective. Several natural and derived food ingredients have been shown to alter glycaemic response. The development of starch-based foods characterised by a low GI presents interesting technical and production challenges. In many developing countries, under nutrition has been superseded by over nutrition, and chronic disease. This presentation will highlight the newly emerging field of nutrition and how it may be effectively used to reduce the growing risk of chronic disease. Jenkins, D.J.A and Wolever, T.M.S. (1981) Slow release carbohydrate in the treatment of diabetes. Proceedings of the nutrition society 40, HJ

50 Day 1 Symposium 1: Nutrition Interventions A good practice approach to treatment of childhood obesity Sharifah Wajihah Wafa SSTW 1, Ruzita AT 3, Nur Hana H 3, Roslee R 3, Ng LO 3, Ayiesah R 3 and Reilly JJ 2 1 University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; 2 Physical Activity for Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland; 3 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia The aim of this research was to determine whether the MASCOT (Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial) weight management programme reduced BMI z-score relative to no treatment among obese children. The MASCOT study was a single blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 107 obese children (54 boys, 53 girls; BMI>95 th percentile for age relative to CDC reference) aged between 7 and 11 years who were randomly assigned to a MASCOT programme (intervention) or no treatment (control). The MASCOT comprising eight sessions, of an 8-hour family centred group treatment programme, based on behavioural change techniques, covering topics on nutrition, physical activity and sedentary as well as parenting skills. All information was directed to parents, the main agent of change in which they were responsible for initiating and maintaining healthy lifestyle changes with their families. BMI z-score, weight, objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour by accelerometry, and quality of life (QoL, using the Peds QL) were recorded as outcome measures at baseline and at 6 months. Analysis of the primary outcome found no significant group difference at the six month time point for BMI z-score (intervention: 0.0 (0.7) vs control: 0.1 (0.5), p=0.79). There were significant differences between the groups in favour of the intervention group in weight changes (intervention: 1.7(2.5) vs control: 3.5(2.0), p<0.001) and total parent score for HRQoL (intervention: 4.2(15.5) vs control -3.8(19.3), p<0.05). The MASCOT weight management programme had modest benefits for BMI z-score, for objectively measured physical activity and for QoL. The present study was the first RCT of a childhood obesity treatment programme in Malaysia. The study findings suggest that future interventions should be longer term and more intense. Nutrition intervention among Malaysian elderly: Success, Challenges and Future Directions Suzana Shahar Dietetic Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A. Aziz, Kuala Lumpur Prevention and intervention to improve nutritional, health and function have traditionally focused on children and younger adults. However, many researchers have started to focus their interest and attention on older adults due to the demographic change and the growing recognition of a specific nutritional need of the elderly. A HK

51 question that arises frequently is whether nutrition interventions made at a later age can improve health status and quality of life and reduce health care expenditure. Most of nutrition interventions among Malaysian elderly were successful in improving knowledge, health and functions, however, the challenges remain in imparting sustainable positive behavioral changes. Among successful study components including a focus intervention, reinforcing and personalizing messages; providing hands-on activities, incentive and access to health professionals and successful duration and sensitive outcome measures. In order to achieve behavior change among the elderly, an intervention program needs to be expanded to change or modify not only individual behaviors but also the environment in which members of the population live. Policy research is also needed to make a greater impact on public health. In conclusion, age did not appear to be a limiting factor in increasing one s knowledge, as seen from positive knowledge gain and health benerfits of several of the interventions. There is a need to emphirically measure the effectiveness of regular nutrition programme in order to further improve the elderly health. There is also a need to develope a sustainable nutrition intervention programme and increase the capacity for policy research. Development and evaluation of nutrition education package for primary school children the Healthy Kids Programme Malaysia Tee ES, Norimah AK, Zawiah H and Chin YS Experts Panel, Healthy Kids Programme Malaysia, Nutrition Society of Malaysia The Healthy Kids Programme (HKP),Malaysia was launched in August 2010 with the aim to improve nutrition knowledge and promote healthy lifestyle among school-going children in the country. The HKP is a collaborative education programme between the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) and Nestle Malaysia. It has two main components: the awareness component to reach out to masses; and the research component a longitudinal (3-years ) intervention study to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education modules appropriate for primary school children. The ultimate goal at the end of the 3-year project is to develop an interactive nutrition education module that the Ministry of Education can utilise for implementation in all schools in the country. In 2011, the awareness component focused on building and improving the dedicated HKP website ( that was launched at the end of More interactive games for children were added to make the learning process more fun and engaging. Articles and recipes were also added to make the website relevant and interesting for the parents. Some of the articles were also made available in BahasaMalaysia. With these new features and improvements, more efforts in promoting the website needs to be done in 2012 to further increase the number of hits and to reach out more effectively to more parents and children. The research component, the Evaluation of Nutrition Education Package for Primary School Children started in A total of 207 children from 6 schools in the Klang Valley were selected to be the intervention group and 179 children from another 6 schools as control group. Before starting the intervention or educational sessions, a survey on the children s nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) was carried early in the year to determine the level of their KAP at the beginning of the research (baseline). The children s body mass index (BMI) was also measured to determine their nutritional status. HL

52 After the baseline survey, the intervention group received 6 educational sessions throughout year 1. The 6 educational modules focused on basic healthy eating principles and getting the children to be more active daily. The modules were conducted in an interactive manner so as to engage the children for more effective learning. Immediate impact surveys on the children s knowledge were also conducted before and after each educational session to determine effectiveness of each module and to measure the increase of knowledge. Besides in-class educational sessions, the students were given a set of worksheets and goal cards to bring home to practice what they have learned. Leaflets for parents were also given to the students to pass on the messages to their parents. After all the 6 intervention sessions, a post-intervention survey (using the same set of questionnaire used at the beginning of the year) was conducted among the 2 groups to determine their nutrition KAP level at the end of the year. Encouraging results were obtained based on the findings of the KAP survey (both at the beginning and at the end of the year) as it showed that the mean score increase in the children s nutrition knowledge (from 55.6±12.87 at the beginning of the year (baseline) to 62.3±10.24 at the end of the year), attitude (from 81.0±13.26 at the baselineto 81.3±14.90 at the end of the year) and practices (from 72.6±8.93 at the baseline to 78.8±9.46 at the end of the year). The result also showed significant differences between the beginning and end-of-the-year data within the intervention group (paired t-test) for nutrition knowledge and nutrition practice (p<0.01). The findings of the immediate impact survey (that was conducted before and after each module) were positive too as there was an increase in the mean score for all 6 topics. This shows that the children in the intervention group learned from each educational session. More significantly, the intervention group also showed improvements for some selected practices, with a decline in the percentage of children purchasing food such as nasi lemak and nuggets while the percentage of children drinking plain water and consuming bread and cereals increased. Year 2 (2012) of the intervention educational sessions have commenced at the beginning of the year and will focus more in depth in nutrition, learning about food groups and its functions as well as getting the children to be more active in sports. Effects of a probiotic cultured milk on functional constipation in adults Mazlyn MM 1, Fatimah A 1, Nagarajah L 2, Norimah AK 3 and Goh KL 4 1Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, International Medical University; 2 Centre for Graduate Studies, Open University Malaysia; 3 School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 4 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Studies have shown that probiotics L. casei Shirota (LcS) improves constipation and softens hard stools. However, well-designed studies on its effects on functional constipation and in non-japanese Asian populations are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cultured milk with LcS in adults with functional constipation in a randomized, placebo-controlled manner under double-blind condition. One hundred free-living subjects in Klang Valley diagnosed with functional constipation (Rome II criteria) were randomised to intake cultured milk containing LcS (at least 3.0 x colony forming units) or placebo nutrient drink without LcS once a day for four weeks, after a run-in observation period of two weeks and followed by a one-week postintervention observation period. Subjects were required to maintain their usual diet and lifestyle throughout the study period. Primary outcomes were constipation severity score IC

53 (utilizing the Chinese Constipation Questionnaire or CCQ) and frequency of defecation; secondary outcomes were stool consistency and stool quantity estimations. Trend of improvement in the CCQ severity score was observed with probiotics intake, but did not reach statistical significance with four weeks intervention (P=0.058). Significant improvement was observed in the severity of feeling of incomplete defecation (P<0.01 at Week 4), one of the six components of the CCQ severity score. A non-significant trend of improvement in stool consistency was observed with probiotics intake. However, the magnitude of the effect on stool consistency was statistically significant in favour of probiotics with d=0.19, 95% CI [0.00, 0.35] and d=0.29, 95% CI [0.11, 0.52] at Week 4 and at post-intervention, respectively. The findings indicate that cultured milk containing LcS may improve the severity of constipation and soften hard stools, however, a longer intervention period of 6 to 8 weeks is necessary to obtain conclusive results. Zinc and genomic stability Sharif R 1,2,3, Thomas P 1, Zalewski P 2 and Fenech M 1 1CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, Australia; 2 School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; 3 Program Pemakanan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia. An increased intake of Zinc (Zn) may reduce the risk of degenerative diseases but may be toxic if taken in excess. This study aimed to investigate whether taking daily supplements containing 20mg of Zn carnosine can improve Zn status, genome stability events and Zn transporter genes in an elderly South Australian cohort characterised by having low plasma Zn levels. 208 volunteers were screened for low plasma Zn levels ( 10.5 µm) and 90 were selected and randomized into two groups. A 12 week placebocontrolled intervention trial was performed with only 84 volunteers completing the study, (Placebo, n=42) and (Zn group, n=42). Fasted blood was collected at baseline and at the end of the 12 week intervention. In the placebo group, plasma Zn showed a significant drop after 12 weeks from ± mg/l (13.76 ± 1.51 µm) to ± mg/l (13.15 ± 1.22 µm). Plasma Zn was significantly increased by 5.69% in the Zn supplemented group after 12 weeks raising plasma zinc levels from ± mg/l (14.16 ± 1.46 µm) to ± mg/l (14.86 ± 2.06 µm). FRAP and esod were increased in the Zn supplemented group while TBAR and Carnosine levels were unaffected by the improved Zn status. A significant decrease in the micronucleus frequency (24.18%) was observed for the Zinc supplemented cohort relative to baseline compared to the placebo group which also recorded a small increase of the micronucleus frequency with 1.77%. There were no significant changes in the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both groups. Comet assay results showed a significant effect of time and treatment of Zn supplementation for both tail moment and tail intensity (p<0.05). The reductions of -7.09% for tail moment and -8.76% for tail intensity were observed for Zn group (relative to baseline). Telomere length and global DNA methylation did not show any significant changes following Both MT1A and ZIP1 expression showed a significant increase in the Zn supplemented group compared to Placebo group (p<0.05). Zn supplementation may prove to have a beneficial effect in an elderly population with low Zn levels by improving Zn status; antioxidant profile and lowering DNA damage events (micronuclei, tail moment and tail intensity) as well as increasing the expression of Zn transporter genes. Hence, more investigation on Zn supplementation and genome stability in elderly people with low Zn should be performed in future. ID

54 Symposium 2: Maternal and Child Nutrition Maternal DNA damage in pregnancy and its effect on newborn birth size Loy SL 1, Marhazlina M 1, Sirajudeen KNS 2, Nor Fadilah R 3 and Hamid Jan JM 1 1Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2 Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia The level of DNA damage has been suggested to impact maternal nutritional status and fetal development. The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine the effect of maternal DNA damage on newborn birth size. Women aged years old were investigated at mid- (15-22 weeks of gestation) and late (32-39 weeks of gestation) pregnancy from April 2010 to September 2011 in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Kubang Kerian Health Clinic. Blood samples and maternal anthropometric measurements were taken at each time period of the study. Newborns birth sizes were measured within five days after delivery. DNA damage in lymphocytes was evaluated by Comet assay. The relationships between DNA damage and birth size (birth weight, body length, ponderal index, ratio of head circumference-toweight, abdominal and mid-upper arm circumferences) were examined by a general linear model. The levels of DNA damage were categorized into low and high groups at the 75 th percentile values. Women were divided into four groups according to their DNA damage categories and compared across the birth sizes using Kruskal-Wallis test. The levels of DNA damage at mid- and late pregnancy were significantly related to birth size after adjusting for confounders, including maternal age, height, relative weight gain, prepregnancy body mass index, gestational age, neonatal sex, fruit and vegetable intake and total antioxidant status. In addition, birth size was the lowest among women with continuously having high DNA damage at mid- and late pregnancy. These findings support the notion that maternal DNA damage has an adverse effect on infant growth. Factors associated with cognitive ability among 12 to 13 yearold adolescents from selected urban schools in Gombak, Selangor Nurliyana AR 1, Mohd Nasir MT 1, Rohani A 2 and Zalilah MS 1 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor; 2 Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor. This cross-sectional study determined factors that are associated with cognitive ability among adolescents aged 12 to 13 years (M=12.4, SD=0.5) in the urban area of Gombak, Selangor (N=416; m=161, f=255). Socio-demographic background including parents education level and monthly household income was obtained from parents through a short questionnaire. A questionnaire on meal consumption, personality, eating attitude, physical activity, sleep duration and pubertal development was administered in class. Height and weight were measured and BMI-for-age was determined. Cognitive ability was IE

55 assessed using Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV) in a one-to-one manner. A majority of the adolescents fathers attained tertiary education (50.0%), while a majority of their mothers attained secondary education (47.2%). About 38.7% of the adolescents skipped breakfast, 34.4% skipped lunch and 31.2% skipped dinner at least once in a week. For personality, the mean score for neuroticism (M=2.9, SD=0.6) was low, while the mean scores for conscientiousness (M=3.2, SD=0.5), extraversion (M=3.3, SD=0.5), openness to experience (M=3.4, SD=0.5) and agreeableness (M=3.5, SD=0.5) were moderate. It was found that 20.5% of the adolescents were at risk for disordered eating. Scores for physical activity was generally low (M=2.4, SD=0.6), and the mean sleeping duration was minutes (SD=90.7). Most boys were in the mid-pubertal development (37.0%), while most girls were in the late pubertal development (70.9%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 20.4% and 15.1% respectively. The mean cognitive scores was (SD=12.4). Monthly household income (r=0.235, p<0.001), openness to experience (r=0.212, p<0.001), physical activity (r=0.097, p<0.05) and sleep duration (r= , p<0.05) were associated with cognitive ability. Adolescents whose fathers had tertiary education (F=8.500, p<0.001) not skipping dinner (MD=-5.464, SE=1.282, p<0.001) and rarely snacked (MD=-3.973, SE=1.456, p<0.01) scored better on the cognitive tests. Father s education level, monthly household income, openness to experience and consumption of dinner explained 14.2% of the variances in cognitive ability (F=15.055, p<0.001). Level of physical activity among paediatric patients with acute leukaemia undergoing active chemotherapy Tan SY 1, Chong HX 1, Poh BK 1 & Mohd Ismail MN 2 1Nutrition Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu The aim of this study was to determine the level of physical activity among paediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) undergoing chemotherapy and compare their physical activity with healthy children. A total of 53 paediatric patients, aged 3 to 12 years old, from the Pediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) and the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) participated in this study. Patients were undergoing induction or consolidation chemotherapy treatments as in-patients. Healthy children matched for gender, age ( 6 months) and ethnicity were recruited as controls. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness were determined. Physical activity was assessed using Actical accelerometer (Mini Mitter Company, Inc.) for a total of 5 days, but data was only analyzed from 3-day activity (2 weekdays and 1 weekend). Mean total activity counts were significantly higher in younger patients (p<0.05) and patients in consolidation phase (p<0.01). Younger patients and patients in consolidation also spent significantly less time daily on sedentary activities compared to the older patients (1,241 ± 145 min vs. 1,320 ± 114 min) (p<0.05) and patients in induction (1,233 ± 123 min vs. 1,301 ± 140 min) (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the level of physical activity when comparisons were done between sex or weekdays and weekend (p>0.05). Patients were significantly less active compared to healthy controls (p<0.001) and they also spent significantly (p<0.001) less bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily (1.50 ± 5.95) compared to their healthy counterparts (37.38 ± 40.36). On average, patients spent about 88% (1,265 ± 145 min) of their daily time engaged in sedentary-to-light physical activity (SLPA) such as sleeping, lying down or watching television, compared to healthy children (915 ± 106 min). This data showed that physical activity in paediatric patients with acute leukaemia is evidently reduced IF

56 and may impose detrimental effects on their long-term health. Therefore, appropriate exercise interventions are necessary within the clinical setting as physical activity is an essential element of child development. Correlation between knowledge and consumption of commonly advertised food among schoolchildren Zalma AR, Safiah MY, Ajau D and Khairil Anuar MI Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between consumption of commonly advertised food with knowledge on television food advertising, and knowledge on and preference for healthier food among schoolchildren. A validated questionnaire was administered to 32 (34.4% male, 65.5% female) year-5 schoolchildren in Shah Alam. The mean time the children spent watching television was min/day. The mean score for knowledge on television food advertising, and knowledge on and preference for healthier food was , and respectively. Lower proportion of children had adequate knowledge on television food advertising (score > 4) compared to low knowledge (score < 4) (34.4% vs 65.6%), and higher preference for healthier food (score > 5) compared to lower preference (score < 5) (37.5% vs 62.5%). However, more children had adequate knowledge on healthier food (score > 7.7) compared to low knowledge (score < 7.7) (65.6% vs 34.4%). In terms of consumption of commonly advertised food, biscuits were the most frequently eaten with 65.6% ate biscuits at least once a day, followed by breakfast cereals (59.4%), snack foods (43.8%) and fast foods (40.6%). Carbonated drinks were the least frequently eaten with 53.1% drank carbonated drinks only once or twice a month and 12.5% never drink. Significant inverse correlation was found between knowledge on television food advertising and consumption of fast foods (r=-0.37*, p=0.04), and preference for healthier food and consumption of snack foods (r=-0.36*, p=0.04) and fast foods (r=-0.48**, p=0.005). However, there was no significant correlation found between knowledge on healthier food and consumption of all the studied food. This study showed that knowledge on television food advertising correlates with consumption of certain food that are commonly advertised on television. Therefore, an intervention which educates children on television food advertising is potential to reduce the children s consumption of unhealthy food. IG

57 Symposium 3: Young Investigators Symposium Agreement between quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques in measuring bone health status among Malay children Chong KH 1, Poh BK 1, Nor Aini J 1, Nor Azmi K 2 and Kanaga KC 3 1School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, UKMMC; 3 School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Recent studies have proposed the QUS technique as a cheaper and safer alternative compared to DXA, the gold standard in measuring bone health status. However, studies on the validity and accuracy of QUS technique among children are very limited especially in Malaysia. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the level of agreement between QUS and DXA techniques in measuring bone health status among children in Kuala Lumpur. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 134 healthy Malays (68 boys and 66 girls) aged 7 to 11 years without any history of bone fracture. Bone health status were evaluated using Sunlight Omnisense 8000P Bone Densitometer (Sunlight Medical, USA) at one-third distal radius of non-dominant hand, which measures the Speed of Sound (SOS) through bone tissue; and DXA (Hologic, USA), which measures the whole body bone mineral density (BMD). Repeatability of QUS was assessed by performing SOS measurements twice in a row at the premarked location. The mean SOS and BMD values for boys (3698 ± 76 m/s; ± 0.01 g/cm 2 ) were not significantly different from girls (3695 ± 81 m/s; ± 0.06 g/cm 2 ). Repeatability tests revealed good results for QUS (r=0.98, p<0.001; Kappa value=0.91; p<0.001). Significant correlation was found between SOS measures and BMD (r=0.206, p<0.05). The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC) for SOS was 94% for the identification of subjects with low BMD (Z-Score of -2 or less). At a cut off value of Z-Score of -1.0, QUS could identify correctly 80% (sensitivity) of those who had low BMD and 93% (specificity) of those who had high BMD as determined by DXA. However, the agreement of QUS with DXA at this cut off point was fair (Kappa value = 0.37, p<0.05). Our findings indicated that QUS had good repeatability and it was as capable as DXA in detecting children with low bone mineral. We conclude that QUS may be an alternative screening tool for the study of bone mass in children, especially in rural areas or in developing countries where resources are limited. Further studies conducted on a large scale may be warranted to evaluate the usefulness and applicability of QUS in other ethnic populations. Postprandial effect of trans free palm margarine, interesterified palm olein, and interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers in human volunteers. Ong ZY 1, Sokhini AM 1, Voon PT 2 1Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2 Food Technology and Nutrition Unit, Malaysia Palm Oil Board IH

58 Industrial margarine production involved partially hydrogenation process which results in the formation of trans fatty acid (TFA). TFA had been shown to significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and may have possible health effects on diabetes mellitus and obesity. The possible TFA replacers are palm oil or fully hydrogenated oils. A randomize, single blind experimental study was designed to compare the effects of natural fat and modified fat on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers in human volunteers. Ten male (age: 22±1, BMI: 20.88±1.64) and ten female (age: 23±1, BMI: 19.60±1.35) were fed muffins incorporated with trans free palm margarine (TFPM), interesterified palm olein (IEPOo), and interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend [IE(FHSBO: SBO)]. The weights of test fats that incorporated into the muffins were 53.14g, 49.24g, and 45.52g respectively. Volunteers received test diets in a random order with one week washout period in between. Postprandial bloods were drawn at time point 0minutes, 30minutes, 60minutes, 90minutes, 120minutes, and 240minutes on each day. In general, TFPM had no significant different with IEPOo and IE(FHSBO: SBO) in response to glucose (p=0.180), insulin(p=0.084), and C-peptide(p=0.088). However, significant different in glucose level was observed at time point of 90 minutes between natural and modified fat [IEPOo, p< 0.001; IE(FHSBO: SBO): p< 0.01]. Modified or interesterified fat may altered glucose metabolism and resulted in rise of postprandial glucose level compared to natural fat. On the other hand, there were no significant different observed in inflammatory markers which were interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) between these three test diets (IL6: p=0.238, TNF-α: p=0.631). As a conclusion, natural fat and modified fat had similar response in relation to insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers. However, further study is warranted before interesterified fat can be introduced in replacing TFA in the diet. Relationship between dietary pattern and body mass index among primary school children Sharifah Nur Umairah TY & Safiah MY Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Childhood obesity had been growing at an alarming rate and it is a common nutritional problem among children in developed as well as in developing countries. Overweight and obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary pattern and body mass index among primary school children. This is cross-sectional study conducted in a primary school in Kuala Selangor. Subjects were 204 children aged from seven to ten years old. A food frequency questionnaire developed for 7-10 years old children of another country and adopted for Malaysia was used to assess their dietary pattern. Children were shown pictures 24 types of commonly eaten local foods and popular foods for children. They were asked to indicate how often these foods were eaten for breakfast, lunch or dinner in a week. They were also asked about frequency of taking breakfast, lunch or dinner in a week. Weights and height were measured to determine body mass index. 28.9% of the children were overweight and 12.7% obese. 55.1% of the children skipped breakfast. The foods were categorised into healthy and unhealthy. A higher percentage of the children (50.3%) were taking a healthy diet compared to unhealthy diet. Among those who were taking a healthy diet 31.0% had normal BMI and 19.3% were overweight and obese. Among those who were taking unhealthy diet 23.5% had normal BMI and 25.2% were overweight and obese. There was a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among children who were eating unhealthy diet (X²statistics=3.905, p-value=0.048). Eating habits of school children should be closely monitored to halt the escalation of overweight and obesity in this country. II

59 Parental perception of child s weight status among preschool children in St. Theresa Kindergarten, Kuala Terengganu Tan HG and Serene TEH Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University The objective of this study is to determine parent s perception on their child s weight status as compared to their child s actual weight status among preschool children aged 5 to 6 in St Theresa Kindergarten, Kuala Terengganu. A cross-sectional study was carried out among the parents of preschool children. The questionnaire given to parents consists of 4 sections which comprise of socio-demographic information, perceptions of child s weight status, perceptions of child s body image and concern of child being overweight. The questionnaire was obtained from Child Feeding Questionnaire and child s body image figures were obtained from Collins (1991) stimuli for children. Child s weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated after parents completed the questionnaire. There were 114 parents with child aged 5-6 years. The prevalence of underweight in St. Theresa Kindergarten was 29.2%; normal 43.4% and overweight 27.4%. Parent s perception of child s weight status was compared with child s actual weight status to obtain the numbers of parents who misclassified their child s weight. Results show that 49.1% of the parents in the sample misclassified their child s weight status. Children s weight status was different from their parents perceptions of their weight status (7.5% underweight, 86.8% normal and 5.7% overweight). Results also show that child s age (p= 0.009), parent s education level (p= 0.004) and child s weight status (p<0.05) was found to have association with the accuracy of parents perception on child s weight status. Child s gender, ethnicity, household income and parent s weight status was not significantly associated with the accuracy of parent s perception. Results from this study indicate that a large proportion of parents misclassified their child s weight status. Government could combat childhood weight problem by tailoring educational interventions for parents to have an accurate weight perception which helps to increase parents awareness of their child s weight status. Effects of chemotherapy on nutritional status of pediatric and adolescent cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Won SY 1 and Sakinah H 2 1Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan; 2 Dietetic Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Cancer in children and adolescent has become not only a major health problem in Malaysia yet in Kelantan as well. Most of the patient undergone chemotherapy to maintain their health condition from time to time yet little was focused on the nutritional status of the patients. This study will look into the association between total side effects of chemotherapy and nutritional status of the cancer patients. Nutritional assessment was done which includes weight, height, body mass index (BMI), 24 hours dietary recall and socio demographic factors. A questionnaire was being interviewed to the caregiver of the patients who age ranges from 3 to 19 years old. Side effects of the chemotherapy which was the nutritional risk factors were asked through the questionnaire. Around 44 patients who comprised 27 pediatrics (19 males, 8 females) and 17 adolescents (10 IJ

60 males, 7 females) were involved in the study. A total of 34 patients (77.3%) had undergone chemotherapy. The mean age of the patients was 8.45 ± 4.5 years, the mean of BMI was ± 2.94 kg/m 2 and the mean of total calories was ± kcal/day. Total side effects of chemotherapy was shown to be negatively associated with total calories using Pearson Correlation (r= , p<0.05). Association between total side effects of chemotherapy with protein and carbohydrate were also shown negative correlation (r=-0.316, p<0.05) and (r=-0.379, p<0.05) respectively. In conclusion, there is a need to actively implement nutritional intervention to improve their quality of life as well as increasing their survival rate. IK

61 Day 2 Symposium 4: Promoting Nutritional Wellbeing The role of functional carbohydrates in weight management and healthy lifestyle Dr Antje Jungclaus Manager Nutrition Communication, BENEO GmbH / BENEO Institute, Gottlieb-Daimler Str. 12, Mannheim, Germany Nowadays weight management has become more and more a question of avoiding excess energy intake with the aim to maintain a healthy body weight. Managing weight has thereby far more aspects than energy balance and calorie counting. Energy intake is determined by the amount and composition of the food and its nutrient availability to the body, but also by complex regulatory mechanisms involving hormones related to hunger and satiety and to the overall energy balance. Moreover, the availability of carbohydrate and fat after a meal determines their fate in energy utilization and storage. The role of carbohydrates in this has long been underestimated. How small changes in the diet can have significant effects on body weight regulation and moderate weight loss shall be illustrated in this presentation along two examples: Palatinose TM (generic name: isomaltulose) is a novel disaccharide-type carbohydrate which is unique in that as result of its slower intestinal release it provides carbohydrate energy in a more balanced way over longer time. The lower blood glucose and insulin levels lead to a more beneficial metabolic profile and a higher fat utilization in energy metabolism. Related findings suggest that using Palatinose TM instead of traditional high glycemic sugars in a diet results in less visceral fat accumulation and improved body weight regulation. Inulin-type fructans from chicory are well established prebiotic fibres that can specifically influence energy intake. Inulin and oligofructose are not digested and absorbed, and thus provide less calories to the body. Apart from the energy value itself, however, studies with oligofructose and oligfructose-enriched inulin show that both ingredients contribute to helping healthy adults and adolescents lower their daily energy intake, which may be explained by an effect on appetite regulation Betapol Structured lipids for improved infant formula Dr Alfred Haandrikmann Group R&D Director, IOI Loders Croklaan, Wormeveer, Netherlands The most important source of energy and nutrient for an infant s growth is from the fat it consumes. The fat not only provides energy for growth; it also provides structural IL

62 building blocks, and can have many other biological functions. For feeding of healthy infants, breastfeeding is considered the optimal mode. Consequently, the most natural fat is definitely the human milk fat mother s milk. One of the features that makes HMF special is the naturally high content of palmitic acid in the second position of the triglyceride which is about 70-75%. Compared to the traditional vegetable blends used in infant formula the amount of palmitic acid in the second position of the triglyceride is about 10-17%, thus the functionality aspect has been found lacking. Taking this into consideration, Loders Croklaan developed a structured fat with the functionality aspects in mind and it is now used by infant formula manufactures to correct this lacking and provide infant formulas which mimics the mother s milk performance. Betapol - BETA POL means Oil with Palmitic acid in second position. Betapol mimics HMF in that it contains most of its palmitic acid in the second position. Betapol is produced through enzymatic rearrangements of palm oil and it s fractions. This process was patented by Loders Croklaan and as of today is now part of the IOI group. The efficacy of Betapol has been proven through clinical studies conducted over a period of more than 15 years. Clinical studies have shown that compared to traditional formulas, infant formulas containing Betapol provides:- i. Improved fat absorption ii. Improved calcium absorption iii. Reduced constipation iv. Increases bone mineral density and content Since 1995, Betapol has been used in infant formulas in Europe and its usage gain momentum in 2000 onwards. Today Betapol is used in vegetable blends for infant formulas around the world. Delivering nutrition, health and wellness through Nestlé Research Dr Allan Lim Group Manager, Food Science and Innovation Partnerships Nestlé R&D Center Pte Ltd, 29 Quality Road Singapore Nestlé Research is a powerhouse of science-driven, consumer-centric, business-aligned innovation. Structurally sound, intellectually strong and with a wealth of creative talent, all to support Nestlé s leadership in Nutrition, Health and Wellness. With 30 research, development and technology facilities worldwide, Nestlé has the largest R&D network of any food company. In recent years, this R&D capability has been further enhanced through Innovation Partnerships at each stage of the product development process from early stage collaborations with start up and biotech companies to late stage partnerships with its key suppliers. By bringing together all of its global R&D resources, Nestlé is able to provide high quality, safe food solutions for consumers worldwide whether this is in terms of nutrition, health, wellness, taste, texture or convenience. Nestlé s first R&D company in Asia was set up in Singapore 30 years ago, with the mission of deploying cutting-edge food technology for Asian food products. Today, this R&D center is an integral part of Nestlé s R&D network and plays a pivotal role in delivering nutrition, health and wellness to consumers in Singapore and countries in the JC

63 Asia Pacific region through innovative products. The case studies presented in this paper will demonstrate how consumer insight, quality, safety and sustainability are integrated into the process of innovation. Update of NSM nutrition promotion programmes Dr Tee E Siong President, Nutrition Society of Malaysia One of the main objectives of the Nutrition Society of Malaysia (NSM) is to promote healthy eating and active living amongst all Malaysians. We are guided by a simple belief the more people understand food and nutrition, the better they can care for their health and well-being. Empowering the people with appropriate nutrition knowledge is the long-term solution to preventing of diet-related diseases. Over the years, NSM has implemented numerous educational programmes for the community. These include out-reach programmes to the communities through a series of hugely popular nutrition roadshows; specific seminars and forum; TV and radio shows; numerous educational articles published in newspapers and magazines; a variety of leaflets, booklets and books for various target groups. These educational programmes are continuing and several of them are in collaboration with other professional organisations as well as the private sector. This presentation highlights the main projects that have been implemented by NSM in the last 2 years. Recognizing the interest of the public for actual examples of recipes for healthier ways to prepare meals, the NSM published yet another recipe book, after the two previous volumes of Healthy Recipes, Wise Choice. The Nutritionist s Choice Cookbook, Volume 1, published in March 2011, is a practical book on recipes for young children. Plans are being made to publish volume 2 of this Cookbook, focusing on recipes for older children, adolescents and adults. Also in relation to healthy recipes, NSM launched a Try Masak Sihat programme. This is to reach out to the public on healthier cooking methods using new media approaches. Also in the area of healthier food choices, NSM shall be launching a promotion programme to encourage the consumption of wholegrain foods. A booklet on whole grains explaining the healthful effects shall be published. Several nutrition promotion programmes for infants and children were implemented. This includes a Happy Healthy Mealtimes campaign targeted towards toddlers. The Mother s Smart Choice programme is a 3-year programme focused on promoting breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, and healthy meals for toddlers. The Healthy Kids Programme includes a nutrition awareness component as well as a research component, developing and evaluating the effectiveness of nutrition education modules for primary school children. The NSM is also a partner to the Positive Parenting Programme implemented by the Malaysian Pediatrics Association. Focus is also being given to mothers and woman of reproductive age. The MI-Care programme, initiated in 2011, focuses on care of the pregnant and lactating women. NSM also published a booklet on healthy eating for these women. Nutrition Month Malaysia (NMM), a collaborative programme amongst three professional bodies, namely NSM, the Malaysian Dietitian s Association (MDA) and the Malaysian Association for the Study of Obesity (MASO) continued to be implemented in This JD

64 nationwide programme to increase awareness of Malaysians towards importance of appropriate nutrition celebrated its 10 th anniversary in April this year. The Nutrition Society of Malaysia will continue to conduct intervention programmes to empower the people with the knowledge of healthy eating and active living. We will continue to advocate nutrition for health and wellness. We will strive to complement the government s vision of a healthier nation, and healthier Malaysians. Symposium 5: Nutrition Potpourri S.O.S OKU: Nutrition concerns in rehabilitation centres for disabilities Chen Seong Ting 1, Soo Kah Leng 2 & Sakinah Harith 1 1Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2 Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia With the advancement of healthcare system in Malaysia, challenges in disability should also be given equal public concerns and attentions like other health issues in order to produce an overall healthy nation. Multidisciplinary and further trans-disciplinary approach including nutrition is important as the disabled people are susceptible to malnutrition. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among intellectual disabled adults in community-based rehabilitation centres in Kelantan, Malaysia and to compare the nutritional status between intellectual disabled adults accompanied with Down s syndrome (DS) and non-ds disabled adults. A crosssectional study was conducted among 166 respondents (59 with DS and 107 without DS), aged 19 to 29 years, who attended to the centres. Anthropometric parameters of body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured. The parents or caregivers served as proxy for socio-demographic information and 24-hour dietary recall of the disabled. The survey demonstrated the overall prevalence of underweight based on WHO BMI classification was 23.5%; overweight and obese were 14.5% and 21.1% respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that adults with DS had higher BMI, WC and energy intake than non-ds group after adjusted for age and gender (p<0.05). DS adults were more vulnerable to overweight and obesity; and having abnormal WC than non-ds disabled adults (p<0.05). Mean energy intake of overweight and obese Down s syndrome men and women were 2636±442 kcal (108% of RNI) and 2399±608 kcal (120% of RNI) respectively. Disease-specific nutrition intervention is recommended as the disabled individual is unique; thus, strategies targeted to them should be appropriate and social-cultural sensitive that involve mutual contribution and cooperation from the individual, family, community and the healthcare team. JE

65 Household food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among mothers in Bachok, Kelantan Ihab AN 1, Rohana AJ 1, Wan Manan WM 2, N Wan Suriati WN 2 and Mohamed Rusli A 1 1Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan; 2 Program of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. The objective of this study is to examine the association between food insecurity, mother's nutritional and health status in rural sample in Bachok-Kelantan. A crosssectional survey of low income households was conducted and 223 households of mothers aged years old, non-lactating, non pregnant mother and having at least one child in 2-12 years range were purposively selected. A questionnaire was administered including the Radimer/Cornell scale; items on socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and quality of life tool (SF36). The results reported that 16.1% of the households were food secure, while 83.9% experienced some kind of food insecurity, (29.6% households were food insecure, 19.3% individuals were food insecure and 35.0% fell into the child hunger category). Based on multinomial logistic regression, larger household size (OR=1.776; C.I , 2.323; p< 0.001), number of children in the household (OR=1.207; C.I , 1.42; p< 0.001) and total monthly income (OR=0.997; C.I , p< 0.001) were found to be significant risk factors for household food insecurity. Although, the study reported higher prevalence of overweight and obese mothers (52%) and (47.1%) at-risk WC ( 80 cm), no significant association has been found between food insecurity, BMI and waist circumferences. All the eight domains of quality of life were negatively associated with food insecurity status. The results of this study highlighted the pervasive vulnerability of individuals living in food insecure households. In addition to nutritional complications, these households struggle with a broad spectrum of health problems. Internet interventions for cancer-related diet and lifestyle behaviour change: What works at the workplace? Ang YK 1, Kandiah M 1, Zalilah MS 2, Chan YM 2 and Hazizi AS 2 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University; 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Cancer has emerged as a major cause of death in developing countries including Malaysia. There is now compelling evidence that cancer is largely a preventable disease. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that management of nutrition and lifestyle risk factors such as dietary fat, intake of fruits and vegetables, smoking habit, alcohol consumption and physical activity, could have an important contribution in cancer prevention. The internet is increasingly being used as a platform for the delivery of health information. This paper aims firstly to review selected internet interventions that have targeted worksite populations and secondly to showcase a worksite intervention carried out at a Malaysian Public University. Diet and lifestyle interventions can be categorized into three different levels. Level I worksite intervention focuses only on increasing cancer awareness that includes knowledge and psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy, perceived cancer threat, perceived benefits and barriers. Examples of communication strategies used in level 1 are flyers, posters, newsletter, special events etc. Level II interventions are designed to help employees make behaviour changes such as eating JF

66 more fruits and vegetables and less saturated fat, be physically active, and quit smoking and avoid alcohol. It involves setting goals, developing skills needed to change behaviours, providing support for change and evaluating progress. Internet applications such as website and are examples of communication strategies at the workplace. Level III intervention works toward creating environments that support behaviour changes through workplace policy changes and are grounded in health behaviour theories. A 10-week -linked website intervention in a Malaysian university showed a significant positive change (p<0.05) in cancer prevention knowledge, and psychosocial factors related to diet and physical activity. Specifically, significant increases in the intervention group were observed in serving size for fruit and vegetable, total physical activity and walking. The use of the internet and its applications as a means to educate employees at the worksite on cancer prevention should be maximized as it is increasingly accessible to them. Association between dietary glycemic index, dietary fiber and adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Beng-In Loh, S. Daniel Robert, Hamid Jan JM Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Low adiponectin plasma levels are good biomarker of insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies have evaluated dietary predictors of plasma adiponectin levels, especially among subjects with Type 2 diabetes in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of dietary glycemic index and dietary fiber with plasma adiponectin concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 305 diabetic individuals aged years from the Outpatient Department, Penang General Hospital. Socio demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire while IPAQ was used to assess physical activity. Anthropometry measurement includes weight, height, waist circumference and body fat composition. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Dietary details were determined by using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression. After multivariate adjustment, dietary glycemic index was inversely associated with plasma adiponectin (β =-0.325, 95% CI , ; P <0.001). In contrast, high intake of dietary fiber was positively associated with increased plasma adiponectin levels, adjusting for lifestyle factors (β =0.350, 95% CI 0.101, 0.433; P =0.002). Twenty six percent (26.3%) of the variation in adiponectin concentrations is explained by age, gender, race, physical activity, smoking, magnesium, dietary fiber and dietary glycemic index according to the multiple linear regression model (R 2 =0. 263). Within the R square value, fifteen percent (15.3%) of the variation is explained by glycemic index and fiber (R 2 =0. 153). This study concluded that diets high in fiber and low in glycemic index may increase plasma adiponectin concentrations in diabetic patients. JG

67 Nutritional status of Malaysian youth football players during Ramadhan month Nor Faizadatul Ain Ab Wahid 1, Noor Faezah Abdul Jalil 1, Siti Musyrifah Ismail 1, Albert Tan Ti Wey 1, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed 2, Ang Boon Suen 2 and Rabindarjeet Singh 2 1Sports Science Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia The study aimed to determine the effect of fasting on body composition, hydration status and food intake of Malaysian youth football players during Ramadhan month. Twenty male football players (age years old) participated in this study. This study involved three phases which were pre-ramadhan (PreR), second week of Ramadhan (Week2R) and forth week of Ramadhan (Week4R). Body composition was determined in each phase using skinfold method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody 230). Urine was collected twice on the day of testing (morning and evening) and the hydration status of athletes was determined using Urine Specific Gravity (USG) analysis. Food intake was assessed using 24hours diet recall and was interviewed by nutritionists involved in the study. A one way ANOVA was used to test the significance between each phase. There was no significant differences before and during Ramadhan in body weight (p=0.881), BMI (p=0.811) and sum of seven skinfolds (p=0.816). There was also no significant differences insubcutaneous fat at seven skinfold sites (triceps, subscapular, biceps, supraspinale, abdominal, mid thigh and medial calf) and circumferences at five sites (arm relax, arm flexed, waist, hip and calf). For hydration status, there wasno significant differences in themorning USG value (p=0.065) and evening USG value (p=0.800) between each phase. There also no significance differences between morning and evening USG values duringprer (p=0.736) and Week2R (p=0.100). However, there was significant differences during morning and evening USG values at Week4R (p=0.001). Even though there were significant differences, their USG value showed that at each phase they were hydrated or minimally hydrated. Their food intake also showed no significant differences when compared to each phase (p=0.091). They managed to maintain their caloric intake despite having two main meals during Ramadhan month. This study showed that fasting during Ramadhan month does not affect body composition, hydration status and energy intake in Malaysian youth football players. Maternal total serum adiponectin in relation to maternal anthropometric measurements and birth outcomes: USM Birth Cohort Study Marhazlina M 1, Loy SL 1, Nik Mohamed Zaki NM 2, Wang Y 3 and Hamid Jan JM 1 1Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2 Obstetric and Gynecology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia; 3Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong There is growing evidence showing that maternal serum adiponectin is associated with maternal adiposity and subsequently influencing fetal growth thus leading to the development of obesity in later life. Hence, this study aimed to examine the association of maternal total serum adiponectin with maternal anthropometric measurements and birth outcomes. A total of 189 Malay pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years old, who were at their first trimester were randomly recruited from April 2010 to May 2011 in Antenatal JH

68 Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia to participate in this ongoing prospective cohort study. Fasting blood samples were drawn at the first trimester of pregnancy and the determination of total serum adiponectin were performed using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Maternal anthropometric measurements were taken twice at their first and third trimester and infant anthropometric measurements were taken at birth. Results showed the maternal total serum adiponectin ranges between 0.371µg/mL and 7.524µg/mL. Multivariate regression analyses showed that total serum adiponectin were negatively associated with maternal neck circumference (β=-0.047, p<0.05) and mid thigh circumference (β =-0.007, p<0.05) at first trimester, and triceps (β =-0.010, p<0.05) and neck circumference (β =-0.038, p<0.05) at third trimester. Maternal total adiponectin was also a significant predictor of birth weight (β =-0.376, p<0.05). As a conclusion, these results highlight that the maternal total adiponectin may influence maternal adiposity during pregnancy and modulate fetal growth. JI

69 Poster Presentations: Day 1 Group A: Nutritional Status (various groups) and Community Interventions A01 Oral health status, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status among institutionalized elderly aged 55 years and above Amirul Asyraf I 1, Zaitun Y 1 and Tanti Irawati R 2 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang; 2 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between oral health status, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status among institutionalized elderly aged 55 years and above in Rumah Seri Kenangan Cheras and Seremban. Information on socio-demographic background and lifestyle practices were obtained through face-to-face interview. Weight, height, calf circumference (CC) and midupper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured using appropriate instruments and standard procedures. Three-day dietary intake was assessed through 24-hour dietary recall and OHRQoL was determined using the Malaysian short version of Oral Health Impact Profile [S-OHIP(M)]. Total score of S-OHIP(M) was calculated and the higher the total score of S-OHIP(M), the poorer the perception of OHRQoL. Total number of remaining teeth and total occluding pairs of occluding teeth (POP) were examined by a qualified dentist. The score for total decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was computed. A total of 71 elderly with a mean age of 68.35±7.81 years were recruited. Half of the elderly (53.6%) smoked and few of them (5.6%) consumed alcohol. The mean body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were 56.44±11.61 kg, ±9.42 cm and 23.46±4.37 kg/m² respectively. A total of 33.9% of the elderly were categorized as overweight and obese ( 25 kg/m²). The mean for CC and MUAC were 32.32±3.66 cm and 27.55±3.75 cm respectively. The mean total number of remaining teeth was 8.59±9.77 whereas the mean total POP was 0.99±2.09. The total score of S-OHIP(M) was 8.04± Pearson correlation showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) between BMI with total number of remaining teeth (r=0.237) and total score of S-OHIP(M) (r=0.266). There was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between oral health status (total of remaining teeth, total POP and total DMFT) with nutrient intake (calorie, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, dietary fiber, vitamin A and Vitamin C). There was also no significant correlation between oral health status with total score of S-OHIP(M). Poor oral health status and OHRQoL will have an undesirable impact on the nutritional status of the elderly. Therefore, it is important to promote healthy oral health habits throughout life to ensure optimal oral health and related quality of life among older adults. A02 Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis equipments with air displacement plethysmography for the estimation of body composition among adolescents Ang YN 1, Chan KQ 2 and Poh BK 1 JJ

70 1Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2 Department of Sports and Exercise Science, School of Arts and Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman College, Kuala Lumpur With the rising trend of obesity among adolescents, it is important that their body composition to be determined accurately. The aim of this study was to validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) techniques for the measurement of body composition among adolescents against air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as the reference method. A total of 126 Malay subjects (50 boys and 76 girls) aged 12 to 18 years from Kuala Lumpur took part in this study. Body composition was determined by BIA using Bodystat Quadscan 4000, BioScan 916 and Inbody 230; and by ADP technique using Bod Pod. Mean body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were 54.7 ± 17.1 kg, ± 8.4 cm and 21.4 ± 5.7 kg/m 2, respectively. Mean body fat percentage from Bod Pod GS was 25.5 ± 10.8 %. Bodystat Quadscan 4000 (25.5 ± 9.3 %) had the best agreement with Bod Pod GS. Bodystat Quadscan 4000 (-0.1 ± 4.8 %, p=0.988) and Inbody 230 (0.7 ± 6.6 %, p=0.233) were found to have no significant difference of mean body fat from Bod Pod GS but BioScan 916 with Bod Pod GS (1.5 ± 5.1 %) showed significant difference (p<0.05). BIA techniques underestimated body fat percentage and fat mass but overestimated fat free mass (FFM). The highest correlation for body fat percentage with Bod Pod GS was Bodystat Quadscan 4000 (r=0.896, p<0.01), followed by BioScan 916 (r=0.882, p<0.01) and Inbody 230 (r=0.843, p<0.01). Bland-Altman plots showed good agreements between all techniques with Bod Pod GS but Bodystat Quadscan 4000 was the best. In conclusion, among all the BIA techniques, Bodystat Quadscan 4000 showed the best agreement with Bod Pod GS in measuring the body composition of adolescents. Hence, validated Bodystat Quadscan 4000 is a good alternative for estimating the body fat of adolescents in Malaysia. A03 Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) projects on Obesity in 2010 funded by the Health Promotion Board Malaysia Chan CL 1, Ruzita Abd Talib 1, Ismail MN 2, Thavaraj S 3 1School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UniSZA; 3 Malaysian Health Promotion Board Prevalence of obesity in Malaysia has been steadily rising over the last two decades and efforts towards curbing this problem is becoming increasingly necessary. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity projects conducted by the NGOs funded by the Malaysian Health Promotion Board (MHPB). In this study, the secondary data from the final reports of 22 obesity projects were analyzed to evaluate its effectiveness. All the information in the final report was transferred into the formative evaluation forms prepared by MHPB. The effectiveness of obesity projects was determined through the level of achievement of health literacy by using 21 indicators validated data extraction tool based on the RE-AIM Model. Projects which achieved 15 to 21 marks are considered to be of high quality, 8 to 14 marks are considered to be of moderate quality and 0 to 7 marks are categorized as low quality. Using the Cohen s Kappa test to assess the inter-rater reliability towards 21 indicators validated data extraction tool based on the RE-AIM Model, it was found that there was very high level of inter-rater agreement (K = 0.868). From the 22 obesity projects studied, none was considered to be of high quality, 21 projects were found to have a moderate quality and 1 project was found to be of low quality. There was no significant difference on the JK

71 percentage achievement of health literacy between different duration of project undertaken (p > 0.05). Based on the health screening of 1982 project participants, 333 (16.8%) are overweight and 354 (17.9%) are obese. In conclusion, although majority of the projects were successfully carried out by the NGOs. A follow-up study is needed to monitor lifestyles change which may eventually lead to reduction in the prevalence of obesity in the community where the projects were executed. A04 Diet quality, nutrition knowledge and nutritional status among older adults Chia MS and Zaitun Y Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between diet quality, nutrition knowledge and nutritional status among older adults in Pangkor Island, Perak. A total of 147 Chinese older adults (72 males and 75 females) whose age ranged from 55 to 80 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via door-todoor survey. Information on socio-demographic background and nutrition knowledge were collected through face-to-face interview. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24- hour dietary recall and converted into a modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Anthropometric variables were measured using appropriate instruments and standard procedures. The mean daily energy intake of the respondents was 1192±379 Kcal. The percentage of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat were 41.73%, 22.75% and 36.18% respectively. The mean total HEI score was 53.44±7.75. The respondents scored high in the components of cereals and grains, fish, sodium and variety, but scored low in the components of milk and dairy products, legumes and fruits. A majority of the respondents (66.7%) who scored between 51 and 80 had diet that needs improvement, and about one-third (33.3%) of them who scored less than 51 were categorized as having a poor diet. Based on the HEI score, none of the respondent was considered having a good diet. The mean total nutrition knowledge score was 17.43±6.21, out of possible maximum achievable score of 39. For nutritional status, 25.2% and 2.0% of the respondents were categorized as overweight and obese, respectively. According to the MUAC classification, 0.7% of the respondents were categorized as malnourished or with muscle wasting. It is important to improve the diet quality and nutrition knowledge among older adults. Appropriate intervention and strategies to promote health and provide nutrition information to older adults should be considered including identifying barriers that put older adults at risk for nutritional problems. A05 Adaptation and validation of physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-A) among adolescents in Malaysia Choo SY and Poh BK Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Physical activity questionnaires are the most commonly used tool to measure physical activity especially in epidemiological studies, and obtaining good accuracy with this method is a challenge. The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the PAQ-A among Malaysian adolescents aged 13 to 17 years old by assessing reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity of PAQ-A. This questionnaire consisted of eleven JL

72 questions, focussing on physical activities in school, after school and during leisure time, as well as sedentary activities. We translated and back-translated the PAQ-A into Bahasa Malaysia. Reliability was evaluated among 129 secondary school adolescents (mean age 14.4 ± 1.1 years old, mean BMI 18.6 ± 2.0 kgm -2 ) who completed the questionnaires by recalling their physical activities for the past seven days, on two separate administrations conducted seven days apart. Validity was determined in a sub-sample of 45 adolescents, who were required to wear an Actical accelerometer during waking hours for seven consecutive days. The seven-day Actical data was used as criterion. Reliability test for PAQ-A showed significant correlation between the first and the second administration for total activity scores (r=0.795, p<0.001); moderate and vigorous activities (MVPA) (r=0.785, p<0.001); and sedentary activities (r=0.802, p<0.001). No significant differences in the total activity scores, time spent for MVPA and sedentary activities were found between the first and second administrations. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that mean time for MVPA and sedentary activities fell between ±2SD lines, indicating agreement between the two administrations. The overall reliability of PAQ-A was good (Cronbach s alpha=0.886). For validation, PAQ-A was significantly correlated with measurements from Actical for total activity scores (r=0.279, p<0.001) and MVPA (r=0.236, p<0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed agreement for MVPA and sedentary activities between PAQ-A and Actical where both methods fell between ±2SD lines. PAQ-A has 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity in predicting the adolescents achievement of the current Malaysian Dietary Guidelines recommendation of at least 60 minutes of moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity daily. In conclusion, the PAQ- A has been shown to have a high level of reliability and moderate level of validity with acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity of the PAQ-A and is applicable for use among Malaysian adolescents. A06 Validity and reliability of bulimia test revised (BULIT-R) among adolescents in Bangi, Selangor Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Kaartina S, Hiew CC and Chin YS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor DE Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R) has been widely used in Western countries as self-report measure of bulimia nervosa. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the reliability and construct validity of the BULIT-R among adolescents in Bangi, Selangor. A total of 302 adolescents (152 males and 150 females) aged 13 to 15 years from two secondary schools in Bangi, Selangor participated in this study. Majority of the respondents were Malays (75.5%), followed by Chinese (13.6%), and Indians (10.9%). BULIT-R consists of 28-items and each item is scored using 5-point likert scale. Possible scores for BULIT-R ranged from 28 to 140, whereby score greater than 104 being indicative of bulimia nervosa. All respondents were required to complete the BULIT-R, Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale (MBIS). Their body weight and height were measured by the researchers. The internal consistency of BULIT-R was determined using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was determined by correlating the BULIT-R with BMI-for-age (z-score), disordered eating and body image using the Pearson product-moment correlations. The result found that the internal consistency of BULIT-R is good (α=0.75). The BULIT-R was correlated with z-score (r=0.283, p<0.01), EAT score (r=0.397, p<0.01) and MBIS score (r=0.512, p<0.01). In short, the BULIT-R can be used as a valid and reliable measure of bulimia nervosa for adolescents in this study. KC

73 A07 High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among children aged 7 to 12 years in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Fatihah F, Ruzita AT & Poh BK Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur This cross sectional study was conducted to determine vitamin D status and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in healthy 7- to 12- year-old children in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 341 healthy children (143 boys, 198 girls) from Kota Bharu (urban area) and Kuala Berang (rural area) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements included body weight and height, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured among a subsample of 118 children (43 boys, 75 girls). Serum 25(OH)D level below 50.0nmol/L was defined as hypovitaminosis D; between 37.5 and 50.0nmol/L as insufficiency; and 37.5nmol/L or less as deficiency. Duration of daily sunlight exposure was determined by using sunlight exposure questionnaire. Mean age of the children was 9.85±1.40 years. Mean weight, height and BMI were 31.24±10.17 kg, 1.33±0.09 m and 17.19±3.72 kg/m 2, respectively. Mean serum levels of 25(OH)D was 48.4±15.5nmol/L among all children; with boys (58.6±15.0nmol/L) having significantly (p<0.001) greater amount of serum levels of vitamin D compared to girls (42.6±12.5nmol/L). However, there was no significant difference in mean serum levels of 25(OH)D between urban (47.3±16.7nmol/L) and rural (49.6±14.2nmol/L) areas. This study revealed a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (58.5%), with almost equal proportions of vitamin D insufficiency (28.8%) and deficiency (29.7%). From Chi-square test, there was a significant association between duration of sunlight exposure and vitamin D status (Χ 2 =10.46, p<0.01). In conclusion, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia was observed in this study. Increments in the duration of sunlight exposure may be one of the most important steps in preventing vitamin D deficiency among these children who live in sun-rich Malaysia. A08 Nutritional status, fast food consumption pattern and physical activity among students from faculty of food Science & technology in University Putra Malaysia (UPM) Gwee YC 1 and Satvinder Kaur 2 Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition, UCSI University The lifestyle and dietary practices of university students can be easily affected as they are living independently during college times. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status, fast food consumption pattern and physical activity among students from Faculty of Food Science & Technology in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). This study employed cross sectional study and quota and convenient sampling method. The questionnaires consist of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Fast Food Consumption Pattern Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference of subjects were measured. A number of 205 students participated in this study. 53.2% of participants were normal weight. Majority of subjects were in normal body fat percentage (72.7%) and waist circumference (87.3%). Most of the nutrients intake had met the KD

74 Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). However, it was observed that the carbohydrate among subjects was slightly higher than RNI, and the calcium intake among female subjects did not meet the RNI. 75.6% of the subjects conducted moderate physical activity level. 61.5% of subjects consume fast food less than once per week. The predominant reason for participant to consume fast food was the Taste of food (45.4%). Physical activity was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r=-0.167, p<0.05) and waist circumference (r=-0.160, p<0.05). Sitting time was significantly correlated with waist circumference (r=0.143, p<0.05). BMI, body fat percentage, intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat, and sodium increased along with the increased fast food consumption. Attention should be made on the lifestyle and dietary practices of university students in order to ensure university students acquire good health throughout the university life. A09 Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling Malay elderly in Ulu Kinta, Perak: The relationship between anthropometric and functional status Haslan SM & Siti Nur Asyura Adznam Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socio-economic status, anthropometric status and functional status with depressive symptoms among Malay elderly in community of Ulu Kinta, Perak. Information on personal background was collected using a face-to-face interview. A total of 80 Malay elder adults participated in this study which consisted of 39 male and 41 female whose age ranged 60 to 103 years. Functional status was measured using the Instrumental Activity Daily Living (IADL), Elderly Mobility Score (EMS) and Cognitive Function Test (CFT), depressive symptoms status was measured using Malay validated Geriatric Depression Scale (M- GDS-14). Weight, arm span and waist circumference were measured using appropriate equipment and standard procedures. Height was estimated using the height alternative formula. The results showed that 33.9% of respondents were had a depressive symptoms with 17.6% and 16.3% were male and female respectively. Respondents who lives with their spouse and children or others were more depressed compared to respondents who were stayed alone, which significantly different (p<0.05) found in male respondents. Besides, there was a significant different (p<0.05) in depressive symptoms for bad chewing and appetite condition within female respondents. Almost 51.2% of the respondent were having abdominal obesity. However, more respondents without abdominal obesity were founded had depressive symptoms (p<0.05). Depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with anthropometric status (Weight, r= , p=0.001; BMI, r= , p=0.001; Waist circumference, r= , p=0.023) among male and (Weight, r= 0.558, p<0.001; BMI, r= 0.536, p=0.001; Waist circumference, r= 0.370, p=0.017) female. However, depressive symptoms were not significantly correlated with socio-economic status and functional status. In conclusion, high BMI in female and low BMI in male were found to have depressive symptoms. Therefore, an appropriate intervention program need to be provided to elderly who at risk to prevent further complication. KE

75 A10 Birth weight and ferritin is associated with cognitive function among children living in a rural area in Kelantan Hasmiza H 1, Pim CD 3, Ng LO 4, Wan Manan WM 2 and Hamid Jan JM 2 1Dietetic programme, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia; 2 Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 3 Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 4 Health Psychology Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia The objective of this study was to investigate the association between nutritional status and iron status with the cognitive function of the primary school children. A crosssectional study was conducted where 249 Malay primary school children (122 males and 127 females) aged 6-9 years old were recruited by systematic sampling method in rural area of Bachok, Kelantan. Anthropometric measurement for weight and height were taken and nutritional status of the children was determined based on WHO 2007 growth reference. Birth weight was recorded from the birth certificate. Venous blood sample was drawn for haemoglobin and serum ferritin analysis. Cognitive function was assessed using Raven s Coloured Progressive Matricess (RCPM) and has been translated to Bahasa Malaysia and validated accordingly. Results revealed that the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia was 12.6% and 7.7%, respectively. Prevalence of children who had iron deficiency anaemia was found to be almost same in girls (7.8%) than boys (7.7%). However, more boys were found to have iron deficiency (14.4%) compared to girls (10.7%). Pearson s correlation test showed that there were no significant associations between all nutritional status indicators with the cognitive function of the children. However birth weight (r=0.159, p<0.05) and ferritin (r=0.218, p<0.001) correlated significantly with the cognitive function. Significant difference was also found between iron status of the children and the cognitive function (F=20.41, p< 0.001). Multiple linear regression tests showed that serum ferritin contribute the most significant factor to the cognitive performance variance (R 2 = 0.071, p< 0.001). The study emphasizes the fact that birth weight and iron status are important factors in determining cognitive performance of the school children. Thus, it is important to overcome the problems of malnutrition especially iron deficiency anaemia at the time of birth and duirng childhood as it affects the children s cognitive function. A11 Evaluation of Non-Governmental Organizations health promotion projects in 2010 funded by the Malaysian Health Promotion Board Heng SY 1, Norimah AK 1, Ismail MN 2 and S.Thavaraj SS 3 1Nutrition Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2 Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu; 3 Malaysian Health Promotion Board, Putrajaya. Malaysian Health Promotion Board provides grants for the non-governmental organizations to organize health promotion projects since 2008 but to date no study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the projects funded. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of transferring health information and to determine the prevalence of diseases in 28 community projects using both qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. Qualitative analysis involved evaluating the health literacy by using the validated 21-items RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness/efficacy, adoption, implementation, KF

76 maintenance) coding sheet. The projects were then classified into low, moderate and high health literacy. Quantitative analysis was used to calculate the percentage effectiveness for each project using the averages of health literacy, achievement of specific objectives, effort of program publicity and allocation of budget. The relationship of the percentage effectiveness with the project duration was also examined. Only 11 out of 28 projects reported the results of health screening. The most prevalent disease in the area covered is high blood pressure while the least prevalent disease is mental health problems. Out of the 28 projects, only 21% (6 projects) achieved the objectives according to the SMART formula, which included specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-framed. There were 14% (4 projects) classified as low health literacy, 86% (24 projects) as moderate health literacy and none of the projects was classified as high health literacy. 46% (13 projects) were effective in overall aspects (health literacy, achievement of objectives, effort of publicity and allocation of budget), while the remaining 54% (15 projects) needed to improve their implementations. No significant difference was observed between the percentage effectiveness and duration of projects. A positive and significant (p<0.001) correlations were found between percentage effectiveness with efforts of program publicity (r=0.816) and allocations of budget (r=0.537). In conclusion, components such as program publicity and budget allocations need to be emphasized in ensuring the effectiveness of a given program. A12 Child- and parent-proxy report of health-related quality of life among a sample of Malaysian adolescents: reliability and validity of PedsQL 4.0. Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, Woon FC, Hiew CC, Chin YS, Zalilah MS, Mohd Nasir MT Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Helath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity have increased substantially, raising concerns about the physical and psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity. The PedsQL 4.0 is developed to provide a generalized assessment of well-being measured along multiple dimensions including physical, functional, psychological and social wellbeing. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of PedsQL 4.0 among a sample of Malaysian adolescents. A cross-sectional multistage study was carried out in 3 schools in the state of Selangor. A total of 374 Malaysian students aged between years were randomly selected to complete the PedsQL 4.0 that assesses the health related quality of life (HRQOL). Body weight and height of students were measured and BMI-for-age by gender was used to determine the body weight status. A parent-proxy PedsQL 4.0 was also distributed to the parents of the respondents. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (23.5%) was four times higher than the prevalence of thinness (5.3%) and severe thinness (0.5%) although 70.7% adolescents were normal in weight. Convergent and discriminant validity was conducted using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) by AMOS software. Factor loadings for physical, emotional, social and school functioning dimensions of child and parent-proxy were at least 0.7. The child self-report and parent proxy-report reported a high AVE (>0.5) indicates that both child self-report and parent-proxy of HRQOL have high convergent validity. Adolescents with a high BMI have reported to have poor HRQOL (r= -0.18, P<0.05). Internal consistency for child selfreport was α=0.91 whereas for parent proxy-report was α=0.98, indicating the PedsQL 4.0 is a reliable instrument. The result demonstrates that the child self-report and parent proxy-report of PedsQL 4.0 were valid and reliable to assess HRQOL among Malaysian adolescents aged years. KG

77 A13 Assessment of worksite physical and social environments on healthy food choices and physical activity of blue-collar workers: Findings from an automotive factory in Pulau Pinang Kan MY 1, Ang YK 1 and Wong WY 2 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur; 2 Boon Siew Honda Sdn Bhd Several literatures have shown that dietary and physical activity behaviours are partly due to the interplay of multiple influences across different environmental context. The worksite settings and social environment affect the availability of food and impact barriers as well as opportunities that facilitate or hinder an individual from practicing healthy eating and active living. This study aims to assess the factory physical and social environments for healthy food choices and physical activity and determine the general perception of blue-collar workers on food and physical activity environments. Data were obtained on 313 workers with informed consent using an established worksite environments instrument and standard anthropometric measurements. The workers from all departments were conveniently selected during non-production days. The common diet facilities used at the factory were dining tables and chairs. Many fast food restaurants were found nearby the factory/ neighborhood. For physical activity facilities, football field and recreational park were commonly used. Around 38% and 33% of the workers do not have social supports from their family members and friends for healthy food choices and physical activity, respectively. Thirty percent perceived hardly to eat healthily at the factory while 44% perceived difficulty in getting fruits and vegetables. Some workers (24%) perceived hardly to carry out physical activity. Approximately 27% and 34% claimed that hardly to obtain healthy eating and physical activity information, respectively. Further analyses showed that no correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and frequency usage of diet and physical activity environment components. In contrast, there was a weak correlation between BMI and social support on healthy food choices ( 2 =16.16, p<0.05), but no correlation for social support on physical activity. There was a significant difference in worker's perception on healthy food choices for gender (t=0.218, p<0.05), but not for worker s perception on physical activity (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study provides some background information for planning and developing a health intervention among blue-collar workers in a factory and other similar worksites. A14 Stages of change among overweight and obese university students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Kang JS and Zuriati I Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Successful behavioural change according to transtheoretical model involves the progression through the series of stages of change. There was lacking of research study focused on weight loss behavioural change among overweight and obese young adults despite their high prevalence of being overweight and obese. A descriptive cross-sectional study aims to describe the stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy to lose weight among overweight and obese university students in Universiti KH

78 Putra Malaysia (UPM) was conducted. After simple random sampling among 16 faculties in UPM, 146 respondents from four selected faculties were recruited to complete selfadministered questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, Weight: Stages of change, Weight: Processes of change, Weight: Decisional balance, Eating self-efficacy scale, Exercise efficacy scale and anthropometry data. 44.5% respondents were in action, 31.5% in maintenance, 15.1% in precontemplation and 8.9% in contemplation stage. The experimental processes of change most frequently used were social liberation (2.74±0.70) for those in the precontemplation stage and consciousness raising for those in the contemplation (3.08±0.71) and action (3.43±0.85) stages. Consciousness raising (3.40±0.88) and self reevaluation (3.40±0.91) were the processes used most frequently by respondents in the maintenance stage. Self liberation (>3.00) was the most frequently used behavioural processes of change in all of the four stages of change. Decisional balance pro scores (3.84±0.70) were the highest for respondents in the contemplation stage. Exercise efficacy (44.60±15.87) and eating self-efficacy (negative affect) scores (4.95±0.77) were the highest for those in the contemplation stage whereas eating selfefficacy (socially acceptable circumstances) score (3.55±1.35) was the highest for those in the action stage. There were significance differences of seven processes of change, decisional balance pro score and eating self-efficacy (socially acceptable circumstances) among the respondents in four stages of change. There were no significant relationships between stages of change to lose weight with sociodemographic characteristics and body weight status. This study warrants for future intervention study in the management of overweight and obesity among university students. A15 Psychosocial factor and quality of life among obese adult in Perlis Khairiah K & Rokiah MY Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia In Malaysia, the prevalence of obesity have increased based on National Health and Morbidity Survey III in The study on assesing the quality of life among obese adult and factors associated with quality of life is still lacking. Based on few studies, there are many factors affecting their quality of life and one of the factor is social support based. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of psychosocial factor (social support) and quality of life among obese adult in Perlis. Convenience sampling method was used. Data were collected in the state of Perlis using self-administered questionnaire which consisted of three parts; assessing socioeconomic characteristic, social support (Berlin Social Support) and Quality of life (SF-36). A total of 43 respondents participated in the survey with 28 female and 15 male respondents. As for the result, they reported having poorer quality of life compared to the general population. The bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant different in the score of actual received social support between male and female (p<0.05). For both male and female, there were significant association between total social support and general health domain (r= 0.335) and also between social support and role-emotion domain(r=0.68). Social support was associated with quality of life in obese adult in few domain of quality of life. As a conclusion, more attention is needed for increasing social support for this obese group. KI

79 A16 Weight management knowledge and practices among female primary school teachers in Ampang Lai YQ and Shashikala S Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur Non-communicable disease (NCD) had become a pandemic spread throughout the world. Overweight and obesity had increased recently in our country, especially among female adults. This study was done to examine the weight management knowledge and practices among female primary school teachers in Ampang. The targeted subjects were full-time primary school teachers aged between 18 to 60 years old. The study design for this research was cross-sectional. A total of 201 questionnaires were distributed to school teachers using convenient sampling method.the questionnaire consists of demographic and anthropometric indices, body image perception, physical activity, dietary practices and weight management knowledge. Most of the subjects (50.3%) were concern about their body weight and there were 45.6% of the subjects perceived their current body weight as overweight. There was 31.6% of the subjects were less satisfied with their body weight and 71.5% of the subjects desired to lose weight. Most of the subjects choose the normal weight body shape as their ideal and healthy body shape (67.9%) but 42.0% of them perceive their current body size as 10% overweight body shape. There was a positive discrepancy score (1.05±0.48) which showed that there are body dissatisfaction among the subjects. Majority of the subjects were not active in exercise and games. There were 63.7% of the subjects skip meals in their daily life. Results revealed that most of the subjects (64.8%) have moderate level of weight management knowledge. There was a very weak relationship between BMI and discrepancy score (r=0.660, p<0.05). There were significant correlation between BMI and body parts satisfaction (r=-0.151, p<0.05) and dietary practice (r=0.161, p<0.05). In a conclusion, primary school teachers in Ampang have a moderate level of weight management knowledge. In order to increase their awareness in weight management knowledge, government should put more effort in educating the teachers and students in school. A17 Prevalence and Association of Anthropometric Measurements with Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in Bachok, Kelantan Laila Ruwaida MZ 1,2, Nur Firdaus I 2, Kah Leng S 2, Wan Manan WM 2 and Hamid Jan JM 2 1Dietetic Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; 2 Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Metabolic syndrome has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Studies showed that some anthropometric measurements can influence metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the association of anthropometric measurements with metabolic syndrome among adults in Bachok, Kelantan. This cross sectional study was done in Bachok, Kelantan involving 298 respondents aged between 18 to 70 years old. The study used a structured questionnaire to obtain information on demographics; KJ

80 lifestyle and medical history. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure were measured. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to predict the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined using JIS (Joint Interim Statement) definition. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.5%. The prevalence was higher among female subjects. For body weight status, 41.6 % of the subjects were overweight and 13.4% were obese. There were 41.3 % of respondents with normal body weight while 3.7% were underweight. A total of 37.4% of subjects had acceptable (lower end) body fat status. More than half of subjects had unhealthy body fat status, 32.7% had acceptable (upper end) body fat percentage while 23.8% had unhealthy (too high) fat percentage. Only 6.1 % of subjects had unhealthy (too low) body fat percentage. About 48.8% of subjects were at risk of abdominal obesity while 47.8% showed at risk WHR. High BMI (>25kg/m -2 ) (B= 4.978, p<0.001) and high body fat percentage (B= 3.160, p <0.05) were identified as independent modifiable risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Weight management lifestyle modification should be implemented as a prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. A18 Validation of The Malaysian Cohort Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-MC) with Actical accelerometer among adults aged 35 to 65 years Lee KY 1, Poh BK 1, Rahman J 2 and Ismail MN 3 1School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 3 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Questionnaires are the most widely used instrument for large-scale epidemiological studies. A reliable and validated physical activity questionnaire is essential to precisely assess both physical activity pattern and level at the population level. The Malaysian Cohort Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-MC) which comprises 26 questions and 5 domains was developed to assess the physical activity level of Malaysian adults aged 35 to 65 years. This study aimed to assess the reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity of PAQ-MC among healthy adults of Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnicities. Reliability of PAQ-MC was assessed by test-retesting 135 subjects (62 men and 73 women) and was interview-administered at 7-day intervals. Concurrent validity of PAQ- MC was assessed in 70 subjects (30 men and 40 women) by comparing data collected from 7-day Actical accelerometer against data from the second administration of PAQ- MC. For test-test reliability, Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant differences in time spent for overall total physical activity and its sub-components (vigorous activity, moderate activity, walking, sitting and sleeping) at 7-day intervals. Spearman correlations revealed significant correlation for total physical activity (r=0.837; p<0.001) and its sub-components of physical activity (r= , p<0.001) between two interview sessions. For concurrent validity, total physical activity measured from PAQ- MC (MET-min week -1 ) and accelerometer (count min -1 week -1 ) showed significant correlation (r=0.409, p<0.05), similarly for moderate-vigorous activity (MVPA) (r=0.373, p<0.05), moderate activity (r=0.347, p<0.05) and vigorous activity (r=261, p<0.05). However, Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that self reported time spent for different intensities in physical activity were significantly different from time measured by accelerometer for moderate activity and MVPA (p<0.05). PAQ-MC has 93.9% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity in predicting attainment of the current Malaysian Dietary Guidelines recommendation (accumulating 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity for at least 5 to 6 days a week). Our findings indicate that PAQ-MC has good reliability and acceptable validity with high sensitivity. We conclude that the PAQ-MC is KK

81 suitable for used in The Malaysian Cohort as a tool to assess physical activity level and pattern in healthy Malaysian adults aged 35 to 65 years. A19 Assessment of physical activity, food habits and factors affecting them in school children through quantitative and qualitative methods Lee PMH, Sameeha MJ & Poh BK Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity, food habits and factors that affect them among school-aged children in Kuala Lumpur. This study was conducted in two phases: Phase I involving quantitative survey and Phase II qualitative methods. Phase I involved a total of 127 primary school children aged 9-12 years, where students were selected using systematic random sampling; and their weight, height, waist circumference and skinfolds were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and children were grouped into BMI categories based on WHO (2007) BMI-for-age growth reference. Questionnaires comprised questions on physical activity and food habits. Phase II involved seven overweight and obese children selected from the participants of Phase I. Participants and their parents were interviewed and children were observed during physical education period and recess time in school. Results from Phase I show that proportion of overweight was 14.2% while 15.7% was obese. Significant differences were found between boys and girls in weight (44.8 ± 17.5 kg vs 36.7 ± 10.5 kg, p<0.05), BMI (21.0 ± 6.2 kg/m 2 vs 17.6 ± 3.7 kg/m 2, p<0.05) and waist circumference (70.9 ± 15.8 cm vs 60.8 ± 9.8 cm, p<0.05). Physical activity scores also showed significant difference between the sexes (2.5 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.5, p<0.05) but not between the four BMI groups. The results showed no significant correlation between physical activity score and BMI. In Phase II, analysis of qualitative data revealed seven themes related to overweight and obesity, namely physical activity level, food habits, mood and psychological factor, understanding and perspective, the role of family members, the role of school and environmental factor. In conclusion, most of the school children have low physical activity and unhealthy food habits, based on the results from both phases. Furthermore, five main factors influencing physical activity and food habits of overweight and obese school children were found. It is recommended that interventions to remove barriers towards higher physical activity level and healthier food habits are necessary in order to arrest and reduce the rate of childhood overweight and obesity among primary school children. A20 Overweight and normal-weight early adolescents: comparison of body image perception, dietary practice, and physical activity Lee RJ and Chin YS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This study aimed to compare body image perception, dietary practice, and physical activity between overweight and normal-weight early adolescents. Screening of body KL

82 weight status was conducted at five randomly selected national primary schools in Selangor to identify overweight and normal-weight respondents. Out of 406 students aged 10 to 11 years screened, 108 of them (26.6%) were overweight and obese, and they were matched with 108 normal-weight respondents by age, gender, and ethnicity. In order to assess body image perception, dietary practice, and physical activity, respondents completed Weight Perception Questionnaire, Appearance and Body Satisfaction dimension from the Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale, Body Figure Rating Scale, Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Children s Eating Attitudes Test, 2-day dietary recall, and 2-day physical activity recall. The study sample comprised Malays (53.7%), Chinese (30.6%), and Indians (15.7%). Results showed that more overweight respondents (66.6%) than normal-weight respondents (27.8%) had incorrect perception of current body weight status (χ 2 =53.851, p<0.001). Overweight respondents (60.51±16.07) had lower mean body parts satisfaction score than normal-weight counterparts (65.74±18.56; t=-2.216, p=0.028). Mean body size discrepancy score among overweight respondents (0.90±0.86) was different compared to the normal-weight counterparts (-0.13±0.82; t=4.678, p<0.001). Overweight respondents (25.0%) were more likely to skip all three main meals daily than their normal-weight counterparts (19.4%; χ 2 =6.196, p=0.045). Overweight respondents had lower energy and carbohydrate intakes (1768±460kcal/day; ±63.55g/day) as compared to normal-weight counterparts (1914±373kcal/day; ±62.67g/day; t=-2.560, p=0.011; t=-3.065, p=0.002). Overweight respondents had higher total energy expenditure (2107±335kcal/day) than normal-weight counterparts (1635±237kcal/day; t=11.967, p<0.001). More overweight respondents (75.0%) were physically active compared to their normal-weight counterparts (39.8%, χ 2 =29.642, p<0.001). More overweight respondents (71.3%) had negative energy balance as compared to normal-weight counterparts (24.1%; χ 2 =46.396, p<0.001). Intervention programmes focus on promoting positive body image, healthy eating and active lifestyle are needed to prevent further increase of overweight and obesity problems among early adolescents. A21 The relationship between nutritional status and birth outcomes of Malay pregnant women in a private hospital in Kuala Lumpur Leong SJ and Norimah AK Nutrition Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Adequate maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy is important to ensure satisfactory birth outcomes. The present study investigates the relationship between nutritional status and birth outcomes of Malay pregnant women in a private hospital in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 102 pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years old, in the third trimester (28-42 week s gestation) of pregnancy participated in this study. Current weight and height of the pregnant women were measured while dietary intake was evaluated using Diet History Questionnaire by interview. Information on the birth outcomes (birth weight, length and head circumference) were collected after delivery via telephone. Information of birth outcomes were only obtained from 82 mothers as the remaining were not contactable. 74.5% of the mothers were graduates, 87.3% were employed and half were from affluent families (51%). Majority (35.3%) of the mothers were in their first pregnancy. The mean energy intake of the pregnant women were 1658±401kcal (19-29 years old) and 1697±376kcal (30-50 years old) respectively which achieved only 67% and 64& of RNI. Nutrients at risk of deficiency among mothers were vitamin D (1.6±2 ug), thiamin (1.2±0.5 mg), niacin (15±6 mg), folate (197±123 ug), LC

83 calcium (822±372 mg) and zinc (7.5±5 mg) as these nutrients fulffiled only 32%, 86%, 83%, 33%, 82% and 75% of RNI. Mean weight gain for mothers throughout the pregnancy was 13±5 kg; of whom 42.7% met the recommended weight gain, 26.8% did not gain enough weight and 30.5% put on excessive weight. The mean infant birth weight, length and head circumference was 3.1±0.4kg, 52±2.6cm and 33±1.6cm respectively. 7.3% infants had low birth weight (<2500g) and 23% had birth weight greater than 3500g. All nutrients were not significantly correlated to birth outcomes except for cobalamin with birth weight (r=-0.297, p=0.007) and head circumference (r= , p=0.004). Total weight gain was significantly correlated with birth weight (r=0.340, p=0.002) and length (r=0.285, p=0.009). Prepregnancy weight was significantly correlated with birth weight (r=0.260, p=0.018), while height was significantly correlated with birth weight (r=0.329, p=0.003) and length (r=0.288, p=0.009). In conclusion, this study shows that maternal anthropometry is the important parameter in ensuring a satisfactory birth outcome. A22 Factors associated with health-related quality of life among primary school children in Selangor Lim KL and Chin YS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This study examined factors that associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among primary school children in Selangor. A total of 326 children (28.0% males and 62.0% females) aged years from five selected schools in Selangor participated in this study. Majority of the respondents were Malays (50.0%), followed by Chinese (34%) and Indians (16%). Respondents were required to complete Two-day Dietary Recall and Two-day Physical Activity Recall, Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, Children s Eating Attitudes Test, Weight Perception Question, Body Figure Rating Scale, Appearance and Body Satisfaction of Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale, and PedsQL TM 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Body weight and height were measured by the researchers. The mean score of overall HRQOL that include four domains was 69.28± Among the HRQOL domains, social functioning domain had the highest mean score of 73.29±23.87, followed by physical functioning domain (72.53±20.70), and school functioning domain (65.69±21.43). Meanwhile, emotional functioning domain (61.54±22.53) had the lowest mean score. Indian respondents reported to have the poorest HRQOL (mean score=69.28±22.56) among the three ethnic groups. However, there was no significant different in total HRQOL score between Chinese (71.38±15.23) and Malay (69.67±18.09) children. Respondents who had regular meals, snacked and non-prone to disordered eating reported better HRQOL than others significantly. Furthermore, active children were more likely to have better overall HRQOL than their non-active counterparts (r=0.124, p=0.025). Respondents who perceived their body weight correctly have better HRQOL than those who perceived incorrectly (r=-0.110, p=0.049). Besides, gender, parent s year of schooling, monthly income, body weight status, total energy and macronutrients intakes (carbohydrates, protein and fat), body size perceptions and body part satisfaction were not significantly associated with HRQOL scores. Efforts focusing on promoting healthy eating, active lifestyle and positive body image are crucial for better health-related quality of life among children. LD

84 A23 Assessment of different eating patterns, nutritional status and physical activity among a group of public university students Lim KZ and Satvin K Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University University student often practiced poor eating behaviour due to the stress and emotion which may affect their health. The objective of this study was to determine the association of eating behavior, nutritional status and physical activity among the student from Faculty of Food Science and Technology in UPM. A total of 205 students (130 female and 35 male), aged years participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements of participant were taken and a set of self-administered questionnaires (food frequency questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 and International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were used. There were 53.2% of participants in normal category, 15.6% were underweight, 19% were overweight and 12.2% were obese. Malays showed the highest BMI (23.33 kg/m 2 ), followed by Indians (21.46 kg/m 2 ) and Chinese (20.46 kg/m 2 ). The energy intake was associated with the BMI (p<0.01). There were 72.7% of participants have normal body fat percentage and 87.3% of participants have normal waist circumference. Most students scored highest in uncontrolled eating (UE) (35.6%) while least student were categorised as cognitive restraint (CR) (31.2%). Higher BMI was associated with higher UE and Emotional Eating (EE) (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively) but not with CR. There were 15.1% participants practiced low physical activity, 75.6% participants had moderate physical activity and 9.3% participants practiced high physical activity. Physical activity was negatively correlated with both body fat percentage (r=-0.167, p<0.05) and waist circumference (r=-0.160, p<0.05). This finding suggest that eating behavior and physical activity play an important role in weight gain, hence education on practicing good eating behaviour and healthy lifestyle should be given to university student. A24 Evaluation of printed nutrition educational materials for childhood obesity intervention studies Lim SH, Ruzita AT, Hanee F, Siti Sabariah B and Poh BK School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Printed educational material is the primary mode of communication in public health education. However, there is a scarcity of studies that evaluate printed educational materials related to childhood obesity in Malaysia. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating existing printed nutrition educational materials regarding childhood obesity for future use in nutrition education and intervention studies. This study was conducted in two phases: Phase 1 involved a survey of existing printed nutrition educational materials related to childhood obesity; and Phase 2 evaluated the acceptance of existing printed educational materials and changes in knowledge level after reading these materials among educational and health professionals, adults and children. Subjects in this study comprised 67 individuals who were educational and health professionals (n = 7), adults (n = 30) and children (n = 30). Adults were given a booklet that focused on prevention and management of childhood obesity such as complications of childhood obesity, food preparation and so forth. Children received a booklet that focused on food pyramid, importance of breakfast, physical activity and so on and a LE

85 poster that focused on healthy food choices. The professionals were given all three printed materials. We found that the acceptance of subjects towards content, illustrations, tables and figures, colour, organization of picture, organization of content, language and font size ranged from not satisfactory to very satisfactory with mean satisfaction score of 3.9 ± 0.5 for booklet targeted at adult population while 4.3 ± 0.4 and 3.9 ± 0.9 for booklet and poster targeted at children population, respectively. Knowledge score of the professionals increased from 89 ± 11% before receiving the printed educational materials to 96 ± 3% after reading them. The knowledge score of adults also increased significantly (p<0.001) from 68 ± 14% to 85 ± 16%; while among children, knowledge score significantly increased (p<0.001) from 65 ± 14% to 84 ± 11%. In conclusion, the existing printed educational materials were well-accepted and were able to increase the knowledge level of target subjects. A25 Anthropometric status and cognitive function among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur : comparison between normal children and children with learning disabilities Lina Husniyah M, Roslee R and Nur Sakinah I School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Nutritional status is an important factor that may affect cognitive function of the school children. This cross sectional study was conducted to assess nutritional status and cognitive function of primary school children from six selected schools in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 96 normal children, 40 special need children and 42 children in the Linusdedicated remedial class aged 7 to 10 years old were involved in this study. Sociodemographic data of subjects and their family was obtained through a standard questionnaire. Weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured while body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to WHO 2007 growth reference. The percentage of subjects who were in the BMI category of underweight are highest among the special need children with 17.5%. Normal BMI was highest among normal children with 70.8% whereas children in Linus-dedicated remedial class are highest for overweight category (33.3%). Height-for-age of stunted is highest among special need children (10%) as well as weight-for-age of thinness with 10%. Children in Linus-dedicated remedial class had the highest percentage of overweight (31%) for weight-for-age. Cognitive function was assessed by using Weschler Intelligance Scale for Children III(WISC-III). The subtest of digit span and vocabulary were chosen to test the children. Results revealed special need children achieved highest percentage of low subtest score for both digit span (90%) and vocabulary (90.5%). Normal children have the highest mean subtest score (10.52 ± 2.9) for digit span and vocabulary compared to special need children (3.87 ± 2.87) and children in the Linus-dedicated remedial class (7.2 ± 2.72). A significant but very weak negative correlation (r = , p < 0.05) was found between height of subject and vocabulary test score. There is also significant but very weak positive correlation (r = 0.16, p < 0.05) between BMI for age and digit span score. The findings of this study showed that although children with learning disabilities did not differs much in term of growth status compared to normal children, their cognitive function differs significantly. Thus any future intervention to improve children s nutritional status should also consider their cognitive status especially if it involves children with learning disabilities. LF

86 A26 Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of adiposity among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur: a case-control study Loh DA 1, Moy FM 1, Zahurin M 2 & Nur Lisa Z 2 1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya; 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a validated and age independent predictor of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. This is a case-control study conducted in schools within Kuala Lumpur. Multi-stage sampling was applied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of WHtR in assessing abdominal obesity and its relation to body composition among 13 year old adolescents. A total of 414 adolescents with 207 normal weight and 207 overweight/obese adolescents were included in this study. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and body composition were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and WHO (2007) BMI-for-age growth reference standard was used to categorise these adolescents into BMI categories. WC 90 th percentile and waistto-height ratio (WHtR) 0.5 were used as cut-off points to indicate abdominal adiposity and cardiovascular risk. Fat-mass, fat-free mass, total body water and percentage body fat were measured using a bioimpedance analysis device (InBody 230, BioSpace, Korea). There were more males who were obese (58.1%) compared to females (46.3%) (p<0.01). There were no significant difference in racial proportion among cases and controls (p>0.05). In both normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents, BMI, fat mass, percentage body fat were significantly higher in females (p<0.001) whereas males had significantly higher WC, WHtR and fat-free mass (p<0.001). WHtR was strongly correlated with weight (r=0.78, p<0.01 for males, r=0.80, p<0.01 for females), BMI (r=0.91, p<0.01 for males, r=0.87, p<0.01 for females), WC (r=0.95, p<0.01 for males, r=0.96, p<0.01 for females) and fat mass (r=0.81, p<0.01 for males, r=0.76, p<0.01 for females). On the other hand, WHtR was moderately correlated with percentage body fat among both genders (r=0.68, p<0.01 for males, r=0.57, p<0.01 for females). These findings indicate that WHtR is an alternate simple yet effective measure to accurately assess adiposity and body fat composition amongst adolescents. A27 Knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices about cancer among employees in selected local banks Loo KF, Ang YK and Shashikala S Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University. Cancer is one of the non-communicable diseases increasingly being seen as a preventable disease. A total of 21,773 cancer cases were diagnosed in Peninsular Malaysia in the year The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices about cancer prevention among employees in selected local banks in Klang Valley. A total of 200 employees (35% males and 65% females) aged in between 18 and 55 years old were recruited using convenience sampling technique. Knowledge, attitudes and practices data were collected using a reliable self-administered questionnaire with the Cronbach s alpha coefficient ranged from 0.70 to The results showed that 69.5% of the employees have low to moderate knowledge scores. For attitude, only 8% of the employees considered having a poor attitude towards cancer prevention. This study also found that 45% of the employees were categorized in moderate level of practices and none employee leads poor practices towards cancer prevention. The results revealed no significant difference in I) knowledge scores for gender and educational level II) attitudes scores for gender and educational level (p>0.05). However, there was a significant LG

87 difference (p < 0.05) in practices score for four different educational levels with post-hoc test indicated that employees with Diploma program/ A-Level/ STPM/ Foundation educational level and employees with Bachelor/Degree program educational level was the only pair significantly different. No significant relationships were observed between knowledge, attitudes and practices with BMI of the employees (p>0.05). A significant relationship was found in between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.572; p<0.05), knowledge and practices (r=0.330; p<0.05) and attitudes and practices (r=0.319; p<0.05). In conclusion, employees in these selected local banks generally have moderate knowledge, attitudes and practices about cancer prevention. Linkages between health and cancer agencies and the financial institutions are needed to further improve and maintain the level of knowledge and attitudes and eventually raise good practices for cancer prevention. A28 Weight management knowledge and practices among female employees in banking industries Mak CY, Shashikala S and Ang YK Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing and are recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Many epidemiological studies found that overweight and obesity is one of the important modifiable risk factors of NCDs. The correct weight management knowledge and practice will reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity.this study was conducted to assess weight management knowledge and practice among female employees in banking industries in Klang Valley. The targeted subjects were permanent female employees aged 18 to 60 years old. The study design for this research was a cross-sectional. A total of 198 questionnaires were distributed to employees using convenient sampling method. Majority of the employees were overweight (43.1%) compared to normal weight (40.4%). About 79 % of the subjects concerned about their weight. There were about 47 % of subjects less and not satisfied with their weight. More than half of the subjects (59%) had tried to lose weight. More than half of the subjects (69.2%) had body shape dissatisfaction. Hip (38.8%) and waist (36.7%) were the body parts that were not or less satisfied. Most of the subjects (77.1%) did not exercise or active in games. About 48 % of subjects rarely and never do exercise for 30 minutes in a week. About 68 % of subjects skipped their meal. Most of the subjects (61.2%) had moderate weight management knowledge. There were differences in discrepancy and body parts satisfaction scores (p<0.05) between normal weight and overweight subjects. There was a strong relationship between BMI and discrepancy score (r=0.607, p<0.05). There are significant correlation between BMI and body parts satisfaction (r=-0.32, p<0.05) and attitude on physical activity (r=0.181, p<0.05). In conclusion, employees in these selected banks generally have moderate weight management knowledge and practices. Management of company should put more effort in improving and maintaining knowledge and practice in weight management. A29 Predictors of micronutrient status of reproductive age Indian women from Ramtek, Nagpur, India Menon KC 1, 2, Skeaff SA 2, Thomson CD 2, Gray AR 3, Ferguson EL 4, Zodpey S 5, Saraf A 5, Das PK 6, Toteja GS 7 and Pandav CS 8 LH

88 1Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; 2 Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 3 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 4 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England; 5 Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; 6 Health and Family Welfare Training Institute, Nagpur, India; 7Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; 8 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India Adequate micronutrient status of young reproductive age nonpregnant women is important for optimum pregnancy outcomes. Micronutrient status of women are widely investigated, however, there is limited information on the predictors of micronutrient status of reproductive age nonpregnant Indian rural and tribal women. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the micronutrient status (i.e. iodine, zinc, iron, vitamin A, folate and vitamin B12) of young nonpregnant women (18-30 years age) from Ramtek, Nagpur, India and the factors associated with their micronutrient status. Participants (n=109) were randomly selected using a stratified (rural-tribal) proportionate-topopulation size cluster sampling method from 12 subcenters in Ramtek block, Nagpur. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical data, including blood and urine samples were obtained. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to investigate the predictors of biochemical indicators used to assess the micronutrient status. The rural and tribal women had similar socio-economic and anthropometric status. The overall proportion of women suffering from anemia, zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin A, and folate deficiencies was 66%, 52%, 34%, 4% and 2%, respectively. The predictors of biochemical indicators of micronutrient status identified from multivariate models after adjusting for potential confounders were: zinc inhibitor food score for serum zinc concentration (β (95% CI): (-0.43, -0.03); p=0.028); tribal location for haemoglobin (β (95% CI): (-1.40, -0.29); p=0.007) and serum vitamin B12 concentrations (OR (95% CI): 1.44 (1.04, 1.99); p=0.033); vitamin A rich food group score for serum retinol concentration (β (95% CI): 0.08 (0.02, 0.13); p=0.008); folate rich food group score for serum folate concentration (β (95% CI): 1.70 (0.32, 3.09); p=0.021) and salt iodine content for urinary iodine concentration (OR (95% CI): 0.87 (0.54, 1.41); p=0.008). Our study indicates that increasing the consumption of micronutrient rich foods will improve the micronutrient status of these nonpregnant women from Ramtek, Nagpur. A30 Nutritional status and growth of Penan children in Long Napir and Long Rayeh, Limbang Sarawak Mohamad Hasnan A & Norliza J Divisional Health Office, Limbang Division, Sarawak This survey aimed to observe the changes in nutritional status and growth among Penan children aged 60 months and below in Long Napir and Long Rayeh, Limbang Division. Body weight, length/height, head circumference (HC) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured every three months from October 2011 until April There were 40 subjects (23 boy, x age 34.6 ± 14.7 month; 17 girl, x age 26.5 ± 19.0 month) included in this survey. At baseline, 50.0% of the subject had normal weight-for-age, 30.0% was underweight, 13.3% had severe underweight and 6.7% at risk of obesity. However, BMI-for-age confirmed non of the subjects were obese while 13.3% of them wasted. As for length/height-for-age, 43.3% was normal, 26.7% was stunted, 30.0% was severely stunted. The HC-for-age and MUAC-for-age shows only 13.3% and 3.3% subject were below -2sd or more than 2sd respectively. Penan boys were significantly associated with underweight/severe underweight (62.6%) compared to girls (21.4%). Repeated measurement showed significant changes in weight [F(2,26)=8.789, p<0.05, x =0.83kg], LI

89 x length/height [F(2,26)=18.73, p<0.05, =3.71cm] and HC [F(2,26)=11.28, p<0.05, =0.71cm] of Penan children throughout the 6-month survey. Observation at 6 month showed 52.4% had normal weight, 38.1% was underweight and 9.5% had severe underweight. Among them, 4.8% still wasted. Percentage of stunted children were reduced to 19.1% but severe stunted were raised to 33.3% after 6 month. The HC-for-age and MUAC-for-age showed positive improvement over 6 month period with only 9.5% have HC-for-age below -2sd and non with MUAC-for-age below -2sd or more than 2sd. The existing village health team (VHT) monthly visit to these two Penan settlements is the best platform in improving nutritional status and growth of Penan Children. However, a more holistic approach should be taken to accelerate the process as to avoid any nutritional and growth problem that may affect their future. x A31 Knowledge and practice on sports nutrition among Malaysian Games (2011) athletes Haemamalar K, Chai WJ, Mohd Shah K, Nor Faizadatul Ain AW, Shareena DMS, Qusyairy AA, Durrah R and George GA Sports Nutrition Department, National Sports Institute of Malaysia The objective of this study is to determine the sports nutrition knowledge and practice among Malaysian Games athletes. The questionnaire was answered by 118 athletes aged years. Knowledge was assessed using questionnaire that consist of five main items: carbohydrate, protein, fat, hydration and general nutrition. Each question was given score of 1 and maximum was 30. The mean score for carbohydrate, protein, fat, hydration and general nutrition were 2.34, 2.07, 1.99, 2.36, 2.42, respectively (maximum for each was 5) with total mean score 11.19±3.86. Nutrition practice was assessed based on Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid serving size recommendation. Only 13.6% of the subjects meet the 4-8 serving size per/day recommendation for cereal, cereal products and tubers food group. For protein, 19.5% of the subjects meet the 1-3 serving size per/day recommendation. For fat, the frequency of fast and fried food was assessed. Majority of the subjects rarely consumed fast (55.9%) and fried foods (31.4%). 84% of the subject drinking more than 1 liter of water daily. On general sports nutrition, the mean intake of meal and snack was 3 times daily while 74.5% of them consume sports drinks. However, more than half (55%) of the subjects do not check their urine color in early morning of competition day. Generally, the athletes have poor nutrition knowledge. In terms of practice, 80% of them did not meet the recommended serving size for protein and does not practice urine color check. The possible explanation could be that 70% of the athletes were not exposed nutrition education while for those who have it; they may not practice their sports nutrition knowledge consistency. Lack of knowledge and practice of state athletes is a serious issue that needs to be addressed as good nutrition practices one of the crucial components to ensure the optimal sports performance. A32 Identifiying the risk of malnutrition using Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) among the elderly in Rumah Seri Kenangan Muhammad Faizal M and Zuriati I LJ

90 Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the risk of malnutrition using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and its association with anthropometric indicators. The screening tools were validated against anthropometric indicators including body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), calf circumference (CC) and total body fat percentage. A total of 98 elderly people were recruited from three publicly funded shelter homes Rumah Seri Kenangan (RSK) in Melaka, Cheras and Seremban. Respondents age ranged from 60 to 90 years old, with 53.1% were male and 46.9% female. A small proportion of respondents were in underweight classification (17.3%, 10.2%, 19.4% and 2%) according to BMI, MUAC, CC and total body fat percentage respectively. 44.9% (n=44) were normal, 46.9% (n=46) at risk and 8.2% (n=8) were malnourished according to the MNA-SF. Whilst 37.8% (n=37) were low risk, 31.6% (n=31) at moderate risk and 30.6% (n=30) were at high risk of malnutrition according to the MUST. MNA-SF had the highest correlation with CC (r = 0.43, p<0.01) whereas MUST had the highest correlation with BMI (r = -0.59, p<0.01), followed by MUAC (r = -0.54, p<0.01) and skin fold thickness (r = , p<0.01). MNA- SF had a good sensitivity value (>80%) when validated against BMI, MUAC, CC and skin fold thickness respectively. However, MNA-SF had low specificity and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) when validated against each BMI (specificity=54.3%, PPV=31.5%), MUAC (specificity= 48.9%, PPV=16.6%), CC (specificity=50.6%, PPV=27.8%) and skinfold thickness (specificity=45.8%, PPV=3.7%). In contrast, MUST demonstrate a better sensitivity but with a lower specificity and PPV than MNA-SF when validated against BMI (sensitivity=100.0%, specificity=45.7%, PPV=27.9%), MUAC (sensitivity=90.0%, specificity=40.9%, PPV=14.8%), CC (sensitivity=84.2%, specificity=43.0%, PPV=26.2%) and skinfold thickness (sensitivity=100%, specificity=38.5%, PPV=3.3%) correspondingly. Performing the MUST as a screening tool is strongly recommended only as the basis for nutritional evaluation. The MNA-SF screening tool shows good sensitivity and more specific method of identifying those requiring further nutritional assessment than MUST. Therefore, both validated screening tools can be used in nursing home for identification of elderly individuals who are at risk of malnutrition. A33 Predictors of intelligence quotient (IQ) performance of primary school children in Penang and Kedah: Nutritional status or socioeconomic background? Ng BK 1, Poh BK 1 and Ng LO 2 1Nutritional Sciences Programme; 2 Health Psychology Programme; School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Previous research has shown that socioeconomic background and nutritional status could play a role in determining the IQ of the children. This study aimed to identify the predictors of IQ performance among primary school children in the Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 277 children, comprising 140 boys and 137 girls, aged 7-11 years from primary schools in Pokok Sena, Kedah and Penang. Socio-demographic data was obtained from a parent-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric variables, included body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), was compared with WHO 2007 growth reference. IQ was assessed using the Raven s Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM). Subjects comprised 166 Malays and 111 Chinese with average z-score of weight- LK

91 for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BAZ) of 0.09 ± 1.57, ± 0.99 and 0.38 ± 1.63, respectively. Mean IQ score was ± 17.3 with those in urban areas (106.5±16.4) having significantly higher (p<0.001) mean IQ scores than their rural counterparts (93.8±15.9). Mean IQ score was significantly different between ethnicity (p<0.001). Parental education level (χ=10.1, p<0.01) and maternal education level (χ=12.4, p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with children s IQ. Household income (r=0.262, p<0.001), number of children (r=-0.166, p<0.01) and HAZ (r=0.229, p<0.001) were significantly correlated with IQ score. Although many variables were found to be correlated or associated with IQ score, stepwise regression model showed that only ethnicity (β=0.369, p<0.001), location (β=0.237, p<0.001) and maternal education level (β=0.148, p<0.01) remained as significant predictors of children s IQ. In this study, socioeconomic background but not nutritional status appeared to be significant predictors of children s IQ score. These findings suggest the need for public health policies to take a multifaceted approach to optimize childhood environments in order to improve children s cognitive development. A34 Development and assessment of a printed educational material entitled Guide on breastfeeding: Facts vs myths for mothers-to-be in Kuala Lumpur Ngew CY and Sameeha MJ School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. The beliefs of mothers on myths or misconceptions on breastfeeding were found to be influencing their acceptance to exclusively breastfeeding their infants. Therefore, this study was aimed to develop an educational tool in the form of leaflet entitled Guide on breastfeeding: Facts vs myths for mothers-to-be in order to educate and improve their knowledge about breastfeeding. This study involved three phases; phase 1 was planning and surveying; phase 2 was the development of printed educational material and phase 3 was the evaluation of the printed educational material. The evaluations were conducted to assess subjects acceptance of the printed educational material (process evaluation) and assess whether the printed educational material is effective in increasing subjects knowledge (impact evaluation). The phase 3 was carried out to 41 Malay pregnant women. Pre-test questionnaire was given to subjects to assess the level of knowledge on breastfeeding. The subjects were given one week to read and understand the leaflet before post-test by using the similar set of knowledge questionnaire and the evaluation form of contents, graphics and format of the leaflet. Subjects mean percentage knowledge scores increased significantly (p<0.001) from ± 13.13% during pre-test to ± 6.67% during post-test. For the acceptance level of the leaflet, the findings showed that all subjects (100.0%) understood the contents of the leaflet. A total of 95.1% (n=39) of subjects felt that pictures attached are important to increase the attractiveness of the printed educational material and around 75.6% (n=31) stated that the pictures in the leaflet given are attractive. Majority of subjects (97.0%) had intention to give exclusive breastfeeding for six months to their infants after reading the leaflet. In conclusion, the developed printed educational material was rated positively and effective in increasing level of knowledge on breastfeeding among the pregnant mothers. LL

92 A35 A qualitative study of cognitive development and nutrition-related issues in Vietnamese children under three years old Nguyen TH 1,2, Poh BK 1, Ng LO 1 & Deurenberg P 3 1Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3National University of Singapore, Singapore. Malnutrition in early years of life seriously affects cognitive development and thus the future of young children. In 2010, Vietnam was reportedly among the top ten countries in the world with the highest number of stunted children; whereas the proportion of children with delayed cognitive development is 1.5 times higher among those malnourished compared to their normal weight counterparts. The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying nutrition-related issues likely influencing the cognitive development in Vietnamese children aged 2-3 years. Based on formative research result, 18 children were selected from 64 children with delayed development for a qualitative in depth study to assess their eating habits and living environment for any possible impact on cognitive development. The results of this qualitative research show that the main reasons leading to delayed cognitive development are malnutrition, economic status and living environment. As much as malnutrition is concerned, it is caused firstly by improper and inadequate feeding by mothers where maternal food decisions may have an effect on the balance of dietary intakes as children's food was cooked with little or no vegetables and protein food. Secondly, malnutrition came from loss of appetite. An observation on children s eating habits shows that 15 out of 18 children had light meals about one to two hours before main meals. The third reason was, according to health workers and community leaders, that mothers loved to see their child grow chubby, and hence they tended to over-feed. This has led to obesity and physical inactivity. Poverty was also indicated as a key risk to delayed cognitive development in the health workers and community leaders opinion. However, there was no difference between the two groups of children coming from poor and non-poor families in most of the mother s opinions on nutrition. Reason for the delayed development given by parents was that they did not have enough time to take good care of the children s health and education because, in order to earn a living, mothers had to continue work after only four months of maternal leave, in some cases even after two or three months. Care giving was, instead, handed over to either the children s grandparents, elder siblings, or in families with better economic condition to house keepers. These caregivers, however, usually only took care of feeding, but not mental up-bringing. This causes difficulties in children s cognitive development in terms of problem-solving and personal-social domains. In conclusion, malnutrition, inadequate vegetable and protein in the diet and economic status were identified as nutrition-related factors affecting the cognitive development of the child. Lack of time or care and attention for children can also be reasons for cognitive underdevelopment resulting in children s slow progress in learning. A36 Quality of life (QoL) between normal and obese school children aged 10 and 11 years old in Malacca Nik Normasitah NI, Noriza Zakaria and Ruzita Abd Talib. Nutritional Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. DCC

93 The objective of this study was to compare quality of life between normal and obese children in Malacca. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory PedsQL (Malay Version) version 4.0 was used in this study to measure health-related quality of life of the children. The questionnaire was self-administered which completed by the parents and their children. The questionnaires consisted of physical, social, emotional, and school functioning. The total score of quality of life, physical and psychosocial will be derived from this questionnaire. The study hypothesized that children with higher body mass index will have lower score of health-related quality of life than the normal children. A total of 50 normal children and 89 obese children, aged 10 and 11 years old, which consisted of 68 girls, and 71 boys and 139 parents had completed the questionnaires. The results showed that no significant differences found between score of physical, emotional,social, school functioning, psyschosocial and also total score of QoL among the children. However, the result showed that score of emotion was higher among normal children(mean score 67.8±15.46) as compared to obese children(mean score 66.57±16.56). There was also no significant differences between score of physical,emotional,social,school functioning,physichosocial and total score of QoL among the parents, but the study have found that scores were higher among parents of normal children than the parents of obese children. The study was also showed that parents scored significantly lower than the children in physical, emotional, social, school functioning, phsychosocial and total score of quality of life(p<0.05). However, there was a weak positive correlation between children self-reported QoL score and BMI. In conclusion, this study shows no significant difference between QoL of obese and normal children, particularly in Malacca. A37 Factors associated with body weight status of Malay housewives in Perkampungan Sungai Isap Jaya, Kuantan, Pahang Noor Amelia Shahida J & Rokiah MY Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the body weight status and factors related to body weight status among 100 Malay housewives aged 25 to 50 years old in Perkampungan Sungai Isap Jaya, Kuantan, Pahang. Information on socio-demographic, and clinical history were obtained through face-to-face interview using pretested questionnaire. Weight and height were measured using appropriate instruments and standard procedures. Nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices regarding obesity were assessed using a set of questionnaires. Assessment of physical activity was carried out using 2 days physical activity record, while dietary intake was assessed using 2 days food record. The results showed that the mean current BMI was kg/m 2. Among them, 1.0% was underweight, 42.0% was normal weight, 35.0% were overweight and 22.0% were obese. Most of them (77.0%) reported that they had no family history with overweight and obese, while another 23% had family history. The mean score for energy expenditure was kcal, which indicated that majority of them had extremely sedentary (80.0%), followed by sedentary (17.0%) and moderate physical activity level (3.0%). The mean total energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake were kcal/day, g/day, g/day and g/day respectively. The average score for knowledge, attitude and practices were , and respectively. There were no significant association between sociodemographic [age, educational level, household income and number of children], physical activity level, knowledge regarding obesity, attitude regarding obesity and body weight status. However, there was positive and moderate relationship between total DCD

94 energy intake and body weight status (r=0.418, p<0.01). On the other hand, a significant but weak negative correlation (r= , p<0.05) was found between practices regarding obesity and body weight status. In conclusion, body weight status could be influenced by dietary intake and practices regarding obesity. A38 Involvement in residential college activities: Does it affect the nutritional status of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia students? Noor Farhana N, Hamizah Y and Ruzita AT Nutrition Science Programme, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the involvements of activities at the residential college and the nutritional status of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Kuala Lumpur students. The study was also to identify dietary habit of the students and to determine the availability of healthy food. A total 106 student (20.8% male and 79.2% female) of second to fourth year of UKM Kuala Lumpur were selected by using convenient sampling. Student s food intake data were collected by using three day food diary and analysed using Nutritionist Pro software. The involvement in college activities and the availability of healthy food were determined by specific questionnaire, which were developed for this study. Weight, height, waist circumference, percentage of body fat and body mass index was also measured using standard procedures. The study showed that majority of the students (62.3%) is actively involved in residential college activities. Among the students that are actively involved in residential college activities, 24.2% are underweight, 59.1% are in the range of normal weight, 12.1% are overweight, 3% are obese class one and 1.5% are obese class two. Through the evaluation of student s eating habits and the availability of healthy food, the result showed majority of students have a good dietary pattern. There was a significant difference between the intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients with the involvement of college activities that are less than three hours and more than three hours (p<0.05). There was a strong correlation between average energy intakes (r=0.464, p<0.01), fat (r=0.400, p<0.01), carbohydrate (r=0.461, p<0.01), vitamin A (r=0.352, p<0.01) and vitamin E (r=0.327, p<0.05) with body mass index. Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) achievement of energy intake, calcium, zinc, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E were higher among the students that involved in college activities less than three hours compared to those who involved in college activities more than three hours. In conclusion, involvement in residential college activities does affect the nutritional status of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia students. Students quality diet should go hand in hand with the involvement of college activities in order to have a balance and healthy lifestyle. DCE

95 A39 Physical activity levels among healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic women Noor Khalijah MK, M Marhazlina, See-Ling Loy and Hamid Jan JM Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Physical activity (PA) has been proven to have beneficial effect in controlling hyperglycemia among gestational diabetic women (GDM). Given that GDM is associated with substantial adverse effects for both mother and offspring, thus measuring the effect is important to assess risk of GDM. Hence, the aim of the study was to compare the physical activity levels between healthy pregnant women and gestational diabetic women. This case-control study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology (O&G) Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) which was included 84 healthy women and 29 gestational diabetic women. Pregnant women who were at their third trimester were interviewed to complete the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for pregnancy. The results showed the median of total PA levels for healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic women were (IQR=851.25) MET-minute/week and (IQR=564.00) MET-minute/week, respectively. 51.7% healthy women and 65.5% of GDM women have low score for PA levels. However, there was no significant difference of PA levels between healthy and gestational diabetic women (P>0.05). In conclusion, majority of pregnant women were physically inactive regardless of health status. A40 Pedometer-determined physical activity and its relationship with weight status among primary school children in Sabah Noorashikin R 1, Poh BK 1, Ong WW 1, Nor Aini J 1, Ismail MN 2 1School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess physical activity level in primary school children and its relationship with their weight status. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 61 boys and 91 girls aged 7 to 12 years old recruited from rural and urban areas in Sabah. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, fat percentage, and waist circumference (WC). Physical activity level was determined by the objective pedometer method and questionnaire, which included television viewing and screen time. Results showed that a total of 14 subjects (6.6% boys and 11.0% girls) met or exceeded the BMIreferenced recommendation (mean steps count/day) of for boys, and for girls. Children who did not achieve the pedometer recommendations had higher BMI and WC, which were ± 4.52 kgm -2 vs ± 1.92 kgm -2, and ± cm vs ± 4.43 cm, respectively,; compared to those meeting the recommendations. Children attained significantly higher (p<0.001) mean steps count/day during weekdays (9522 ± 3291) compared with weekends (8058 ± 3980); with boys recording higher pedometer steps count/day than girls (10600 ± 3427 vs 8774 ± 2988; p<0.01). Mean daily steps count/day values were ± 2090, 9305 ± 2300 and 7652 ± 2966 for under-weight, normal-weight and overweight girls, respectively. Children in rural areas (9990 ± 2711) attained significantly higher (p<0.01) daily steps count/day compared to urban areas (9487 ± 2989). Screen time (hour/day) was negatively correlated only with steps count among girls during weekends (r= , p<0.001). In conclusion, children DCF

96 who spent less time watching television, and rural children were more physically active; while, those with less steps count per day were more likely to be overweight. Since only a small proportion of children met the recommended steps count per day, it is imperative that active outdoor programmes be introduced in and outside of school, and physical activity inculcated in order to achieve the desired health status. A41 Comparison of skinfold thickness (SKF), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in assessing body fat of Malay children age 8-11 years old Noradilah MJ 1, Poh BK 1, Nor Azmi K 2, Ismail MN 3 and Deurenberg P 4 1Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 3 Department of health sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin; 4 National University of Singapore Methods of measuring body fat and its distribution are important because adiposity is a more important health risk indicator than excess body mass. The aim of this crosssectional study was to compare SKF and BIA against DXA in assessing body fat of Malay children aged 8-11 years old. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 160 children (77 boys, 83 girls) were assessed for body fat percentage (BF %) using the three methods: SKF, BIA and DXA, where DXA served as the criterion method. Four SKF prediction equations (SKFBray, SKFJohnston, SKFSlaughter and SKFGoran) and three BIA prediction equations (BIAHoutkooper, BIARush and BIAKushner) were used to calculate BF% of the subjects. Independent T-tests were performed to examine the difference between the sexes and Bland-Altman plots were used to see the agreement between methods. Mean weight and height of all subjects were 30.5±9.9 kg and 131.3±8.4 cm, respectively; with girls (33.4±7.6%) having significantly higher BF% measured by DXA compared with boys (29.8±8.3%). All the SKF equations and BIA equations significantly underestimated BF% (p<0.05). The best agreement for SKF method was for SKFJohnston equation but it also gave the highest bias for BF% estimate; since it underestimated BF% by 14.6% as compared to the other SKF equations (which underestimated BF% by 6.4%-9.5%). A trend could be seen with the other SKF prediction equations where it is dependent on BF%. All three BIA prediction equations gave a good agreement with DXA and were independent of BF%; with BIAKushner being the best equation as it had the narrowest limits of agreement. Although BIA produced good agreement with DXA, SKF had a narrower range and smaller values of standard deviation (SD) for bias ( %) compared to BIA ( %), which means that values for SKF estimate of BF% is closely related from one equation to another, and have lower bias compared to BIA. SKF also had higher correlation (r value ranging from ) than BIA (r value ranging from ) with DXA. However, none of the four SKF prediction equations gave good agreement to DXA, suggesting the need to develop a new equation that is population specific. In conclusion, taking into consideration the SD for bias and correlation to DXA, SKF seems to be the better method in estimating BF%. DCG

97 A42 Relationship between socio demography and nutritional status with iron and vitamin A status among children in Kelantan and Terengganu Norazida AB 1, Nik Shanita S 1, Poh Bee Koon 1 and Siti Balkis B 2 1School of Healthcare Sciences; 2 Schools of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Anaemia and vitamin A deficiency are the most prevalent nutritional problems in developing countries. This cross-sectional study aimed to study the relationship between socio demographic factors and nutritional status with iron and vitamin A status among primary school children. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the four-country South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 88 children aged between 7 to 12 years studying in primary schools in rural (Kuala Berang) and urban (Kota Bahru) areas of the East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia. A questionnaire was used to determine socio demographic profiles and nutritional status assessment included weight and height measurements. Blood samples were collected and tested for haemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin, serum iron, transferrin saturation and serum retinol levels. Mean age was ± 1.31 years, BMI ± 3.69 kg/m 2, haemoglobin ± 8.73 g/l, and serum retinol 1.12 ± 0.35 µmol/l. Prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency were 8.0% and 6.8% respectively. Height (r=0.370), weight (r=0.388), age (r=0.265), BMI (r=0.363), haemoglobin (r=0.310), serum iron (r=0.254) and ferritin (p=0.218) were all positively correlated (p<0.05) with serum retinol level. An increase of 1 kg of weight led to an increase of 0.42 µmol/l in serum retinol level (OR: 0.42; 95% CI:0.007,0.020) and for every 1 µmol/l increase of serum iron, there was 0.22 µmol/l increase in serum retinol level (OR: 0.22; 95% CI:0.002,0.027). Height (r=0.385), serum retinol (r=0.310), age (r=0.292), number of siblings (r=-0.322), weight (r=0.291) and transferrin (r=0.277) were all correlated (p<0.01) with haemoglobin level. An increase of 1 cm of height led to an increase of 0.43 g/l in haemoglobin level (OR: 0.43; 95% CI:0.219,0.552) and for every unit less in the number of siblings, there was 0.37 g/l increase in haemoglobin level (OR: -0.37; 95% CI:-2.154,-0.730). In conclusion, socio demography and nutritional status were related to vitamin A and iron status and these findings suggest that programmes designed to overcome anaemia should also aim to improve vitamin A status in this population. A43 Assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with self-reported sleep quality among bus drivers in Selangor Norazlinda ZA 1, Barakatun Nisak MY 1 and Kulanthayan KC 2 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor; 2 Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor. Low sleep quality is recognized to be among the most important causative factors in road crashes. While poor sleep quality is a common complaint amongst obese individuals, the relationship between sleep quality and other measures of nutritional status has not been systematically explored. Therefore, this cross sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between nutritional status and self-reported sleep quality among bus drivers in Selangor. Nutritional measurements include anthropometry and dietary intake assessment while self-reported sleep quality was assessed by using the DCH

98 Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Information related to socio-demographic characteristics such as working experience and their physical activity level was obtained. A total of fifty drivers (n=50) consisted of all males with their mean age of 41.32±9.51 years, working experience of 10.84±9.57 years and travel distance of ± km/week participated in the study. The mean score for self-reported sleep quality was 7.29±3.99 which indicates that in overall, subjects had moderate sleep quality with majority of them tend to experience daytime sleepiness. The mean Body Mass Index were 28.61±5.2 kgm -2 with 48% and 32% of the subjects were overweight and obese respectively. Subjects consumed excessive energy and fat intake (Mean En= 2849± kcal/day %En from fat= 33± 7.96 %) when compared with recommendations. The mean of physical activity level were ± MET-min/week with half of them categorized as having low physical activity level. There were statistically significant relationship between age and self-reported sleep quality (p=0.006; r=-0.384), and between travel distance and self-reported sleep quality (p=0.020; r=0.328). Nevertheless, no relationship was observed between any measures of nutritional status and self-reported sleep quality. In conclusions, older age and long-distance bus drivers were associated with low selfreported sleep quality but not with any measures of nutritional status. It is worth noting, however that overweight and obesity were highly prevalent in this population with majority of them had unfavorable dietary intake and lead a sedentary lifestyle. This group may present a window of opportunity for future intervention and health promotion program. A44 Construct validity and reliability of Malaysian Coping Strategy Instrument to measure household food insecurity in two different studies in Peninsular Malaysia Norhasmah S 1,2, Zalilah MS 3, Mohd Nasir MT 3, Kandiah M 3, Asnarulkhadi AS 4 1 Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; 2 Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Consumption, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; 3 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia; 4 Department of Social and Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia. The objectives of these studies were to study the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the Malaysian Coping Strategy Instrument (MCSI) to measure household food insecurity. In study 1, a cross sectional research design was conducted among welfare recipient households in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Construct validity of MCSI (i.e. food- and non-food coping strategies) was assessed utilizing factor analysis. Items-to total correlation (ITC) and internal consistency reliability for food-(12 items) non-food coping strategies (15 items) subscales were assessed using Conbrach α. In study 2, a cross sectional research design was conducted among socio-economically diverse population in Kelantan, Malaysia. Items-to total correlation (ITC) and internal consistency were used to assess reliability of MCSI. Based on results from study 1, factor analysis revealed four dimensions of food-related coping strategies i.e. adopt socially inappropriate food strategies (social aspect), manage insufficient food supply (food quantity), alter food use and purchase (food quality) and reduce food anxiety (food anxiety) identified from study 1. The sufficient variance (50.80%) was explained by four dimensions. Factor analysis also revealed five dimensions of non-food related coping strategies; clothes purchasing behaviors, delay bill payments and increase cash, DCI

99 borrow money, change spending strategies, as well as adjust expenditure and income earning. The five dimensions accounted for 54.17% of the total variance. Three items of food- and eight items of non-food related coping strategies with low ITC (r<0.2). Internal consistency of food and non-food related coping strategies were and Results from study 2 revealed that one item of food- and eight items of non-food related coping strategies with low ITC (r<0.2). The internal consistency of the food-related coping strategies items had an acceptable internal consistency (α=0.719). After deleting the eight items of non-food related coping strategies with low ITC (r<0.2), the Cronbach s alpha was In conclusions, the food and non-food related coping strategies was found to be a reliable and valid measure of household food insecurity based on construct validity and internal consistency. More validating work in other areas of Malaysia is needed to establish validity and reliability of MCSI before it is used to measure household food insecurity. A45 Stages of change for physical activity in relation with sociodemographic factors, body weight status and physical activity level among Malaysian men in Klang Valley Suraya I 1, Norimah AK 1, Ng LO 2 and Wan Zurinah WN 3 1Nutrition Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Health Psychology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the stages of change for physical activity among men and to evaluate its association to sociodemographic backgrounds, body weight status and physical activity level. 235 Malay and 240 Chinese men aged 20 to 59 years participated in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included sociodemographic characteristics, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Stages of Change (SOC) for Regular Physical Activity Questionnaire. The SOC questionnaire categorized the participants into five stages; precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Most participants were married (60.9%), have secondary education (51.4%) and monthly household income between RM1500 and RM3500 (41.3%). The mean height, weight, BMI and waist circumference were ± 6.1 cm, 70.8 ± 13.3 kg, 25.0 ± 4.2 kg/m 2, and 88.9 ± 10.6 cm respectively. 33.5% and 12.6% were overweight and obese respectively, while 45.9% were centrally obese. A total of 32.4% of the participants had low physical activity level, while 43.8% and 23.8% were in the moderate and high physical activity categories respectively. One in four (23%) participants was thinking of making a change in physical activity, 21.1% were in the preparation stage, while the remaining were already physically active. More Chinese participants (Χ 2 = , p<0.05), and those who were in the higher physical activity level (Χ 2 = , p<0.001) were in maintenance stage. On the other hand, older participants (Χ 2 = , p<0.001), and those with higher household income (Χ 2 = , p<0.05) were either in the maintenance stage or in the precontemplation stage. However, educational level and BMI did not influence participants stage of change. In conclusion, ethnicity, age, monthly household income and physical activity level were associated with stages of change for physical activity. Further studies should be conducted in a larger population which includes both men and women to determine the difference of stages of change by gender. DCJ

100 A46 Nutrition knowledge, physical activity, dietary intake and body weight status among teachers in Petaling District, Selangor Nur Huda AR & Mohd Nasir MT Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor This cross-sectional study of 170 teachers determined the association between sociodemographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, physical activity level, and dietary intake with body weight status among female secondary school teachers in Petaling district, Selangor. A set of self-administered questionnaire comprising questions on socio-demographic background, basic nutrition knowledge, body weight management knowledge, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and breakfast frequency was used for data collection. Data on dietary intake was gathered through face- to-face interview for 24 hour dietary recall. About eighty-seven percent (87.1%) of the respondents were Malay, 8.8% were Chinese, and 4.1% were Indian. A majority of the respondents were 20 to 34 (52.9%) years old, and have high household income exceeding RM4001 (71.2%). Most respondents (93.5%) had high basic nutrition knowledge, but 89.4% had either moderate or low body weight management knowledge. The mean energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intakes of the respondents were 1459±431 Kcal/day, 184.4±68.0g, 63.9±22.9g, and 47.1±19.3g respectively. About 32.4% were categorized as breakfast skippers, 12.4% abdominally obese, 27.6% and 11.2% were overweight and obese based on their body mass index. This study found significant associations between age (r=0.342, p<0.0001), household income (r=0.236, p=0.002), household size (r=0.261, p=0.001), total energy intake (r=0.168, p=0.029), and total calories from carbohydrate (r=0.19, p=0.013) with body weight status of the teachers. This study also found no significant association between nutrition knowledge and physical activity with body weight status. Multiple linear regression analysis showed age, ethnicity (Chinese), and total calories from carbohydrate explained about 18.8% of variance in body weight status (F=12.803, p 0.001). Healthy lifestyle intervention programs focusing on body weight management should be planned and implemented for these teachers. A47 Body image perception, self-esteem and weight reduction behaviour among overweight and obese adults Nur Izzati I 1, Zahara BAM 1, Suzana S 1, Roslee R 1, Norhayati I 2 & Noor Hasnani I 1 1Nutritional Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Health Psychology Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association between self-esteem and body image perception. Overweight and obese Malay employees in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) were recruited using convenience sampling method. Respondents were required to answer questionnaire on socio-demographic status, nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), Stunkard s Figure Rating Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and weight reduction methods was used. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference were taken. A total of 79 respondents (males=9; females=70) aged between 25 to 56 years old completed the study. Mean BMI and waist circumference were 31.7±5.2 kg/m 2 and 92.4±11.9 cm respectively. DCK

101 The mean score for Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were 18.9±3.5, with 88.6% (n=70) of subject has normal self-esteem while only 8.9% (n=9) has low self-esteem. Mean score for body image dissatisfaction was 4.3±1.7, while mean score for KAP was 71.9±10.8. There was no significant correlation between self-esteem score and body mass index (p=0.482). However, there was a significant but weak correlation (r=0.23; p=0.040) between selfesteem and KAP. Self-esteem score and body image dissatisfaction score was significantly negative correlated (r=-0.364; p=0.001). Self-esteem score and the frequency weight reduction attempts was not significantly associated (p=0.602). Most of the female subjects (45.7%) reported that they started to become overweight and obese from the age of 18 to 29, while male subjects from the age of 30 to 39 (55.6%). Mean frequency of weight loss attempt in the previous year was 1 time for males and 2 times for females. Almost half of the subjects (41.3%) reported that the major barrier to reduce their weight was to control their appetite. The most popular dietary modification methods used by subjects were increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables (87.3%), decreasing the intake of sweetened foods and drinks (78.5%), reducing the intake of high fat food and amount of food consumption (70.9%). skipping meals (62.0%) and enduring hunger (30.3%). Weight reduction methods used by subjects include exercising (59.5%), fasting (51.9%), diet monitoring (41.8%), self consumed slimming tea (34.2%), traditional medicine (16.5%), diet milkshake (15.2%), resonance machine (13.9%), diet pills (13.9%) and spa (11.4%). In conclusion, workplace health promotion programmes targeting on correcting negative body image perception and adopting healthy eating behavior is recommended to achieve healthy body weight status. A48 Development and evaluation of healthy eating out booklet for working adults Nur Nadia Z & Zahara BAM Nutrition Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Eating out has become more popular lately especially among working adults. However the increase trend in consumption of food prepared away from home has contributed to the raise in chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The objective of this study is to develop a healthy eating out booklet for working adults as a nutrition education material for healthy eating out. This study was done in 3 phases. Phase one: Development of healthy eating out booklet. In this phase, interviews were conducted towards 50 respondents to develop a food list of the most popular food while eating out. A 59 page A6 size (148 x 105 mm) booklet consisting of 38 food item was developed based on the most frequent food consume while eating out and various healthy eating guidelines. Phase two: Content validity was conducted by 8 health professionals to validate the suitability and understanding of booklet content. Phase three: Evaluation of booklet was done by 23 subjects aged years. Mean score of 3.90±0.378 for overall booklet evaluation regarding content and illustrations was good (Range; =Good). A total of 78.3% (n=18) were satisfied with the food list in the booklet. 93.1% (n=21) agreed that the food list in the booklet was relevant as a guide for eating out. 83.6% (n=19) would like to own and use the booklet as a healthy eating out guide. Overall, the booklet was accepted as a nutrition education material and can be used as a guide for healthy eating out. DCL

102 A49 Mandatory iodine fortification in bread: Is it enough to eliminate iodine deficiency in New Zealand? Nurul Husna MS 1,2 and Brough L 1 1Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, New Zealand. 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Iodine deficiency (ID) is reemerging in New Zealand (NZ), which has led to the government to implement the mandatory addition of iodized salt into bread. The aim of this study is to assess iodine status and intake of women of childbearing-age in Palmerston North, NZ. Fifty participants completed a semi-quantitative food-frequencyquestionnaire (FFQ) and provided a 24-hour urine sample. Iodine was analyzed using inductive-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Iodine intake was estimated based on the assumption that 90% of total dietary intake is excreted in urine. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was mcg/l, indicating that the study population was mildly iodine deficient. The estimated iodine intake based on the iodine excretion was mcg/day; achieving the Estimate Average Requirement. Milk contributed highest (35.6%) to iodine intake, followed by bread (24.6%), fish/seafood (15%) and eggs (13.8%). Bread prior to fortification was estimated to contribute only 7.6% of total dietary iodine intake, and this percentage increased over three-fold to 24.6% post-fortification. The overall results showed an improved iodine status and intake compared to previous studies done in NZ. However, based on the individual iodine status, the majority of participants were still iodine deficient, categorised as marginal (30%), mild (30%) and moderate (10%). When the current median UIC was compared to the median UIC reported in the 2008/09 NZANS, the increment is only about 25%; which is far below the projected increment of approximately 105%, or 84 mcg/day. In conclusion, the mandatory iodine fortification may improve iodine status but may not fully eliminate ID in NZ. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of iodine-fortified bread in increasing the iodine intake of the NZ population. A50 The built environment, nutritional status, functional status and quality of life of Malays elderly in Cheras Kuala Lumpur Oh YM 1, Suzana S 1 and NG TP 2 1School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore The built environment is a contextual factor that fundamentally influences physical functioning, nutritional status and quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the built environment, functional status, nutritional status and quality of life of elderly people in low cost residential area in Cheras Kuala Lumpur. Subject were interviewed to obtain data on built environment which consist of home environment, community environment and neighborhood satisfaction, Short-form health survey (SF-36), Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool (MRST-C), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL). Subjects were also measured for anthropometry and handgrip strength to measure the built environment, quality of life, nutritional status and functional status respectively. A total of 76 elderly Malays (72.4% women) participated with mean age of DDC

103 for men and for women respectively. Poor neighbourhood built environment (IV) (R 2 =22.1%, p<0.05) was associated with difficulty in walking (DV) (r= , p<0.05), decreased social function (DV) (r=0.316, p<0.01), and risk of malnutrition (DV) (r=0.277, p<0.05). Poor home environment (IV) (R 2 =17.2%, p<0.05) was associated with decreased IADL score (DV) (r= 0.306, p<0.01), and emotional well-being (DV) (r=0.351, p<0.01). Accessibility in community (IV) (R 2 =13.3%, p<0.05) was associated with low MRST-C score (DV) (r=-0.293, p<0.05), decreased social function (DV) (r=0.291, p<0.05), and physical function (DV) (r=0.228, p<0.05). In conclusion, built environment is associated with mobility, functional status, emotional well being and risk of malnutrition. There is a need to improve built environment of elderly in order to promote quality of life, nutritional status and functional status of elderly people. A51 Depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Chinese elderly in Mambang Diawan, Kampar, Perak: The relationship between physical activity and anthropometric status Ong ML & Siti Nur Asyura A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Depression is the most common and frequent cause of emotional suffering in later life which affects health and quality of life of older people. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical activity and anthropometric status with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Chinese elderly aged 60 years and above in Mambang Diawan, Kampar. A total of 152 respondents (males=81; females=71) aged between 60 to 84 years old (mean age 67±6.49) were recruited by simple random sampling and house-to-house visit method. Data on socio-demographic background, health characteristics, health seeking behavior, social and psychological characteristics, physical activity level and anthropometric measurement were collected using face-to-face interview with administered questionnaires. Hodkinson Abbreviated Mental test was used to test the cognitive function of the elderly and exclude those with scores more than 8. The 14-items Malay-Geriatric Depression Scale-14 (M-GDS-14) was used in this study and scoring of 8 and above indicated presence of depressive symptoms. Physical activity level was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Assessment of weight, height, arm span, waist circumference and percentage body fat mass were obtained. The prevalence of presence of depressive symptoms among the respondents was 14.5%. Almost 55% were classified as overweight and obesity, while 44.7% were normal BMI and 0.7% were underweight. Results showed that male respondents who with depressive symptoms had higher BMI compared those who were without depressive symptoms (p<0.05). Majority of the respondent (88.8%) had moderate and high physical activity level. The respondents with depressive symptoms reported lower total MET-min/week than those without depressive symptoms for both gender (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship found between BMI categories, waist circumference and percentage of body fat mass with presence of depressive symptoms. However, significant relationship found between physical activity level (χ 2 =13.31, p<0.05) with presence of depressive symptoms. In conclusion, more future studies may focus on relationship between these variables among other ethnics and other regions in order to improve quality of life among Malaysian elderly. DDD

104 A52 Malnutrition risk and its association with functional and psychosocial status among elderly Malays in Felda Sungai Tengi, Selangor Por CB 1, Suzana S 1 and Normah CD 2 1School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Health Psychology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Malnutrition is a common phenomenon among elderly. However, little is known about its association with functional and psychosocial status among elderly in Felda settlements. Thus, this cross sectional study was conducted to assess the malnutrition risk and to determine its association with functional and psychosocial status among elderly Malays in Felda Sungai Tengi, Selangor. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool for Community (MRST-C) were used to assess the malnutrition risk. Anthropometric assessments including weight, height, waist circumference, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) were measured. Body composition was assessed using Bioimpedence Analysis (BIA). Functional status were determined using Instrumental Activities of Living (IADL), Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) and handgrip strength. Mini Mental Status Test (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale were used to identify cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and loneliness status of respondents, respectively. A total of 160 respondents (men=36.2%) participated in the study, with mean age of 66.8 ± 3.6 for men and 63.9 ± 3.6 for women. A total of 42.5% of respondents were at risk of malnutrtion as assessed using MNA-SF. Men had a higher IADL scores (p<0.05), handgrip strength (p<0.001) and MMSE scores (p<0.05) compared to women. The mean scores of IADL and EMS were lower in respondents at risk of malnutrition, compared to those who were not at high risk (p<0.05 for both parameters). Pearson and Spearman correlation tests have shown that malnutrition risk as assessed using MNA-SF have significant correlation with age (r=-0.186, p<0.05), IADL (r=0.305, p<0.001), handgrip strength (r=0.182, p<0.05), EMS (r=0.182, p<0.05), GDS (r=-0.275, p<0.001), MMSE (r=0.225, p<0.05) and loneliness (r=-0.197, p<0.05). Multiple linear regression shown that 19.7% of malnutrition risk is associated with depression and decreased functional status as assessing using IADL. In conclusion, malnutrition risk is associated with functional and psychosocial status of respondents. There is a need to incorporating psychosocial aspect such as depression and also functional status in nutrition intervention programmes or measures. A53 Factors affecting anemia during pregnancy in Kulim, Kedah Sulhariza Husni Zain 1, Zainal Che Mee 1, Sharifah Hildah Shahab 1, Mariam Ahmad 1, Norpishah A. Razak 1, Noraini Omar 1, Azizah A. Rahman 1, Norlia A. Karim 1, Maznah Din 1, Norma Jauhari 1, Rebecca Rayapan 1 and Faizal Ibrahim 2 1District Health Office, Kulim, Kedah; 2 District Health Office, Seberang Prai Selatan, Pulau Pinang This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the common characteristics of women having anemia during pregnancy in Kulim. A total of 499 mothers with at least one episode of hemoglobin (Hb) level reached <11gm/dL who attended one of the 31 health clinics in Kulim was involved. Relevant data was obtained DDE

105 from the antenatal records (KIK/1(b)/96) and guided questionnaires. When anemia was first diagnosed, as classified by WHO it was found that 94.3% (n=467) of the samples were mild anemia (Hb 9-<11gm/dL). Most of the samples were iron deficiency anemia (IDA). At 36±1 week of pregnancy, 35.3% (n=176) of the samples managed to increase the Hb to normal level (Hb 11gm/dL). The prevalence was higher in young adult group, secondary education group, with household income <RM , household size 5-8 persons, having normal BMI during pre-pregnancy and multigravidas/paras. There were 3.0% (n=15) of the samples delivered premature baby where 86.7% (n=13) of them were mild anemia during first diagnosed. Meanwhile, 4.8% (n=24) of the samples delivered SGA baby with the least weight was 880g. However, these data was not found to be correlated with Hb status of the samples. After multiple linear regression analysis, Hb value when first diagnosed, total household income, percapita household income, POG when booking, ethnicity, religion and education level were found to be significant with Hb status at 36±1 week of pregnancy. As a conclusion, socioeconomic status is the main factor affecting Hb level during pregnancy in Kulim. This result is helpful in intervention plan to overcome anemia problem among pregnant women. Further study on food intake pattern among anemic mother is recommended to get better perspective on the household food security of anemic mothers despite having various treatment and intervention to overcome anemia. A54 Skeletal muscle mass, functional status and physical activity level among the older adults aged 60 years and above Tang SY and Zaitun Y Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between skeletal muscle mass, functional status and physical activity level among the older adults aged 60 years and above in Sri Petaling Senior Citizen Club. A total of 142 respondents (males=65, females=77) aged years old was recruited through convenience sampling. The socio-demographic background, physical activity level, and functional status of the respondents were obtained through face to face interview. Body composition, handgrip strength and anthropometric measurements were obtained using appropriate instruments and standard procedures. The skeletal muscle mass of the respondents were calculated using the prediction equation by Janssen et al. (2002). Data were analyzed using SPSS Version The result showed that the skeletal muscle mass was significantly higher (t=23.24, p<0.01) in males (24.27±2.04 kg) compared to the females (15.66±2.32 kg). Based on the skeletal muscle index (SMI), 59.2% and 5.6% of the respondents were classified with Class I and Class II sarcopenia, respectively. There were significant and positive correlations of skeletal muscle mass with handgrip strength (r=0.445, p<0.001), body weight (r=0.668, p<0.001), height (r=0.758, p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r=0.222, p<0.01) and fat free mass (r=0.937, p<0.001). On the other hand, skeletal muscle masswas significantly and negatively correlated with functional status (IADL) (r=-0.181, p<0.05) and body fat percentage (r= , p<0.001). Sarcopenia status was significantly associated with age groups (χ 2 =6.446, p=0.032) but not with gender (χ 2 =0.286, p>0.05). In conclusion, there were a high proportion of the older adults who were at risk of sarcopenia or loss of muscle mass. With advancing age, further decline in skeletal muscle mass will affect the functional status and physical activity level of older adults. Therefore, appropriate intervention program or activities need to be formulated and provided to those who are at risk. DDF

106 A55 Nutritional status of children in food basket program Tengku Fatimatul TH 1 and Noran H 2 1Pengkalan Chepa Health Clinic; 2 Kota Bharu Health District Office Food Basket Program was launched in 1989 to increase health and nutritional status of underweight children. Children who fit in the eligible criteria will receive a monthly food basket to help them achieve optimum physical and mental growth. The objective of this cross sectional study is to describe and evaluate the effect of food basket program on the nutritional status of children in Kota Bharu. Data collected included age, weight and height. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness according to BMI for age were based on WHO child growth standards A total of 65 children were involved. The mean of weight, height and BMI increased after food basket received. The mean of WAZ, HAZ and BMI-for-age z score also closer to the reference median than before. There is a significant different in mean of weight (95% CI: 2.71, 3.47), height (12.7, 16.04), WAZ (0.01, 0.69) and HAZ (0.34, 0.72) among the children. However, there is no significance different in BMI-for-age z score. The food basket program thus resulted in reduction of prevalence of severe underweight and stunting from 60.0% (39) to 32.3% (21) and from 49.2% (32) to 29.2% (19) respectively. The prevalence of severe thinness according to BMI for age was also decreased from 21.5% (14) to 12.3% (8). As a conclusion, food basket program had successfully helping these underweight children improved their nutritional status by increased weight, height, WAZ and HAZ; and reduced the prevalence of severe underweight, stunting and thinness according to BMIfor-age. For recommendations, a state wide study should be conducted to give a full description and evaluation the effect of food basket program. Introduction of Ready-To- Use Food Therapeutics to severe underweight children also should be considered to minimise consumption of food by individuals other than the intended recipients. A56 Relationship of nutritional and iron status with cognitive function among preschoolers in Sabah, Malaysia Thirukkanesh S, Norimah AK, Poh BK and Ng LO School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur It has been suggested that nutritional status and iron status affect children s cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and iron status of children aged 4 to 6 years with their cognitive function. This study is part of the Nutritional Survey of Malaysian Children, which is part of the fourcountry South East Asian Nutritional Survey (SEANUTS). This paper reports the results from 162 preschool children in Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang and Tuaran, Sabah. Socio-demography of the children was determined through SES questionnaire. Body height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated and compared with WHO (2006; 2007). Blood profiles including hemoglobin and serum ferritin level were determined in a subsample of 43 children. Cognitive function was assessed by using Raven s Colored Progressive Matrices (R-CPM) and the final raw score was adjusted for age and categorized into low, average and high scores based on R-CPM norm table. Majority of the children were boys (n=84; 51.9%) and were Sabah Bumiputras (n=112; 69.1%) such as Kadazan, Dusun and Bajau. Mean age was 5.61 ± 0.63 years old, weight 19.7 ± 4.7 kg and height ± 5.8 cm. Prevalence of stunting was 3.7% (n=6), underweight 5.5% (n=9), wasting 2.5% (n=4), overweight 10.5% (n=17) and obesity at 11.7% (n=19). Mean hemoglobin and ferritin was ± 10.5 g/l and 45.8 ± 25.1 µg/l DDG

107 respectively. Prevalence of anemia was 18.6% (n=8) while iron deficiency was 2.3% (n=1). Majority of the children were in the high cognitive function category (n=80; 49.4%), followed by average (n=72; 44.4%) and low (n=10; 6.2%). Significant differences (p<0.05) in cognitive function were found between gender, with boys (110±14) performing better than girls (105±13). Weight (p=0.579), BMI for age (p=0.857), weight for age (p=0.771) and height for age (p=0.265) were not correlated with cognitive function. Only height (r=0.165; p<0.05) and hemoglobin level (r=0.334; p<0.05) were significantly correlated with cognitive function score. Children of father s with tertiary education (110±15 vs 106±13) (p<0.05) and children from public preschools (116±10 vs 106±14) (p<0.001) had higher cognitive function scores than their counterparts. In conclusion, this study shows that there is relationship between iron status and cognitive function scores of preschoolers in Sabah whereas nutrition status was not. As such, appropriate intervention strategies focusing on iron intake should be taken to further enhance Sabahan preschooler s cognitive development and general wellbeing. A57 Physical activity levels among children: Comparison of objectively-measured versus self-reported questionnaire methods Wee BS 1,2, Poh BK 1, Bulgiba AM 3, Ruzita AT 1 and Ismail MN 2 1Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin; 3 Julius Centre University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. Participation in physical activity has been shown to promote children s musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular health, reduce adiposity in overweight youth and improve blood pressure in mildly hypertensive adolescents. Self-reported measures and objective measures are often employed for assessment of physical activity among children and adolescents. This study was conducted to compare pedometer-determined physical activity level and self-reported physical activity questionnaire among primary school children in Klang Valley. A subsample of 111 children (46 boys and 65 girls) from a larger study on childhood obesity participated in this study. Physical activity was measured using modified PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) and Omron digital pedometer was worn for 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Subjects comprised 64% Malays, 20.7% Chinese and 15.3% Indians. Mean age of boys and girls were years and years, respectively. Mean steps/day obtained from pedometer was 9572 (95%CI: 8342, 10800) for boys and 7338 (95%CI: 6661, 8015) for girls; whereas physical activity level measured from questionnaire was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.88, 2.11) for boys and 1.88 (95%CI: 1.79, 1.96) for girls. Pedometer results revealed boys were mainly sedentary whereas girls were in low active level according to the cut off by Tudor-Locke et al. (2008). The self-reported questionnaire showed that both boys and girls had low physical activity. There were significant differences between boys and girls for total mean steps/day (p<0.01), but no significant difference between the sexes for physical activity levels measured from the questionnaire. McNemar test showed there were significant differences (p<0.01) of correlates of pedometer-measured and selfreported physical activity among the children. We conclude that objectively-measured physical activity was a better tool for assessing physical activity among children compared to self-reported questionnaire where bias could occur due to under-reporting. DDH

108 A58 Validity and reliability of Home Environment Survey (HES) for Malaysian school children: a sample from Selangor Woon FC, Chin YS, Mohd Nasir MT, Kaartina S, Fara Wahida R, and Hiew CC Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of Home Environment Survey (HES). The HES was used to assess the overall home environment factors that support physical activity and healthy eating among children. HES consisted of 126 items which divided into ten dimensions that assessed the physical activity availability, physical activity accessibility, fruit/vegetable availability, fruit/vegetable accessibility, fat/sweet availability, fat/sweet accessibility, parental role modeling of physical activity, parental role modeling of healthy eating, parental policies to support physical activity, and parental policies to support healthy eating. A total of 482 students (10-12 years old) and their parents in Selangor were participated in this study. Students were requested to complete a two-day dietary recall and two-day physical activity recall. Parents of the students completed the HES, Fat and Fiber-Related Diet Behavior Questionnaire, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire -Short Form. The HES was translated into Malay, Chinese, and Tamil language and back translations were performed. Construct validity of the HES was determined by correlating each dimension of HES with physical activity and dietary practices of the students and parents. Reliability of the HES was assessed using the internal consistencies of all dimensions, except physical activity availability. Results showed that four dimensions of HES, namely physical activity availability, fruit/vegetables availability, fat/sweet availability, and fat /sweet accessibility were correlated to physical activity and dietary practices of the students (r = ; p < 0.05). The remaining dimensions, including parental role modeling of physical activity and healthy eating, fruit/vegetables availability, fruit/vegetables accessibility, fat/sweet availability, and parental policies to support healthy eating were correlated with physical activity and dietary practices of parents (r = ; p < 0.05). The Cronbach s alpha of all dimensions ranged from , except for physical activity accessibility (α = 0.45) and fat/sweet accessibility (α = 0.39). The findings showed that HES is a valid and reliable instrument to assess home environment related factors among Malaysian school children. A59 Income disparities in relation to body mass index (BMI) among Malay government employees in Klang Valley Yee SW 1, Sameeha MJ 1 and Ismail MN 2 1Nutrition Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu Working individuals with higher income in developing countries have been associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between income disparities and body mass index (BMI) among Malay government employees in Klang Valley. Anthropometry measurements of height and body weight were obtained to derive BMI. In order to determine food intake and physical activity level, a multiple-pass 24 hour diet recall and short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used as measurement instruments. A total of 215 Malay government employees aged years old from three government sectors were recruited for the study. The overall mean score of DDI

109 BMI and household income were 26.31kg/m 2 and RM ± respectively. Female subjects had a significantly higher household income (RM ) compared to male subjects (RM ) (p<0.05) but no significant difference was found in BMI between genders. However, there was a significant difference in age and education level (p<0.05) when compared among male and female subjects. Only overweight/ obese male subjects showed significantly higher household income (RM ± ) compared to normal weight counterparts who earned RM ± in average at p<0.05. In physical activity aspect, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in light and moderate physical activity among female subjects. Moreover, underweight/normal weight and overweight/ obese female subjects showed significant difference in total energy intake (p<0.05). By using Spearman correlation, income was significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.156, p<0.05) and physical activity (r=0.217, p<0.05) but not related with total energy and macronutrients intake (p>0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that higher income may relate to higher BMI and physical activity but not relate to food intake. More attention should be given to office white collar workers by increasing more activities for them, for example by doing exercise to reduce the prevalence of obesity in Malaysia. A60 Assessment of body weight status and its associated factors among Chinese institutionalized elderly in Kuantan, Pahang Yong KT & Siti Nur Asyura A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the body weight status and its associated factors among Chinese institutionalized elderly in Kuantan, Pahang (n=109; m=51, f=58). The mean age of the elderly recruited was 74.37±8.62 years. Information on socio-demographic background, health-related characteristics, and dietary intake were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Dietary intake was assessed through dietary history questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were measured by using appropriate instruments and standard procedures. The mean body weight, height (estimated by arm-span measurement), and body mass index (BMI) were 58.23±13.74 kg, ±8.70 cm, and 21.94±4.41 kg/m 2 respectively. According to BMI classification, 23.9% of the subjects were underweight and 20.2% were overweight and obese. The mean intake of protein, vitamin A, and niacin had achieved the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for Malaysia. Conversely, the mean intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, and dietary fiber did not fully achieve the RNI. One-way ANOVA test showed that underweight subject had significant lower mean energy intake (p<0.001) than normal weight and overweight subjects; underweight and overweight subjects had significant difference for mean iron intake (p<0.05); and among female subjects, overweight subjects showed significant lower mean niacin intake (p<0.05) from underweight and overweight subjects. Chisquare test showed no significant association between socio-demographic factors and health-related characteristics with body weight status except for the constipation (X 2 =7.85, p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between mean intake of energy (r= 0.227, p<0.05) and mean fat intake (r= 0.224, p<0.05) with mean BMI among the subjects. Dual forms of malnutrition which consisted of under-nutrition and overnutrition were found in this study. The assessment of body weight status and the factors associated with the body weight status should be considered in nutritional intervention in order to improve the nutritional and health status among the elderly subjects. DDJ

110 Poster Presentations: Day 1 Group C: Nutrients and Other Components in Food/Products C01 Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of selected commercially available eggplants Chang HK and Amin I Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Eggplant, Solanum melongena L., is a common vegetable that consume throughout the world. It has significant economic importance in Asian and African countries. The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of four commercially available eggplants (Solanum melongena L.), namely Round Asian, Black Beauty, Thai round, and Long Chinese. The extracts were prepared with 70% ethanol and water, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of extracts prepared from eggplants was measured by β-carotene bleaching (based on β-carotene bleaching assay) and 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. To determine total phenolic content, Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used. Majority of ethanolic extracts were found to have higher total phenolic content, better antioxidant and scavenging activities compared to water extracts. For ethanolic extracts, the orders of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of eggplants had shared the similar trends, in the order of Black Beauty > Round Asian > Thai Round > Long Chinese. Among ethanolic extracts, Black Beauty showed the significant (p < 0.05) highest total phenolic content (148 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight), antioxidant activity (78%) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 1.4 mg/ml) compared to other eggplants studied. Black Beauty was also had the significant (p < 0.05) greatest effect on scavenging DPPH radicals (EC50 = 4.4 mg/ml) compared to other water extracts. Among water extracts, Thai Round showed the significant (p < 0.05) highest antioxidant activity (75 %). In contrast, Long Chinese had the lowest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in both extractions. A positive correlation existed for both ethanolic (r 2 =0.845) and water (r 2 =0.740) extracts between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. EC50 for DPPH radical scavenging activity (r 2 =0.964) was negatively correlated with total phenolic content for ethanolic extracts. The study indicated that commercially available eggplants exhibited varying degrees of antioxidant properties. C02 Determination of phosphorus content in selected carbonated beverages most commonly consumed by students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Chong CN and Chan YM Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia DDK

111 Phosphorus can derived from organic (animal protein-rich foods and plant foods) and inorganic sources (food additives, for example in soft drinks). Excessive amount of phosphorus in foods and beverages may create problem to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to determine the soft drink consumption pattern among adults aged between 20 and 39 years old. The study also aimed to determine the phosphorus content in the selected carbonated beverages most commonly consumed by the adults. A total of 98 voluntary students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia were recruited. A self-administered Qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to determine the top 20 beverages most commonly consumed. The selected beverages were analyzed for its phosphorus concentration using Perkin-Elmer DV 2000 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The samples were bought from supermarket and grocery stores in Serdang, Selangor. Results of chemical analyses showed that Pepsi had the highest phosphorus content (85.17 mg/12oz), followed by Coca-cola (56.85 mg/12oz), Vanilla coke (54.33 mg/12oz), and Diet coke (44.96 mg/12oz). Pepsi and cola-type beverages had considerably high amount of phosphorus. Revive isotonic, 100 plus regular, 100 plus lemon lime and Mirinda strawberry had moderate amount of phosphorus content. For other fruit-flavoured carbonated drinks and root beer, the concentration of phosphorus were low (<1 mg/12oz). The top three carbonated beverages most commonly consumed by the respondents were 100 plus, Coca-cola and Pepsi. Frequency of soft drink consumption was high as there were 85.7% of the respondents consumed soft drinks at least once a month for the past one month. Our findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge that the consumption of carbonated beverages was common among young adults. Excessive consumption of the beverages with high phosphorus content should be avoided especially among patients with ESRD to maintain the phosphorus balance in the body. C03 Proximate and mineral contents of selected underutilized seaweeds from Peninsular Malaysia Eng ZP and Amin I Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Seaweeds are macroalgae that high in dietary fiber and minerals, have potential to be developed as functional food products. However, most of the seaweeds in Peninsular Malaysia are underutilized. This study was aimed to investigate proximate and mineral contents of the selected seaweeds. The proximate and mineral compositions of Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa, Gracilaria changii and a commercial seaweed product (Nori) were determined by AOAC Official Methods and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer (ICP-AES), respectively except for total available carbohydrate. The seaweeds had high in dietary fiber (28-56%) and protein (20-37%) and low in fat ( %) based on dry weight (DW) basis. C. lentillifera was found to be high in ash content (22% DW). The red seaweeds (G. changii and Nori) had higher in total available carbohydrate compared to green seaweeds (C. lentillifera and C. racemosa), with Nori contained the highest total available carbohydrate (56%). However, green seaweeds were generally higher in fat content than that of red seaweeds. Nori contained the lowest fat content (0.42%). The insoluble dietary fiber in the studied seaweeds was higher compared to soluble dietary fiber content. The studied seaweedshad high in magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P), and low in zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Nori was found to be high in potassium (K) ( mg/100 g DW), while the other seaweedshad low in potassium. The study indicated that seaweeds are good source of dietary fiber, proteins and minerals. Therefore, these underutilized seaweeds might be a good source for food products with health promoting properties. DDL

112 C04 Determination of total antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content in Agaricus bisporous and Agaricus brasiliensis Gan CH and Rahmat A Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This study was undertaken to measure and compare the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of Agaricus bisporous (white button mushroom) and Agaricus brasiliensis (Brazilian mushroom) in aqueous and 60% ethanol extract. Consumption of mushroom has increased remarkably because of their desirable aroma, taste and high nutritional content. The sample extracts were evaluated by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay to determine TPC and aluminium chloride colorimetric assay to determine TFC, while 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP assay) were used to determine antioxidant activities. Results showed that button mushroom had significant higher TPC in aqueous whereas Brazilian mushroom had significant higher TPC in 60% ethanol (p< 0.05). In terms of TFC, Brazilian mushroom had higher content than button mushroom in both types of solvents. The hierarchy of TFC was Brazilian mushroom (60% ethanol)> Brazilian mushroom (aqueous) > button mushroom (60% ethanol)> button mushroom (aqueous). For FRAP assay, Brazilian mushroom had significantly higher total antioxidant activity than the button mushroom in 60% ethanol (p< 0.05) but opposite trend with aqueous. For DPPH radical scavenging activity, Brazilian mushroom (60% ethanol) had the lowest EC50 value, followed by button mushroom (60% ethanol), Brazilian mushroom (aqueous) and button mushroom (aqueous). Pearson correlation test (p< 0.05) showed strong positive correlation between TPC and FRAP assay in both extracts (r= for 60% ethanol extract; r= for aqueous extract) while strong negative correlation in 60% ethanol extract (r= ) in EC50 of DPPH. For TFC, there was a strong positive, correlation with FRAP assay (r= 0.985) but negative correlation with EC50 (r= ) in 60% ethanol extract. In conclusion, high antioxidant activity in ethanol extract of mushrooms due to presence of phenolic content can potentially be used as a source of natural antioxidants. C05 Nutrient composition of temukut Lai CC and Norhaizan ME Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Temukut or brewer s rice is a by-product of rice milling and is comprised of broken rice, rice bran and rice germ. There was no study done on the proximate nutrients and bioactive compounds of temukut. Hence, this study was aimed at understanding the nutrient composition of temukut which includes proximate nutrients, minerals, fatty acids, vitamin E, and total phenolic content. Temukut contained ±0.040% moisture, 1.106±0.042% ash, ±0.482% available carbohydrate, 9.025±0.212% protein, 2.861±0.197% fat, and 3.130±0.159% total dietary fiber. Minerals content of temukut such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and potassium were ±1.014 mg, ± mg, 3.659±1.102 mg, ± mg, and ± mg per 100 g, respectively. The percentage of saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in temukut were %, %, and %, respectively, where the major fatty acids were palmitate, oleate and linoleate. Moreover, dry sample of temukut DEC

113 contained µg vitamin E/g where γ-tocotrienol was the major type of vitamin E, which was µg/g followed by α-tocopherol (7.235 µg/g), γ-tocopherol (7.104 µg/g), δ-tocopherol (6.147 µg/g), α-tocotrienol (1.760 µg/g) and δ-tocotrienol (0.335 µg/g). The total phenolic content of dried sample of temukut was ± mg GAE/100g. Nutrient content of temukut is quite similar to that of brown rice except that temukut has much higher sodium content. Temukut also possesses compounds beneficial to health such as fiber, vitamin E, and phenolics which are helpful in preventing degenerative diseases. C06 Determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect of phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in selected local soy-based dishes Lim SF and Hasnah H Nutrition Programme, School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur This study aimed to determine total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in eight local soy-based dishes. Total phenolic content in all dishes was determined using Folin-ciocalteau reagent method and found to be in the range of mg of GAE/ g wet weight. The antioxidant activity (r 2 = 0.946) of the samples was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay and β-carotene bleaching assay (r 2 = ). Both tests were significantly (p<0.01) correlated with the total phenolic content. Inhibitory effect of phytate on the bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc was determined by measuring their molar ratio. The phytate content was analyzed using anion-exchange chromatography whereas mineral contents were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Oneway ANOVA statistical test was used to analyze the mean difference between phytate and mineral contents among the food samples. In general, results showed that dishes based on fermented soy products have lower phytate content and better mineral bioavailability as compared to the non-fermented soy products. According to independent T-test, mean phytate content of dishes based on fermented soy products are significantly lower than non-fermented soy products (mean difference= mg/100 g, p< 0.05). This may due to the influence of the fermentation and cooking method on phytate content in the food. From the eight local soy-based dishes, five dishes had phytate/calcium molar ratio of >0.24, seven dishes had phytate/iron molar ratio of > 1, four dishes had phytate/zinc molar ratio of >15 and none were detected having [phytate x calcium]/zinc molar ratio>200. These results showed that although most food samples analyzed had high mineral content, the high phytate content may impair the bioavailability of the minerals in human body. C07 Glycemic index values of selected commercialized rice in Malaysia Ngan HB, Barakatun Nisak MY, Amin Ismail, Mohd Faez bb, Jeevetha S Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This experimental study was carried out to determine the glycemic index (GI) values of selected rice that commonly consumed by Malaysian. The protocol for GI testing and DED

114 calculation were based on the standardized methodology by Australian Standard. A total of six types of rice (6) were selected based on the survey s result that was conducted prior to the GI testing. The rice tested included Fragrant Rice, 5% broken White Rice, Parboiled Rice, Brown Rice, Basmati Rice and Glutinous Rice. A total of eleven (11) healthy subjects (6 males, 5 females, BMI=21.55±2.13kgm -2, age=22.6±1.2 years) participated in this study. Subjects were studied on nine (9) separate occasions (six tests for test rice and three repeated tests for reference food) after an overnight fasting. In the morning of the testing, subjects were served with either 25 g available carbohydrate of the test foods or the glucose reference in random order. The available carbohydrate for the tested rice was determined using Clegg Anthrone method. The GI value of the test rice in descending order were Fragrant Rice- 124±16.4, Parboiled Rice- 118±15.9, Basmati Rice- 111±13.4, Brown Rice- 110±16.2, 5%White Rice- 87±14.4 and Glutinous Rice, 81±8.6. There were no significant difference between the GI values of the rice and the reference food and even among the tested rice (p>0.05). As a conclusion, this study showed that all the test rice were surprisingly categorised as having high GI values ranged from 81 ± 8.6 for the Glutinous Rice to 124 ± 16.4 for the Fragrant Rice where glucose reference, GI= 100. Further research is needed to investigate potential factors that are important in influencing the GI value of the rice. C08 Evaluation of fatty acids in selected supplementary oils Nor Shahidah MY and Azrina A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Supplementary oils are included in the categories of nonvitamin/nonmineral supplements that often used therapeutically and rich in essential fatty acids (EFAs) which hold the most interest today in maintaining health and preventing disease. The quality and quantity of fatty acids in supplementary oils are important in order to make sure correct information of label and their health claims are truthful and not misleading. This study was carried out to evaluate the type and amount of fatty acids in selected supplementary oils; virgin coconut oil (VCO), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), evening primrose oil (EPO), black seed oil (BSO), flax seed oil (FSO) and grape seed oil (GSO). The fatty acids were determined and quantified using gas chromatography. Results were expressed as percentage (%) of fatty acid composition and milligram (mg) of fatty acids per 500mg supplementary oils. In this study, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the fatty acid composition of the six supplementary oil samples. This study found that VCO was dominated by lauric acid (C12:0) at 48.26±0.46%, EVOO was dominated by oleic acid (C18:1) at 68.31±0.85%, while EPO, BSO, and GSO were dominated by linoleic acid (C18:2) at 72.84±0.98%, 54.37±2.15%, 71.73±0.05%, respectively. FSO was dominated by linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) at 53.62±0.95%. For quantitative determination of fatty acids, lauric acid (C12:0) was highest in VCO at ±9.26mg. Oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) were highest in EVOO and FSO samples at ±5.35mg and ±6.12mg, respectively. Whereas, linoleic acid (C18:2) was in the highest amount in EPO, BSO and GSO samples at ±7.57mg, ±15.88mg and ±2.36mg, respectively. As for the total SFA, MUFA and PUFA, VCO contained higher amount of SFA, EVOO contained higher amount of MUFA, while EPO, GSO, FSO and GSO had higher amount of PUFA. Generally, slight differences were observed in the type and amount of fatty acids in the analyzed samples and the declared values on the label of the six supplementary oil products. In conclusion, the content of supplementary oils especially fatty acids can be of particular interest for further investigation and can provide beneficial information to consumer when selecting these supplementary products. DEE

115 C09 Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load of adolescents in Kuala Lumpur Norhanisah AS, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Glycemic index (GI) is a ranking of food based on its effect to elevate blood glucose level whereas glycemic load (GL) is the amount of carbohydrate multiplied by its GI. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary GI and GL among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using body weight, height, and waist circumference, while body mass index (BMI) was calculated. To estimate GI and GL, multiple pass 24 hour dietary recall was used and values for GI and GL were assigned using a previously published formula. Final dataset of 105 subjects aged years old were completed. A total of 82.2% of boys and 63.3% of girls were having normal BMI. Meanwhile, 13.3% of girls reported to be overweight and none of the boys were overweight. There were 8.9% of boys and 10% of girls were having obese BMI. Underweight subjects consist of 8.9% of boys and 13.3% of girls. Majority of subjects had lower waist circumference and not at risk for abdominal obesity for 93.3% of boys and 90% of girls. On the other hand, 6.7% of boys and 10% of girls had higher waist circumference and at risk for abdominal obesity. Mean GI was at moderate level, 65.29±3.47 for boys and 67.39±4.50 for girls. Mean GL for boys was ±52.25 and ±41.19 for girls. Pearson correlation indicated that GI and GL were not associated (p<0.05) with BMI, waist circumference, and energy consumption. GL was found to have a strong and positive relationship with energy intake (r=0.640, p<0.001) and carbohydrate intake (r=0.806, p< 0.001). However, a weak but significant association was found between GL with protein (r=0.266, p<0.005). In conclusion, outcome of this study showed that GI and GL have a very weak association with weight status. However, GL was found to be strong and positively associated with energy intake and carbohydrate. Finding from this study suggested that the dietary GI for adolescents in Kuala Lumpur was within the intermediate GI. This study proposed that efforts in replacing high and moderate GI foods with low GI foods to reduce dietary GI and GL in order to improve quality of carbohydrate intake among adolescents. C10 Determination of caffeine content in local commercial instant herbal and non-herbal coffee and tea beverages Nur Zalika Z and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia With the blooming of usage of herbal in supplement world, introduction of herbal extracts into coffee and tea products had become a popular trend in world especially in Malaysia. Caffeine has drawn more attention due to its physiological, stimulatory and antioxidative effects. Consumers are interested in knowing the exact amounts of caffeine existing in these beverages. However, limited data exist, especially for local commercial instant (LCI) herbal coffee and tea beverages. Therefore, four brands of LCI herbal and non-herbal coffee beverages respectively and four brands of LCI herbal and non-herbal tea beverages respectively, for comparison purpose, were analyzed to determine the caffeine content. The caffeine determination was done by utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a UV/Visible detector. The mobile phase consisted of 20%:80% (v/v) acetonitrile and deionized water. Triplicate analyses were performed on all samples. The result of analysis showed that the caffeine content in all LCI herbal coffee samples ranged between and 0.263mg/g which the lowest DEF

116 content found in brand A (0.160 ± 0.006mg/g) and highest content of caffeine was found in brand B (0.263 ± 0.003mg/g). In other hand, the caffeine content in LCI non-herbal coffee samples were between and 0.312mg/g which the lowest caffeine content was found in brand H (0.195 ± 0.006mg/g) and highest from brand G (0.312 ± 0.009mg/g). Determination of caffeine content in LCI herbal tea samples showed that the mean value of caffeine content ranged between and 0.195mg/g. The lowest content of caffeine was found in brand L (0.129 ± 0.007mg/g) and the highest in brand J (0.195 ± 0.002mg/g). While, caffeine content in LCI non-herbal tea samples were in the range of to 0.208mg/g. The lowest caffeine content was found in brand O (0.103 ± 0.001mg/g) and highest in brand N (0.208 ± 0.003mg/g). Statistically, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between LCI herbal and non-herbal coffee samples in means of caffeine content (0.221 ± 0.043; ±.0480mg/g, p=0.821) and also in LCI herbal and non-herbal tea samples (0.159 ± 0.033; ± 0.042mg/g, p=0.999). However, there is significant difference (p<0.05) of in means of caffeine content between LCI herbal coffee and tea samples. C11 Determination of cadmium, lead and zinc in local commercial instant herbal and non-herbal tea beverages Nurul Huda AA and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Herbs are being increasingly added in many kinds of instant teas due to their possible medicinal effects and these drinks may contain a wide range of metallic elements. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd), lead(pb) and zinc(zn) in local commercial instant herbal and non-herbal tea beverages. The sampling consisted of eight local instant herbal and non-herbal beverages of different brands. Four samples of each herbal and non-herbal tea brands respectively were compared for their Cd, Pb, and Zn. The standard procedure described in AOAC (2000) was followed for the preparation of samples for analysis of heavy metals. All samples were treated using dry ashing method and proceeded with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result of analysis showed that in all tea samples studied, the highest Cd and Pb content was detected in herbal tea which is sample B ( mg/kg) and sample A ( mg/kg) respectively. There was no significant different of Cd content between herbal tea ( mg/kg) and non-herbal tea ( mg/kg) according to a t-test adjusted for inequality of variances, [t (15) = 1.59, p = 0.13]. There was also no significant different of Pb content between herbal ( mg/kg) and non-herbal tea samples ( mg/kg), [t (14.03)=1.23, p=0.24]. As for Zn, herbal tea was found to have highest content of Zn which is sample C ( mg/kg) compare to non-herbal tea. No significant different [t (15.83)=1.95, p=0.07] of Zn content was found between herbal ( mg/kg) and non-herbal tea samples ( mg/kg). Importantly the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn detected in these products were all below the maximum levels permitted by Malaysian Food Act In conclusion, these findings indicate safe levels of these 3 metals in selected herbal and non-herbal local beverages. C12 Weight loss intervention among risk of overweight, overweight and obese staff in health department of Kedah Rohida SH 1, Latifah AR 1, Sharipah Salbiah SH 2, Juliani Faridza A 3, Wan Mohd Nurussabah AK 5, Zuwariah AT 4, Faisal I 3, Khairul AA 1, Norazlina MN 1, Nur Wahidda A 1,Intan Hartini AB 1, Tan YN 1, and Zaiton D 5 DEG

117 1State Health Department of Kedah; 2 State Health Depatment of Perlis; 3 State Health Department of Pulau Pinang; 4 State Health Depatment of Perak; 5 Department of Nutrition, Ministry of Health Obesity is a public health problem because it can be associated with medical complications and will increase the problem of morbidity and mortality. Treatment alone is not enough to obstacle this problem, promotion and prevention strategies are accurate and relevant at the moment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight loss intervention program among health staff based on health indicator weight, waist circumference, percent body fat and Body Mass Index. All medical personnel who are at risk of overweight, overweight and obesity were invited to attend this program. Classification of overweight and obesity are based on WHO classification, Additional criteria added to program are only who interested in reduced their weight and can follow the all activities conducted during the program. A total of 261 health personnel have been collected for this program in all districts in the state. This program runs for 6 months. Only 224 staff completed a period of 6 months. The measurement of anthropometric done before and after the completion of a period of 6 months. Anthropometry was measured using the weight scale (SECA 880) and the height using the body meter (Seca) meanwhile waist circumference using a tape measure and body fat percentage using TANITA Body Fat analyzer. Percentage of staff had a normal Body Mass Index has rise from 5.8% before intervention to 13.8% after the intervention. Mean body weight was significantly different (74.37 ± 12.73: ± 12.45, p<0.05). Mean waist circumference to the members before the intervention was significant before and after program (85.76 ± 9.17: ± 16.9, p<0.05), mean waist circumference showed a significant difference before and after(85.76 ± 17: ± 16.9, p<0.05) Mean percentage of fat for the members before the intervention was significant before and after( ± 6.13: ± 5.6, p<0.05) the average percent fat showed a significant difference. Mean BMI for the members also significant before and after the intervention (29.76 ± 5.6; ± 4.22 p<0.05). C13 Determination of vitamin E, total polar compound and free fatty acid in reused cooking oil among hawkers at night market Rosnani N and Sokhini AM Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science. Universiti Putra Malaysia The study was carried out to determine the polar compound and free fatty acid content in oil used by hawkers in night market at Bangi area. The night markets were chose from the list stated by Majlis Daerah Bangi. There were six night markets. For the sample selection, systematic sampling was used and from there 37 samples were collected. The criterion of the sample was the oil used in deep frying. The samples were collected for about 100 ml for each and put in glass bottle. The method used for the polar compound determination was silica column chromatography while free fatty acid was determined by titration method. This study had found the practice of heating oil repeatedly increased the polar compound content and free fatty acid in the oil. For polar compound, all the values did not exceed the international standard for the polar compound content as all the samples value less than 25%. The highest amount of polar compound was in sample number 31 where the percentage was 23.6±1.4% while the lowest were samples no 1 and 32 at the 0%. The determination of free fatty acid found the amount of the free fatty acid was exceeded the DEH

118 standard percentage of the oil that need to be discarded. The standard of free fatty acid in use oil must not more than 2% but the experiment had found 27 samples were exceeded the standard. The highest was sample no 37 at 8.5±0.2% and the lowest is sample number 1 at 1±0.1. The oil used by hawkers in night market was content large amount of free fatty acid but less in polar compound. C14 Determination of sodium in selected local unhealthy snacks Saw SM and Amin I Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Crispy, crunchy, and crumbly, are often used to describe the textural characteristics of snack foods that is not eaten during meal times- breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Snacking has increasing from time to time regardless of age group especially the consumption of salty snacks. Although sodium is essential to human health, the world s population consumes sodium far in excess of what is required. High consumption of sodium from unhealthy snacks has associated with some diseases like hypertension, osteoporosis, stomach cancer, and renal failure. This study was aimed to determine the sodium content of unhealthy snacks.these unhealthy snacks were commonly made of wheat flour based for example fried dhal, spicy broad bean, mini prawn stick, muruku, otak perisa ikan, and tapioca sticks. The convenience sampling method was used to select the unhealthy snacks while the sodium content of unhealthy snacks was determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The range of sodium content of 9 unhealthy snacks was 230 to 890 mg per 100 g of snacks with a mean of mg per 100 g.there is a significant difference between all the snacks in the analysis of variance test (p< 0.01). The unhealthy snack with the highest sodium content ( mg per 100 g) was spicy muruku while the lowest sodium content ( mg per 100 g) was tapioca stick.the results indicated that7 out of 9 samples had high sodium content which was more than 480 mg. Thus, information on sodium content of unlabeled snacks is essential for public to aware of the sodium content of these snacks and important for health professional during health promotion programmes. C15 Amount and types of sugar content of selected homemade beverages according to types of restaurants in rural and urban area in Klang Valley Sharifah Azizah TN, Nik Shanita S & Hasnah H School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The aim of this study were to determine and to compare the amount and types of sugar in selected homemade beverages according to types of restaurants in rural and urban area in Klang Valley. Seven different types of homemade beverages commonly consumed by Klang Valley population namely, Milo Kosong, Milo O, Milo Susu, Teh O, Nescafe O, Nescafe Susu and Fruit juice (orange) were selected. The beverages were randomly bought from stalls, cafeterias and restaurants around rural area (Rawang) (n=7) and urban area (Kuala Lumpur) (n=7). The amount and types of sugars in beverages was DEI

119 determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Refractive Index (RI) detector. Results indicated that 71.4% of the total beverages were categorised as high sugar because of the sugar content was more than 15g per 100ml. The results also showed that, Nescafe Susu particularly had the highest total sugar content (33.2 ± 5.7g/100ml) while Fruit Juice (orange) had the lowest (12.7 ± 5.2/100ml). The major types of sugar detected in all beverages were sucrose (81.2%), followed by lactose (11.4%) and maltose (4.1%). Overall, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in amount of sugar between beverages collected in Rawang (rural) with Kuala Lumpur (urban). However, findings from this study indicated that amount of sugar in beverages from cafeterias was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared with stalls and restaurants. In conclusion, results of this study provided useful information in suggesting suitable location when purchasing homemade beverages due to its lower sugar content. C16 Proximate and total phenolic contents in Nypa fruticans Sum PC and Azrina A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Nypa fruticans dominated most of the mangrove forests in Malaysia. The leaves of the Nypa fruticans was traditionally used for roof material like thatching, while the sap of Nypa fruticans was useful to produce alcoholic drink, sugar, syrup and vinegar. However, the fruit of Nypa fruticans was discarded most of the time while collecting the sap because flesh was considered nutritionally inferior. Some local population would serve the flesh as dessert ingredients. In this study, proximate and total phenolic contents of mature and immature Nypa fruticans flesh were determined. Results showed that the mature Nypa fruticans flesh contained ± 1.19 % of moisture, ± 0.46% of carbohydrate, 4.02 ± 0.17 % of crude protein, 4.33 ± 0.39% of crude fat, ± 0.67% of insoluble fiber, ± 1.71% soluble fiber, and 1.11 ± 0.08% of ash. While, the immature Nypa fruticans consisted of ± 0.95 % of moisture, 4.40 ± 0.36% of carbohydrate, 0.97 ± 0.02 % of crude protein, 0.52 ± 0.06 % of crude fat, 0.88 ± 0.10 % of insoluble fiber, 0.96 ± 0.24 % of soluble fiber, and 0.78 ± 0.07 % of ash. Significant differences were observed between in all the proximate nutrients of mature and immature Nypa fruticans flesh. Furthermore, the current study showed that mature Nypa fruticans flesh had significantly higher (P < 0.05) total phenolic content than immature Nypa fruticans, which were ± 59.9 and ± 20.0 mg GAE/100g in wet weight, respectively. In conclusion, mature Nypa fruticans flesh can be a good source of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and mineral as well as high in total phenolic content, while the immature Nypa fruticans flesh was extremely high in moisture content but low in other proximate nutrient and phenolic contents. C17 Comparison of antioxidant component and capacity in different parts of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Tan KP and Azrina A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Epidemiological evidences have supported the consumption of fruits to the reduction of oxidative stress-related diseases. Nutmeg, Myristica Fragrans, have been shown to posses strong antioxidant activities, act as good preservative agent and offer benefits in DEJ

120 some medical treatments. This study aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant components and activity in different parts (skin, pulp, mace and seed) of nutmeg. Freeze dried samples were extracted using 80% methanol. Folin-Ciocalteu assay was employed in determining total phenolic content (TPC) while aluminium chloride assay was applied in the determination of total flavonoid content (TFC). Ascorbic acid (AA) was also assessed by titrimetric method. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Results revealed that seed (114.47±6.33 mg GAE/g dw) contained the highest TPC followed by mace (37.39±0.40 mg GAE/g dw), skin (25.26±0.79 mg GAE/g dw) and pulp (18.80±0.39 mg GAE/g dw). Similarly, TFC was also the highest in the seed followed by skin, mace and pulp, accounting for ±18.26 mg rutin (RE)/g dw, ±5.53 mg RE/g dw, ±13.18 mg RE/g dw and ±9.64 mg RE/g dw, respectively. However, the highest AA value was found in mace (2.85±0.02mg /100g) while the lowest was found in pulp (2.05±0.03 mg /100g). As for antioxidant activity, results indicated that seed possessed the highest FRAP and TEAC values, accounting for ±17.33µmol trolox equivalent (TE)/g dw and 50.99±0.23µmol TE/g dw while pulp appeared to be the lowest compared to others. Statistically, positive correlation was found between antioxidant components and activities except for AA and TEAC assays (p<0.05). TPC and TFC exhibited strong correlation with FRAP assay while TFC showed strong correlation with TEAC assay. In conclusion, nutmeg seed contained the highest TPC and TFC with the strongest antioxidant activity among all. C18 Maternal nutritional status and pregnancy symptoms among healthy and gestational diabetic women Teow YL, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia The aims of this study were to compare and correlate maternal nutritional status and pregnancy symptoms between healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic women. A total of 108 pregnant women (77 healthy and 31 gestational diabetic), aged between 19 to 34 year-old, within the gestational age of 32 to 40 weeks were recruited from Obstetric and Gynecology, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Pregnancy symptoms score were assessed with validated Pregnancy Symptoms Questionnaire. Independent t-test, Mann- Whitney test, Pearson and Spearman correlations were used for statistical analysis. Gestational diabetic women had significantly higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (p=0.026), body fat mass at late trimester (p=0.001), experienced higher frequency (p=0.044) and severity (p=0.026) of headache than healthy pregnant women. Maternal weight gain rate was correlated positively with various pregnancy symptoms among pregnant women. There is a significant difference of maternal nutritional status and general pregnancy symptoms between healthy pregnant and gestational diabetic women. There is also a significant correlation of maternal weight gain rate and pregnancy symptoms among the pregnant women. C19 Comparison antioxidant content and activity between varieties of Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L) osbeck) Toh JJ & Azrina A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DEK

121 Pomelo (Citrus grandis (L) osbeck) is known as limau bali or limau abong in Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant content (AC) and antioxidant activity (AA) in various parts of two varieties of pomelo fruit. The AC of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and ascorbic acid were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay, aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and method of Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC), 1991 respectively. Meanwhile, the AA was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Comparison of the various parts and varieties of pomelo extracts were made among peel and pulp of Tambun White (TW) as well as peel and pulp of Tambun Pink (TP). The TPC, TFC and ascorbic acid of pomleo extracts were in the range of 6.20±0.25 to 19.96±0.09 mg GAE/g dried weight (DW), 1.33±0.05 to 17.52±0.12 mg QE/g DW and 7.42±0.00 to 41.21±1.43 mg AA/100g fresh weight, respectively. Nevertheless, the range of AA as determined by FRAP and TEAC was 37.70±0.63 to 62.47±6.28 µmol Fe (II)/g DW and 30.48±0.81 to 73.15±0.76 µmol TE/g DW, respectively. The TPC, TFC and TEAC values were in the order of TW peel > TP peel > TW pulp > TP pulp; whereas, the order for ascorbic acid and FRAP value was TW pulp > TP pulp > TW peel > TP peel. The peel of pomelo was significantly higher of AC and AA than the pulp of pomelo (p < 0.05). Moreover, the variety of TW had higher AC and AA compared with TP variety. TEAC was highly and positively correlated with TPC and TFC (r > 0.9) except for ascorbic acid and FRAP. In conclusion, peel of pomelo and variety of TW possessed higher AC and AA which can be recommended as rich sources of natural antioxidants. C20 Determination of macronutrients and isoflavones contents in soy based local dishes Yeak ZW and Hasnah H Nutrition Programme, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. The health benefits of nutrient and non nutrient contents in soybeans, has increased the interest in determining the components in it. Soy isoflavone has been known to reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases and able to reduce postmenopusal symptoms. This study was carried out to determine the macronutrients and isoflavones contents in eight soy local based dishes. Proximate contents were analysed by using AOAC methods (1997) while carbohydrate content was calculated by difference. Isoflavones contents were analysed using method by Hutabarat et al. (2000) which used High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode detector. Eight types of local soy based dishes were bought from Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman (TAR) and Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Macronutrient and isoflavones contents in each sample from each location were analysed in duplicates. Analyses were carried out on the eight soy local based dishes which have been categorized as whole dish (W) and also soy products separated out from the whole dishes (S). Macronutrients were reported based on wet basis and results showed that egg tofu soup has the highest moisture content (87.64%) while stir fried egg tofu (S) with vegetables has the highest ash content (2.01%). Sambal tofu (S) has the highest amount of protein (17.2%) while sambal tempeh (W) has the highest fat content (32.9%). Sambal tempeh goreng Jawa (S) has the highest carbohydrate content (61.1%). Daidzein content was highest in sambal tempeh goreng Jawa (S) which was mg/ 100g. Sambal tempeh goreng Jawa (W) contained the highest amount of genestein (39.46 mg/ 100g). The range of soy isoflavones in 100g of samples were 7.89 to mg for daidzein and 0 to mg for genestein. These results showed that different types of dishes have different values of nutrient content, despite the same usage of raw soy based products (such as tempeh and tofu) in preparing the dishes. It can be concluded that soy based DEL

122 dish like sambal tempeh goreng Jawa contained considerably high amount of macronutrient and isoflavone contents. Poster Presentations: Day 1 Group F1: Animal and Experimental Nutrition F01 Anti-diabetic potentials of lycopene and red palm oil in male rats Asmah Rahmat 1, Hanieh Jafari 1, Mansooreh Sadat Mojani 1, Morteza Ebadi 1, Huzwah Khazaai 2 1Department of Nutrition and Health Science, faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2 Department of Biomedical Science, faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia The scope of this study is to determine hypoglycemic effects of lycopene and red palm oil in diabetic streptozotocin (STZ) rats. Following the recommendations of the World Health Organization on the beneficial uses of vegetables and fruits in the treatment of DM, investigation of anti-diabetic agents from vegetables and fruits have also become more essential. Generally, lycopene is one of the most powerful antioxidants, with a singletoxygen-quenching ability twice as high as that of β-carotene and 10 times higher than that of α-tocopherol. Likewise, Red Palm Oil (RPO), natural carotenoid rich oil, has the potential to act as very potent anti-oxidant; indeed, it contains the highest natural source of pro-vitamin A carotenes and recognized as one of the richest natural sources of vitamin E (tocotrienol). Following induction of diabetes with STZ (55 mg/kg bw) for diabetes, 48 sprague-dawley rats were divided into healthy control, diabetic control and 4 groups which supplemented with lycopene and RPO with two concentration of 10 and 20 mg/kg. Blood glucose was measured at baseline, middle and end of the experiment. After 6 weeks of treatment, Lycopene (mean differences: 3.88 and 4.11 mmol/l for 10 and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively) and RPO (mean differences: 3.95 and 4.34 mmol/l for 10 and 20 mg/kg bw, respectively) were capable to lower blood sugar significantly compare to diabetic control counterpart (p<0.05). Finally, this study presented lycopene and RPO as valuable sources in case of hyperglycemia and diabetes. F02 Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on total antioxidant status and full blood count in streptozotocinnicotinamide induced diabetic rats Ng HM, Nurul Amira B & Asmah R Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor. DFC

123 Numerous studies have suggested that traditional herbal medicine can be utilised as an alternative medicine to treat or control diseases. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ginger (Zingiber officianle Roscoe) on total antioxidant status and full blood count in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. For the sample preparation, the whole crude gingers were washed, peeled and chopped into tiny bits. After freeze dried, the dried forms of gingers were further milled into powder form by using mechanical grinder. There were six groups in this study which included normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC), diabetic treated with 250mg/kg body weight of ginger powder (D250), diabetic group treated with 500mg/kg body weight of ginger powder (D500), and diabetic group treated with 750mg/kg body weight of ginger powder (D750). The different doses of ginger powder extract were given once in everyday to the rats by force-feeding. The blood sample was taken to measure total antioxidant status (TAS) and full blood count (FBC) in the end of the treatment (Day 42). TAS was measured using Selectra E chemical analyser, while FBC was measured using Sysmex hematology analyser. The hematology parameters of FBC included red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet (PLT). The results showed that ginger has no effect on TAS and FBC. The results showed that ginger had no effect on TAS, RBC, WBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, and PLT. Statistically, analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the parameters above. However, there is a significant different between NC and DC in MCH (p<0.05) and MCHC (p<0.01). In conclusion, crude ginger has no effect on TAS and the components of FBC except the levels of MCH and MCHC. F03 A study on the toxicity of Rhaphidophora decursiva (roxb.) extract on rats Syakirin K, Norhaizan ME and Siti Suriani A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor R. decursiva (Roxb.) Schott has been used by some Chinese population in Malaysia to treat colon cancer. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its safety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of R. decursiva methanol extract after acute and sub-acute administration in rats. Forty eight Sprague Dawley males rats were divided into 8 groups with 6 rats in each group. For acute toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 0.7g/kg, 2.1g/kg and 3.5g/kg daily for 14 days, whereas for sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with 0.07 g/kg, 0.14 g/kg and 0.21 g/kg/day for 30 days. Control groups were given with distilled water. Parameters measured were body weight, biochemical analysis [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, and creatinine level] and hematology parameters [white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit and platelet]. The results showed that there were no significant difference (p>0.05) on body weight, biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and albumin) and hematology parameters between the control group and the rats that received different doses of R. decursiva extract. The significant difference (p<0.05) was only seen on creatinine level (p<0.05) between control and treatment groups. For ALT, the significant difference between control and treatments groups was found in acute toxicity study but not for sub-acute toxicity. In conclusion, there were no mortality and signs of toxicity in both acute (14-day) and sub acute (30-day) toxicity studies of R. decursiva methanol DFD

124 extract. The median lethal death (LD50) value of R. decursiva for rats is more than 3500 mg/kg per day for 30 days. F04 Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on plasma glucose level and body weight of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats Tan SF, Nurul Amira B and Asmah R Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of raw ginger on the plasma glucose level and body weight of induced diabetic rats, thereby evaluate its hypoglycemic effect. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) weighed 200g to 300g were divided into six groups, which consisted of eight rats in each group. NC and DC groups were normal and diabetic rats, respectively, without any treatment. D250, D500, and D750 groups were ginger treatment groups with doses of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, and 750mg/kg of body weight, respectively. DG group was the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide antidiabetic drug. Raw ginger extract was administered into the rats through force feed method for a period of 42 days. The blood samples for plasma glucose analysis using chemical auto-analyzer were collected via retro-orbital on day 0 and 42. The body weight measurement and blood glucose screening via glucometer were carried out on day 0, 14, 28, and 42. The results showed significant increment (p<0.05) of mean body weight for NC and D250 groups after 42 days. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for all groups when compared to NC and DC groups, on day 0, 14, 28, and 42, respectively. For the plasma glucose level, NC and DG groups showed significant reduction (P<0.05), but ginger treatment did not significantly alter the plasma glucose level of D250, D500, and D750 groups after 42 days. Comparing between groups, the plasma glucose of all groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than NC group on day 0, and it remained on day 42. At the same time, DG group showed significant lower (P<0.05) result than DC group on day 42. Blood glucose screening also showed similar effects. This means that glinbenclamide drug was effective in controlling blood glucose level of rats. In conclusion, raw ginger does not pose hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats in this study. DFE

125 Poster Presentations: Day 2 Group B: Dietary Intake, Consumption Pattern and Association with Diseases B01 Gender differences in the eating habit of medical students Ahmad Syazwan Bin Samsuddin 1, Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani 2, Mariam Mohamad 2, Mohammed Nasimul Islam 2 & Jesmine Khan 2 1Faculty of applied sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Healthy eating habit is a key to lead a disease free life. In the present study eating habit of the year one medical students was investigated. Data were analyzed to differentiate any gender differences. A cross sectional study using a self administered questionnaire was distributed to 234 year one students of a medical faculty, ranging in age from years. Data were analyzed by using chi-square test to identify any significant differences between male and female students in their eating habit. Our results showed that only 45% male and 56.5% female students consumed breakfast daily. Meanwhile, 45% male and 40% female students consumed vegetables daily. Majority i.e. 85% male and 82% female students never consumed milk in a week. For high salt foods, 7.5% male and 8.6% female students reported to consume them every day while 30% male and 23.3% female students consume high sugar food daily. Only 30% male and 25.3% female students consume meat, fish or pulses daily. There was no significant differences between the eating habits of male and female students except for omitting breakfast where the proportion of female was 24% higher than male (χ 2 =21.3, df=3, p<0.001). Eating habit of the year one medical students does not comply with the Malaysian dietary guidelines. Urgent strategies should be designed and implemented to improve the eating habit of the future health care providers. B02 Disordered eating, self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity among female college students Aina Shuhada M and Soo KL Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Studies regarding disordered eating indicate that the prevalence of disordered eating is increasing from time to time across the world and female college students are regarded as one of the high risk group exposed to this problem. Hence this study aims to determine the proportion of disordered eating among female college students and to explore the association between self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity with disordered eating. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT- 26), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were administered on 242 female college students aged 18 to 24 years to assess disordered eating, self-esteem and physical activity respectively. DFF

126 Anthropometric measurements were taken for body weight status classification. This cross-sectional study revealed that 14.5% of the respondents are having eating problem. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the association between disordered eating with self-esteem, body weight status and physical activity. Body weight status (r =.242, p <.01) and physical activity (r =.269, p <.01) were significantly associated with disordered eating but there was no significant relationship between disordered eating and selfesteem (r = -.107, p =.098). In conclusion, further studies on shared links associated with disordered eating are needed to help in constructing appropriate counselling programs for students who are at risk of eating disorder. B03 Effect of maternal food choices and pregnancy symptoms on birth sizes Ainor FA, Loy SL, Marhazlina M and Hamid Jan JM Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia Maternal nutrition and pregnancy symptoms were shown to exert impacts on birth outcomes. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of maternal food groups intake and pregnancy symptoms with birth size. A total of 100 pregnant women who were at their third trimester (32 to 40 gestational weeks) of gestation were recruited from Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Mothers were interviewed to complete the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire and Pregnancy Symptoms Questionnaire. Birth weight, birth length and head circumference were measured within 72 hours after delivery. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression adjusted for maternal height, prepregnancy body mass index, parity, gestational age at birth and neonatal gender. Among food groups (in tertiles), confection was associated with lower birth weight (P=0.025), head circumference (P=0.024) and ponderal index (P=0.024). Similarly, condiment showed a negative association with birth weight (P=0.025) and head circumference (p=0.037) while tea and coffee intake was associated with higher head circumference to birth weight ratio (p=0.035). Among pregnancy symptoms categories, frequency and severity of constitutional symptoms showed a negative association with birth length (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively) but positive association with ponderal index (p=0.007 and p=0.009, respectively). These findings suggest that maternal dietary intake and pregnancy symptoms exert beneficial and adverse effects on foetal growth. Food selection and pregnancy symptoms management during pregnancy may therefore be important for long term health consequences of the child. B04 Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practices on osteoporosis prevention among urban and rural women in Selangor Anis Farhana AH and Chan YM Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This study aims to compare the knowledge, attitude and practices on osteoporosis prevention between urban and rural Malay women in Selangor. A total of 81 young Malay women aged years old were recruited through simple random sampling. A self- DFG

127 administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, dietary and lifestyle practices towards bone health status. Assessment of dietary intake was conducted using three-day dietary record. The mean age of the subjects was 25 ± 3 years. There were 8.6% of the subjects had family history of osteoporosis, with wrist fracture as the major site of self-reported fracture. The average score for knowledge was 69.71% and for attitude was 37.4 out of 50. There were 18.5% of the subjects had high level of physical activity. Only 12.3% of the subjects met the recommended dietary calcium intake. A significant mean difference was found in knowledge score between urban and rural women (t=2.323, p=0.023). However, there was no significant difference in terms of attitude (t=-0.13, p=0.911), dietary calcium intake (t=-0.13, p=0.911), and physical activity (t=-0.13, p=0.911) between urban and rural population. Health education program should be formulated to increase awareness of appropriate bone health and promoting preventive behavior related to osteoporosis for young generation, especially among rural women. B05 Development of food atlas for babies and toddlers aged 6 to 36 months old Awina FAA 1 and Zahara BAM 2 1Program Nutrition, School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2Program Dietetic, School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Dietary intake recording and measurement with young children can be very challenging especially with babies and toddlers. Most of the time, health professionals relies on parents to track and record their young child s dietary intake. Food atlas will contribute greatly as a reference tool for parents in estimating the right portion size of food taken by their children and serve as a great resource for nutritionists, dietitians, and other clinicians in recording dietary intake and doing research in the future. This study involved two phases; Phase 1: Data collection. In this phase, a 3 days diet record was collected from nurseries around Kuala Lumpur. Diet intake of 40 babies and toddlers aged 6-36 months old. Mean age for the subjects is 24.7±10.4. Subjects are of different races; 20 Malay (50%), 10 Chinese (25%) and 10 Indian (25%). Data from this phase were collected in order to enlist common foods eaten and portion size taken by young children to be included in the atlas. Phase 2: Development of food atlas phase whereby the process of taking and editing pictures took place. This phase also involved designing the atlas ranging from choosing suitable fonts to choosing the right combination of colors. Nutrient content tables were inserted during this phase. There are 8 food categories included for this atlas which consisted of milk and milk products, cereal products, proteins, fats, vegetables, fruits, snacks and beverages. In each category, 5 most common food types were listed based on data collected in the phase 1. Validation and evaluation phase will be carried out to improve this atlas and most importantly, for it to be accepted and used by every health professionals and parents in Malaysia. B06 A study on dietary pattern and nutritional status among pregnant women enrolled in private medical centre in Bangi and Kajang Azizah MH, Nurul Husna M, Siti Asmah M, Syiikhah AR and Rahim MN Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur DFH

128 This cross-sectional study involved 89 pregnant women who are attending antenatal clinic in private medical centers in Bangi and Kajang, Selangor. The data collection processes included personal interviews on food frequency questionnaires and 24hr Dietary Intake Record. For 24hr Dietary Intake Record, the days of recording food intake were inclusive of two working days and one weekend. Out of total sample, majority were Malays (93.1%), 4.3% were Indians and 2.6% were Kadazan. Most of the respondents were in 3 rd trimester (56.4%), 30.8 % in 2 nd trimester and 12.8% in 1 st trimester. The educational levels of respondents (81.3%) were bachelor degree. Most of the respondents were working in government sector (83.1%), with a majority of them (47.0%) earning between RM4000 and RM4999 per month. The dietary pattern of the respondents showed that their main sources of carbohydrate were rice and white bread. Their main sources of protein were egg (50.0%), poultry (16.7%) and prawn (23.35%) while their sources of vitamins and minerals were fruits and vegetables. A high percentage of respondents were deficient in nutrients like folate, calcium, iron, thiamin and niacin that were found to be lower than the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). On the other hand, the mean intakes of protein, vitamin A, riboflavin and vitamin C were found to be more than RNI. The mean energy intake was ± which is lower than Malaysian RNI (2695 kcal for pregnant women). Majority of the respondents took more than one type of supplements to support their nutrient demands. In conclusion, this study found that most of the pregnant women had lower essential nutrient intake compared to Malaysian RNI. Therefore, there is a need to address these problems at national and regional level with the aim of early identification and prevention to increase the awareness of the community on good nutrition during pregnancy. By selecting correct food, pregnant woman will gain enough nutrition that they need during their pregnancy period, Energy and nutrient needs are high during pregnancy. A balanced diet from each of the main food groups can usually meet these needs, with the possible exception of iron and folate. B07 The application of linear programming in developing healthy, palatable and affordable diet for low income teenagers C Nur Azira Liyana CR 1, Roslee R 1, Nurul Hamizah AH 1 and Siti Masitah E 2 Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia The objective of this study was to build a healthy diet menu with minimum cost and yet palatable that meets the recommendation from Malaysia Dietary Guideline (MDG) 2010 for teenagers from low socioeconomic families. A total of 111 subjects (52 boys, 59 girls) aged 14 years old from Taman Chendana, Pasir Gudang, Johor participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumference), questionnaire and 3-days food record were collected. A linear programming model was used to select the cheapest food items, based on the food habits and food availability in the studied area, that met current nutritional recommendations. Additional constraints on daily intakes of foods and food groups were introduced to ensure the diets were suitable with local food patterns. Mean weight, height, percentage of body fat, BMI and waist circumference of the participating teenages was kg, cm, %, kg/bmi 2 and cm. Based on the BMI-for-age, 72% of teenagers were normal but according to 3days diet record (3DR), their energy intake were low. An average energy intake in 3DR for girls and boys were about kcal/days and kcal/day, respectively. Mean carbohydrate (CHO), protein DFI

129 and fat intake were g/day, g/day and g/day, respectively as assessed by 3DR. For micronutrients, majority of the adolescents achieve the requirements for vitamin A but the results showed that 98% of the subjects did not achieve the requirements for vitamin D and 95% of the subjects did not achieve the requirements for calcium. Linear programming was used and an average teenager requires RM7.51/day to meet the calorie requirement for 2500kcal/day as well as macro and micronutrients requirements. This would be met with a diet made up of poultry, ikan tamban, egg, tauhu, spinach, banana, guava, rice, flour, full-cream milk and swamp cabbage. In conclusion, linear programming can be used to plan a diet which not only adheres to the recommendation from MDG 2010 but also affordable as the lowest prices can be determined and palatable as it is based to the local food pattern and habits. B08 Factors influencing appetite among elderly Malays in FELDA, Malaysia Chan PP 1, Suzana S 1 and Normah CD 2 1School of Health Care Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Health Psychology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Poor appetite is interrelated with food intake, nutritional status and psychosocial factors. Hence, this study aimed to determine the association between body composition, food intake, level of depression, cognitive status and appetite among elderly people in FELDA, Sungai Tengi, Malaysia. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) by Tanita TBF-300, Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) were used to measure body composition, food intake, level of depression, cognitive status and appetite. A total of 159 subjects with mean age 65.0 ± 3.9, 35.8% men (66.9 ± 3.6, n=57) and 64.2% women (64.0 ± 3.6) participated in this study respectively. Most of the subjects were overweight (61%, n=97), followed by normal weight (37.1%, n=59) and underweight (1.9%, n=3). Energy, calcium, thiamin, niacin and vitamin C intake of the elderly did not fulfill the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of Malaysia. A total of 54.5% (n=87) under-reported and (1.3%, n=2) over-reported their energy intake and under-reporting and over-reporting were significantly (p<0.01) higher in individual with abnormal BMI (64.6%, n=62). Women (34.3%, n=35) were at risk of cognitive decline significantly (p<0.01) higher compare to men (14%, n=8). A total of 61.6% (n=98) had poor appetite, 27% (n=43) had poor cognitive and 25.8% (n=41) were depressed. Multiple regression analysis showed that energy intake and depression were significant prevalence of poor appetite (R 2 =0.122, p<0.05). In conclusion, poor appetite in elderly is affected by low energy intake and depression. B09 Do individuals with fixed orthodontic treatment change their dietary intake? Chuah XY 1, Zahara BAM 2, Asma AAA 3 and Nurul AY 4 1 Nutrition Program, 2 Dietetic Program School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 3 Department of Orthodontic, 4 Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Studies regarding the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on the patient s dietary intake pattern were scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary DFJ

130 intake and changes in nutritional status among individuals with fixed orthodontic appliance treatment. A total of 27 orthodontic patients (14.8% males and 85.2% females) with the mean age of 24.8± 5.9 years who had their last appointment and going to complete their orthodontic treatment were recruited in this study using convenient sampling method. A questionnaire comprised of the subjects socio-demographic background, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and perceptions on the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment towards food intake was distributed. A 3-days food diary which consists of two weekdays and one day on the weekend was also completed by the subjects during orthodontic treatment and after completion of treatment. Anthropometry measurements were assessed which included body weight, height and percentage of body fat. Most of the subjects in this study have a normal BMI (66.7%, n=18) while 18.5% subjects are categorized as underweight and 14.8% subjects as overweight. For the percentage of body fat, subjects are categorized into normal, normal high and high categories with 55.6% (n=15), 25.9% (n=7) and 18.5% (n=5) respectively. Results showed that there were no significant difference (p>0.05) in energy and nutrient intakes among individuals during orthodontic treatment and after completion of treatment except in the intake of vitamin C (p=0.039). Subjects in this study also did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) in the percentage of achieved RNI recommendation for energy and nutrient intakes except in the percentage of achieved vitamin C recommendation (p=0.039). There were also no significant difference (p>0.05) in the changes of serving from each food groups among subjects except in the changes of serving from vegetables food group (p=0.010). However, subjects OHRQoL shown improvement after completion of treatment if compared to their OHRQoL during treatment period (p=0.004). The majority of the subjects (55.6%, n=15) perceived that orthodontic treatment had affected their diet. Most of them faced problems in the intake of guava (77.8%, n=21), apple (70.4%, n=19) and corn (70.4%, n=19) as well as meat (63%, n=17). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the change of dietary intake pattern during fixed orthodontic treatment and after completion of treatment. Further research that follow the course of treatment even before initiating a treatment is needed to further examine the changes in dietary intake pattern of an individual undergoing the fixed orthodontic treatment. B10 Biopsychosocial factors of disordered eating among early adolescents in Selangor Foong SM and Chin YS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia The study aimed to determine the associations between biological (gender, ethnicity, body mass index [BMI], and pubertal development), psychological (body image perception, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms), and socio-environmental (socioeconomic status and sociocultural influences) factors with disordered eating among early adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 students aged 10 and 11 years (mean age = ± 0.58 years) from five randomly selected primary schools in Selangor. Data on biopsychosocial factors and disordered eating were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Body weight and height of subjects were measured and their body weight status was determined according to BMI-for-age (zscores). Most of the subjects (63.9%) were normal weight; while 28.2% were overweight and obese and 7.8% were categorized as thin and severely thin. About two-fifth of the subjects (40.1%) were at-risk of disordered eating. The associations between disordered eating with gender, BMI-for-age (z-scores), pubertal development, body weight perception, depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic status were not significance. However, disordered eating was found to be positively correlated with body size DFK

131 discrepancy (r=0.129, p<0.05), parental influence (r=0.337, p<0.05), peer influence (r=0.355, p<0.05), and media influence (r=0.228, p<0.05). Negative correlations were reported between disordered eating with body parts satisfaction (r=-0.173, p<0.05) and self-esteem (r=-0.143, p<0.05). The mean ChEAT scores were significantly different among three ethnic groups (λ 2 K-W=39.385, p<0.05), whereby Chinese subjects had the lowest mean ChEAT score (12.77 ± 9.43), followed by Indians (21.75 ± 12.17) and Malays (21.26 ± 15.48). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that ethnicity, body parts satisfaction, and parental influence explained 18.8% of the variances in the disordered eating model. In conclusion, future intervention programmes should promote positive body image, enhance self-esteem, involve parents and take into consideration of cultural difference in preventing disordered eating among early adolescents. B11 Validation of Healthy Eating Index (HEI) For Malaysian Adults Goh HW and Norimah AK School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was developed to measure the overall diet quality of population s dietary intake. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the HEI for Malaysian adults which was developed based on nine components including seven food groups and two nutrients. The validity of HEI was assessed by determining it s ability to capture the various key messages in MDG 2010, give maximum scores to menus developed by nutrition experts, and measure diet quality independent of diet quantity (energy intake). The internal consistency which was one type of reliability test was also assessed. The findings showed that all key messages related to diet quality were reflected in HEI components except several key messages like body weight, physical activity, sugar intake, water intake, breast feeding, food safety and food labelling. Coefficient alpha that measured internal consistency was moderate (0.313) as each component of HEI measured different and independent aspects of diet. HEI was then evaluated on 237 healthy subjects (111 Malays, 93 Chinese and 33 Indian) aged 19 to 59 years in Kuala Lumpur. Food intake of subjects were evaluated through three day food record and measurement height and weight were taken. The mean score of the HEI was 51.7%. Only 1.3% subjects consumed good quality diet while majority had poor HEI (49.4%) or HEI that needed improvement (49.4%). Mean score of HEI was significantly different between ethnic groups, (p<0.01) with the Malays demonstrating significantly lower HEI compared with Chinese and Indians. Correlation test revealed no significant correlation between energy intake and total score of HEI (r=0.98, p>0.05) which futher supported that HEI measured diet quality independent of diet quantity. In conclusion, this HEI is a useful index for describing the overall diet quality of Malaysians adults. Further research such as use of biomarkers in HEI validation is needed. B12 School nutritional habit and IQ scores among primary school children in Baghdad City, Iraq Hasanain Faisal Ghazi 1,2, Zaleha Md. Isa 1, Syed AlJunid 1,2 & Azmi Mohd. Tamil 1 1Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre 2UNU- IIGH (United Nations University, International Institute for Global Health) DFL

132 Nutrition during the early stages of child development is crucial especially for cognitive development. Nutritional habit at school is very important as a lot of junk food is being consumed every day. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional habit of children at school and it s relation to intelligence quotient. A cross sectional study was done in Baghdad city, Iraq to assess the nutritional habit of primary school children and its relation with their intelligence quotient (IQ) score using standardized tools. Raven s Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) tool was used to obtain child IQ score. The total IQ score is 36 points. Nutrition habit assessed by food frequency questionnaire with total score of 23, any score more than 11 points will considered as healthy nutritional habits. The results showed that 77.7% have high intelligence level. Child nutrition habit in this study was not good as almost two third of them have bad food habit(74.4%).about the food consumed at school, (59.7%) of the children buy carbonated, (73.9%) eat chips at school,(30.8%) eat ice cream and (59.0%) eat chocolate bars every day at school. The association between nutritional habit and child s IQ was significant ( p<0.001) and prevalence odds ratio of 3.3, that s mean children with bad food habits have 3.3 more risk to have low IQ compared to children with good food habit. As a Conclusion, Nutritional habit at school is significantly associated with child s IQ, more studies with detailed food habit at home also should be done. B13 Relationship between socio-demographic status and diet quality among adults in Kuala Lumpur Hidayah NI 1, Norimah AK 1 and Ismail MN 2 1Nutrition Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu Socio-demographic status has always been a confounding variable in most health research and hence its use as the main variable in the health research is limited. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between socio-demographic status and diet quality among adults in Kuala Lumpur. Monthly household income, levels of education and occupation were the three main variables used as the determinant of socio-demographic status. A self administered questionnaire was used to determine these three variables. Subject s height and weight were measured and subsequently Body Mass Index was calculated. A 3-days diet recall by interview was used to evaluate subject s dietary intake while Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used to evaluate quality of subject s diet. 133 adults (45 men and 88 women) with a mean age of 38.15±9.28 years participated in this study. Mean Body Mass Index were ± 3.94 for men and ± 5.24 for women. Overall, 42% of the subjects were overweight and 15% were obese class I and 7.5% were in the obese class II category. Mean energy intake for men is 1815 ± 198 kcal per day and 1736 ± 242 kcal per day for women with both sexes did not meet the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for energy. Nevertheless, 66 subjects were underreported and 1 subject was over reported their food intake. As for micronutrients, only Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Niacin achieved the RNI. Mean sodium intake was ± mg with 40.2% of the subject intake exceeding the Malaysia Dietary Guidelines recommended intake of 2000mg per day. As for diet quality, mean Healthy Eating Index score was ± with 56.7% of the subjects were in the category of diet that needed improvement while 43.3% of subjects were in the category of poor diet quality. There were no significant difference between score of Healthy Eating Index with the monthly household income, subject s level of education and also occupation. In conclusion, no relationship exists between socio-demographic status and diet quality; however a larger study need to be carried out to confirmed this relationship. DGC

133 B14 Soft drink consumption, dietary practices, and body weight status among children aged 9 to 11 years Hiew WC and Chin YS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the soft drink consumption among primary school children in Selangor and its association with dietary practices and body weight status. This study comprised 179 primary school children aged 9 to 11 years from three major ethnic groups, which were Malays (49.7%), Chinese (30.7%), and Indians (19.6%). Body weight and height were measured and BMI-for-age by sex of the children was assessed. Two-day dietary recall and self-administered soft drink intake questionnaire were used to determine the dietary practices and soft drink consumption among children. An average of ml soft drink a day was consumed among the children. Based on the dietary practices of the respondents, nutrients achieved 100% Recommended Nutrient Intake Malaysia were protein (103.3%), fat (110.0%), riboflavin (120.3%), Vitamin A (121.7%) and Vitamin C (137.4%). Other nutrients which did not achieve 100% of Recommended Nutrient Intake Malaysia include carbohydrate (93.6%), thiamine (86.1%), niacin (87.0%), and calcium (67.4%). Based on WHO (2007), most of the children were in the normal weight category (64.2%), followed by 27.9% were overweight and obese, and the remaining were thin and severely thin (7.9%). Among all the socio-demographic variables, age is the only factor that positively associated with soft drink consumption (r=0.179; p=0.016). No correlation was found between soft drink consumption and BMI z-score in children (r=0.025; p=0.743). However, soft drink consumption was positively associated with total energy intake (r=0.163; p=0.030), vitamin A (r=0.153; p=0.041), and total sugar intake (r=0.211; p=0.005), but was not associated with other nutrients examined in this study. In short, a relatively high consumption of soft drink among children was found in this study. Further research is needed to examine the long term health consequences of soft drink consumption in children. B15 Food expenditure and diet diversity score are predictors of household food insecurity in low income households in rural district of Kelantan Malaysia AN Ihab 1, AJ Rohana 1, WM Wan Manan 2, WN Wan Suriati 2, MS Zalilah 3 and AM Rusli 1 1Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian,16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.; 2 Program of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; 3 Program of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia Food insecurity has always been associated with low purchasing power and inadequate dietary intake in term of quality and quantity. The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between household food insecurity, food expenditure and diet diversity in low income households in rural Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey of low income households was conducted and 223 households of mothers aged years old, nonlactating non pregnant mother were purposively selected, A questionnaire was administered including the Radimer/Cornell scale, items on socio-demographic DGD

134 characteristics and food expenditures of eight food groups. Diet diversity score were analyzed from food frequency questionnaire. Approximately 83.9% of caretakers responses indicated that they and members of their households had experienced periods of food insecurity during the 12 months prior to the interview. This 83.9% was comprised of 29.6% who experienced household food insecurity, 19.3% mothers whose responses to the Radimer/Cornell scale indicated individual food insecure and 35.0% fell into the child hunger category. Food secure households have significantly higher total food expenditures (P < 0.05) as well as expenditures on fruits and vegetables (p = 0.011), animal source food (p = 0.028) and milk and dairy products (p = 0.047) than food insecure households. Furthermore, mothers from food insecure households had lower diet diversity score of grain and cereals, meat and meat products, fish and sea foods, fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy product and beverages compared to their counterparts in the food secure group. Based on multinomial logistic regression, total food expenditure (OR = 0.99; 95% C.I, 0.99, 1.00; p< 0.05) and total diet diversity score (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.75; p < 0.001) were found to be associated with household food insecurity after controlling for potential confounders. In conclusion the prevalence of household food insecurity was high and alarming. Inadequate dietary intake is usually seen in low-income households as direct or indirect consequences of household food insecurity. B16 Dietary intake and depressive symptoms among Malay elderly in Kinta district, Perak Irni MS & Siti Nur Asyura A Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Depression is projected to be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by This cross-sectional study explored the potential role of food on elderly mental health. Specifically, the aim was to determine the relationship between dietary intake and depressive symptoms among elderly age 60 years and above. Information on sociodemographic background was obtained through face-to-face interview and dietary intake was assessed through diet history questionnaire. The short-form 14-items Malay- Geriatric Depression Scale-14 (MGDS-14) was used in this study and scoring of 8 and above indicated presence of depressive symptoms. A total of 80 elder people with mean age of 69.14±6.975 years were recruited. The study found that the prevalence of depression among Malay elderly was 33.8% with 35.9% among male elderly and 31.7% among female elderly. Health status perception was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms (x 2 =6.983, p<0.05). For dietary intake, among men, a significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between intakes of energy (r=-0.350), carbohydrate (r=-0.369) and iron (r=-0.338) with depressive symptoms. A significant correlation (p<0.05) was also found between intake of energy (r=0.375), fat (r=0.496), carbohydrate (r=0.367), thiamin (r=0.318) and niacin (r=0.351), among women with depressive symptoms. In conclusion, these results have important implications for future research and practice, particularly in the content and timing of messages about healthy eating and in addressing the risk and protective factors interacting during this time. DGE

135 B17 Association of dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure of female university students in relation to their dieting practices Misra S and Kerk YL Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, International Medical University, Malaysia. The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure of female university students in relation to their dieting practices. A cross sectional study was conducted among 44 female university students aged from 18 to 25 years. A dieting questionnaire was used to investigate the type of dieting practices used by the study subjects. Three day 24 hour dietary recall was conducted to assess the dietary intake of study subjects. Height, body weight, waist and hip circumferences and waist to hip ratio were measured to calculate the BMI and assess body composition. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and predictive equation developed by Ismail et al (1998) were used to calculate the estimated energy expenditure of subjects. From the findings, eating less (93.2%) was the most popular dieting practice used among subjects, followed by consumed or purchased low fat food (90.9%) and exercise (86.4%). When compared to RNI 2005, subjects who had undergone dieting once or twice a week and more than twice a week or every day showed a deficit in the total energy intake (-11.9%; -9.0%), carbohydrate intake (-25.1%; -29.4%), calcium intake (-32.5%, -28.7%), but showed excess protein intake (11.8%; 30.2%) and fat intake (23.8%; 31.3%) respectively. Excess iron intake was observed among those who dieted more than twice a week or every day. Of subjects who had undergone dieting once or twice a week had a deficit in their iron intake. There was no significant association between body composition and total energy expenditure with dieting frequency among subjects. The dieting behaviour among female university students suggested that appropriate nutrition information and weight management strategies are needed to educate this group of the population. B18 Habitual sodium intake and blood pressure among Malay adults in Kuala Lumpur Khairun Nisa Z and Norimah AK Nutrition Program, Science School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Sodium is an essential element needed by the body to function well. However, high sodium intake is known to increase the risk of high blood pressure. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between sodium intake with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure among Malay adults (30-59 years old) working on public sector in Kuala Lumpur. 78 women and 42 men were involved in the study. Food intake was evaluated with 3 days 24-hour diet recall by interviewed. Assessment for habitual sodium intake was carried out using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) which consisted of 74 food items. Anthropometric measurements taken were weight, height, waist circumference, percent body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also determined. Mean energy intake for men was 1836 ± 259 kcal and women were 1720 ± 215 kcal. The mean habitual sodium intake is not significantly different, for men was 3430 ± 1648 mg/d while 3276 ± 1731 mg/d for women. Mean weight of men was ±11.32 kg, height 1.68 ± 0.05 m, BMI 26.26±3.91 kg/m 2, waist circumference 87.68±10.28 cm and percent body fat DGF

136 27.17±4.96 % whereas the mean weight of women was ±14.24 kg, height 1.56 ± 0.55 m, BMI 27.23±5.24 kg/m 2, waist circumference 79.47±11.26 cm and percent body fat 37.0±5.79 %. Two in five men were overweight while one in ten was obese. Similarly, two in five women were overweight, however almost three in ten women were obese. Mean SBP for both men and women were in the pre-hypertension category (127.29±19.68 mmhg in men; ±16.25 mmhg in women). DBP for both sexes were normal, 79.60±9.62 mmhg (men) and 79.08±11.08 mmhg (women). This study showed significant correlation between SBP with BMI (r=0.259) and waist circumference (r=0.368). Significant correlation were shown between DBP and BMI (r=0.328) and waist circumference (r=0.332). Habitual sodium intake per day were significantly higher in younger than older adults, irrespective of sex (<40 year old men, ± mg/d while >40 years old men ± mg/d; <40 year old women ± mg/d while >40 years old women ± mg/d). 83.3% men and 78.2 % women were consuming sodium above the recommended 2000 mg/d. By age, majority younger men and women were eating more than recommended sodium intake (87.5% of men below 40 years and 88.9 % of women below 40 years). The top 15 food items frequently consumed by subjects which contributed to the sodium intake were fried mee, fried rice, Nasi Lemak, bee hoon soup, soy sauce, chili sauce, oyster sauce, instant noodle, burger (chicken,beef), mee Bandung, French fries nugget, shrimp paste, flavor cube and chicken rice. These foods contributed 60% of sodium from the min sodium intake per day. This study demonstrated that BMI and WC were significantly associated with SBP and DBP, however not with sodium intake and percent body fat. B19 Body image perception, physical activity level, body weight status and eating behaviours among female adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor Khoo YC and Mohd Nasir MT Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor This cross-sectional study determined the association between body image perception, physical activity level and body weight status with eating behaviours of 384 Form Four female students from five secondary schools in Petaling District, Selangor. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) (WHO, 2007) was determined. Eating behaviours, body image perception and physical activity were assessed using Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Multidimensional Body Image Scale (MBIS) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), respectively. There were 65.1% Malay respondents, 28.6% Chinese, 6.0% Indians and 0.1% others. The mean monthly household income was RM ± and majority of the respondents mother (56.8%) attained secondary education. The prevalence of severe thinness (0.8%) and thinness (4.4%); whereas prevalence of overweight (13.0%) and obesity (9.1%). The mean waist circumference was 68.69±9.75cm and 11.2% of respondents were abdominally obese (cut-off point= 80.8cm) (Poh et al., 2011). Further, 32.6% were at risk of eating disorders and 27.1% of respondents were in the highest tertile risk of developing negative body image. There were 66.7%, 32.3% and 1.0% of the respondents categorised with low, moderate and high physical activity level. Preoccupation with thinness and dieting behaviour (r=0.440, p<0.01), appearance and body satisfaction (r=0.134, p<0.01), body importance (r=-0.376, p<0.01), muscle increasing behavior (r=-0.284, p<0.01), extreme dieting behavior (r=0.182, p<0.01), appearance importance (r=-0.315, p<0.01), perception of body size and shape (r=0.131, p<0.05), MBIS composite score (r=0.105, p<0.05), physical activity (r=0.217, p<0.01), BMI-for-age z-score (r=0.214, p<0.01) and waist circumference (r=0.149, p<0.01) were DGG

137 significantly associated with eating behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that preoccupation with thinness, MBIS composite score, extreme dieting behaviour and BMI-for-age z-score explained about 28.5% of the variance in disordered eating behaviour (F=34.788, p<0.001). Hence, future intervention programmes can focus on promoting positive body image and healthy body weight in preventing disordered eating behaviour among female adolescents. B20 Daily breakfast consumption among adolescents and its associated factors Law LS, Mohd Nasir MT and Hazizi AS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor A study was carried out among 375 (males: 32.0%, females: 68.0%) (Chinese: 39.5%, Iban: 26.4%, Malay: 17.1%, and Melanau: 17.1%) form four and five students (mean age = ± 0.53 years old) in Sibu, Sarawak to determine the difference between daily breakfast takers and breakfast skippers. Data on sociodemographic background, eating attitudes, nutrition knowledge, supplement intake, and meal consumption were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Body weight and height were measured using standard procedures and BMI-for-age z-score was determined. There were 19.7% of the students (males: 18.3%, female: 20.4%) who were found to have disordered eating, 14.4% had low nutrition knowledge (22.5% male and 10.6% female), and 15.0% males and 16.1% females were taking supplements. The prevalence of daily breakfast, lunch, and dinner takers were 59.7% (males: 67.5%, females: 56.1%), 76.3% (males: 73.3%, females: 77.6%), and 64.8% (males: 75.0%, females: 60.0%), respectively. Some 23.7% were found to have unhealthy body weight status (males: 27.5%, females: 22.0%). Significant associations were found between daily breakfast consumption and gender (χ 2 = 3.964, p = 0.034), daily lunch (χ 2 = , p = ), daily dinner (χ 2 = , p = ), eating attitude (χ 2 = 5.833, p = 0.016), and body weight status (χ 2 = 4.032, p = 0.045). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being a male was significantly more likely than a female to have daily breakfast (OR = 1.654, 95% CI = ), whereas skippers of daily lunch (OR = 0.430, 95%CI = ) and daily dinner (OR = 0.608, 95%CI = ) were less likely to have daily breakfast. Understanding breakfast consumption pattern among adolescents is important in planning healthy lifestyle intervention programs for them. B21 Obesity and fast food consumption among adolescence in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Lee PS and Wan Abdul Manan WM Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia For the past ten years, a growth environment that encourages the overconsumption of food energy and discourages physical activity has led to the current epidemic of obesity in adolescents. This cross sectional study was designed to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity for year old adolescents in Kota Bharu, Kelantan and to examine the association between overweight and obesity with fast food consumption. A survey was administered to 306 students from 5 secondary schools in the district of Kota DGH

138 Bharu, Kelantan. Their height, weight and body fat were also measured. Students in form 1, 2 and 4 who were enrolled in participating schools, had parental consent and were present on the day of data collection were selected. Data collections were done in March Results showed that out of 306 respondents, 10.1% were found to be at risk of overweight and 11.8% were overweight. 23.5% of respondents were obese according to their percentage of body fat. There were no clear associations observed between frequency of fast food restaurant use and measures of BMI (p 0.05, p=0.379) as well as body fat (p 0.05, p=0.071). However, respondents categorized as at risk of overweight and overweight were associated with consumption of larger fast food serving size (p<0.05, p=0.025), which contributes to higher calorie intake. In conclusion, fast food serving size is a better predictor for obesity than the frequency of fast food consumption. B22 Body image perception, dietary practices, physical activity and body weight status of adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor Lee PS & Mohd Nasir MT Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the associations between body image perception, dietary practices and physical activity with body weight status of 412 Form Four students in Petaling District, Selangor. A self-administered questionnaire comprising Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale (MBIS), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT- 26), questions on breakfast consumption and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used for data collection. A one-day 24-hour dietary recall was conducted to assess the dietary intake. Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured and body weight status was determined using the WHO 2007 BMI-forage reference. The respondents comprised 66.3% Malay, 28.4% Chinese and 5.3% Indian aged years. More males were overweight (26.5%) and underweight (8.2%) than females (21.3% overweight and 5.1% underweight) while more females (13.4%) were abdominally obese than males (11.7%). More females (24.1%) were at the highest tertile of developing body image disturbance than males (20.4%), and more females (36.1%) were also at risk of eating disorders than males (20.9%). The overall energy intake of students was below the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) levels. The percentage of energy intake was lower than 55% for carbohydrate, higher than 15% for protein and higher than 30% for fat. There were more males (43.4%) who consumed breakfast daily than females (33.3%). Females (56.9%) were less physically active than males (79.1%). There were significant associations between body image perception (r=0.536, p=0.000), eating attitude and behavior (r=0.152, p=0.002) and carbohydrate intake (r=0.-132, p=0.007) with BMI-for-age z-scores. Multiple linear regression analysis found that perception of body size and shape, sex, preoccupation with thinness and dieting behavior and mothers education level explained about 65.9% of the variance in body weight status (F=87.453, p<0.001). Intervention programmes focusing on body image and healthy eating should be planned and implemented for these adolescents. DGI

139 B23 Effect of nutrition education on reducing the intake of sugar sweetened beverages among primary school Malay students in Kuala Lumpur Lin EY, Norimah AK and Ismail MN Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages has been associated with increased risk of obesity, tooth decay and lower diet quality among the children. A recent study among primary school children in Malaysia found that the primary school children had high intake of sugar sweetened beverages. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of nutrition education on reducing the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur. One hundred and three Malay students in standard four (32 males and 71 females) from two national schools in Kuala Lumpur took part in this study. Height and weight were measured at baseline and the intake of sugar sweetened beverages was assessed through interviewed 24-hour diet call before and after intervention. Nutrition education was carried out in four sessions and the activities were talks, quiz and practical session. Students were encouraged to reduce consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and to replace the beverages with water. At baseline, mean sugar sweetened beverages consumption was 2.2 ± 1.2cups for boys and 2.4 ± 1.1 cups for girls. Mean sugar intake from beverages was 51.3 ± 29.9 g for boys and 52.3 ± 22.7 g for girls. Majority of the students took 2 cups of sugar sweetened beverages per day (boys 34.4%, girls 49.3%) and around 40% of the students took at least 3 cups of sugar sweetened beverages per day (boys 40.7%, girls 38%). Most consumed beverages were malted chocolate drink, sweetened tea and fruit drinks. There were 43.8% boys and 15.5% girls reported not taking plain water. Four weeks after intervention, the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages for girls had decreased to 2.05 ± 1.24 cup (p<0.05) and mean sugar intake had decreased to 45.9 ± 29.4 g (p<0.05). Consumption of malted chocolate drink had decreased significantly (p<0.01). For boys, the mean intake of sugar sweetened beverages and sugar intake from beverages had not decreased. Plain water consumption had increased for both boys and girls. Percentage of students who did not take plain water had reduced (boys 18.7 %; girls 7.1%). In conclusion, the nutrition education plays a role in reducing the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and increasing the intake of plain water among the primary school students and its effect is better for girls. Different intervention might be needed for the male students. B24 Exploring the relationship between added sugars intake and weight status among children in Kuala Lumpur Low SX, Nik Shanita S and Norimah AK School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Added sugar may play a role in the current obesity epidemic. Consumption of added sugars was linked to a rise in non-communicable diseases. The objective of this cross sectional study was to determine the relationship between added sugars intake and weight status among children in Kuala Lumpur. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height, while body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A total of 74 boys and 101 girls aged 9 to 11 years old from 4 schools involved in this study. Estimation of added sugars intake was based on the 2 days 24-hour dietary recalls. Majority (65.7%) of the children were categorized in normal weight while the incidences of overweight, obese DGJ

140 and underweight were 14.3%, 18.9% and 1.1% respectively. There was a significant difference between mean energy intake of boys (1971±373 kcal/day) and girls (1825±311kcal/day) (p<0.05). Mean intake of added sugars was 61.7±30.5g, approximately to 12 teaspoons which accounted for 13% of total energy intake. Boys (67.6±31.6g) and girls (58.1±29.4g) consumed similar amount of added sugars (p>0.05). Overweight and obese subjects consumed significantly higher mean added sugars intake (72±34.5g) compared to normal weight subjects (57.3±27.6g) (p<0.05). A Pearson correlation indicated a weak but positive correlation between added sugars and BMI (r=0.257, p<0.01). This study concluded that added sugars consumption increased along with BMI. Therefore, public health activities should emphasize more on advising the community regarding limitation of added sugars consumption especially in children. B25 Child feeding practices in malnourished children - Does it different with well-nourished children? Maizatul Azlina CD and Zahara AM Dietetic Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Commencement of nutrient dense complementary food at six months of age and providing adequate amount of energy and nutrients in accordance to children's ages, gives a broad array of positive impact on children growth curves and development. This study aimed to compare child feeding practices of malnourished with well-nourished children. A simple random sampling, community based case-control study was carried out which involved 57 malnourished children (case); 62 well-nourished children (control) in Kuala Langat, Selangor. Subjects in case group were matched with subjects in the control group by age, gender and residential area. Anthropometry measurements, child feeding practices including breast feeding and complementary feeding practices were obtained. One third (33.3%) of children in the case group and 21.0% in the control group were breastfed exclusively up to 6 months (p = 0.13). There was no significant difference in duration of exclusive breastfeeding between groups (p = 0.45). Over a half of children in both groups had initiated complementary feeding at 6 months. However, 75.4% mothers in the case group introduced commercial cereal products or other foods as the first complementary food to their child instead of home cooked mixed rice porridge as compared to the control group (62.9%) (p = 0.14). Years of mother's education was positively correlated with age of children initiated with complementary feeding in the case group (r = 0.29, p = 0.028) but not in the control group (r = 0.073, p = 0.574). Families with more than 2 children are 2.2 folds more likely to have malnourished children (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = ). Household income was negatively correlated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the case group, (rs = , p = 0.029) and in the control group, (rs = , p = 0.042). The longer the duration of formula feeding, the later the children were initiated with complementary feeding in the control group (r = 0.324, p = 0.01) but not in the case group (r = , p = 0.411). There was no difference in child feeding practices between malnourished and well-nourished children. The number of children was the only risk factor for malnutrition in this community. However, nutritional education should emphasis on exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months and the importance of introducing home cooked mixed rice porridge as complementary food when their babies ages reach 6 months. DGK

141 B26 Association between body mass index, dietary calcium intake and level of physical activity with bone health status among elderly Ng CS and Zaitun Y Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the association between body mass index, dietary calcium intake and level of physical activity with bone health status among elderly in Sri Petaling, Malaysia. Socio-demographic information, family history of osteoporosis, body mass index (BMI), dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and level of physical activity were obtained through a face-to-face administered interview questionnaire. Dietary calcium was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ). Physical activity was measured by the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). Weight, height and bone health status were measured using TANITA digital weighing scale, SECA body meter and ultrasonometer (QUS-2 TM ). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 18. A total of 138 subjects with an age range of years old were recruited. Only 6.5% of the subjects had family history of osteoporosis. The mean weight and height of the subjects were 63.17±14.03kg and 1.60±0.12m, respectively. The mean BMI was 24.32±3.42 kg/m 2. A total of 35.5% of the subjects were classified as overweight or obese and 5.1% of them were underweight. The mean dietary calcium intake of the subjects was ± mg/day. About 85% of the subjects had daily calcium intake of less than the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) for Malaysian. The proportion of subjects who were physically active was higher than those who were inactive. The average value for BUA was ± db/mhz and within the range of to db/mhz. A total of 27.6% of the subjects had low bone mass at the calcaneal (T-score<-1.0). BUA was significantly correlated with physical activity (r=0.168, p=0.049) and BMI (r=0.335, p=0.0001). The findings also revealed no significant correlation between dietary calcium with bone health status. Free living elderly should be given further intervention or follow up in improving dietary calcium intake and achieving optimal body weight in order to have better bone health status. B27 Assessing food intake pattern among adults in Bertam, Kepala Batas Norjana I, Yusfizahani MY, Nazirah GM, Nurdiana ZA, Nur Syafawati S, Norhiman A, Hazwani AY, Lesley N, Kavitha CS, Ahmad Munir CM, and Rabindarjeet S Healthy Lifestyle Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia Frequent consumption of fast and processed foods potentially could contribute to high risk of non-communicable diseases. Information on the widely used fast and processed foods consumed by a community would provide information to develop intervention programmes to establish healthy eating practices in a community. Data were collected as a part of a bigger study that investigated the impact of lifestyle interventions on health status of Bertam community. The objective of this study was to identify the most widely consumed fast and processed foods among year old adults (n=75) from phase 2, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang state using a food frequency questionnaire. The qualitative food frequency questionnaire used consisted a list of food items widely DGL

142 consumed by the local community that captured frequency of consumption of fast and processed foods over a week s time as never, less than once a week, 1-3 times a week, and four or more times a week. In addition, respondents were asked how often they visited fast food restaurants, the beverages commonly consumed, how often they cooked at home and widely used food preparation methods. Data were reduced to frequent consumers (i.e.1-3 times a week, and four or more times a week) and less frequent consumers (i.e. never and less than once a week) for analysis. Information on the sociodemographic background of respondents was also collected. The result showed that the most frequent processed food consumed was kuih-muih (59%), followed by bread and biscuits with sweets filling (57%), sauces (49%) and candies (29%). The respondents had a good habit of drinking plain water (99%) frequently. Other beverages widely consumed included tea (72%) and preserved fruit juices (57%). Almost 81% of the respondents cooked at home and widely used food preparation methods were stir-frying (87%) and frying (85%) than boiling/stewing (61%). Forty seven respondents (63%) visited fast food restaurants >1 time/month. In conclusion, greater than half of our study population frequently consumed fast and processed foods that might contribute to their additional energy, fat and sodium intake in this rural setting. Education of healthy eating practices and foods might help to curtail the growing problems of noncommunicable diseases in this community. B28 Breakfast habits, attention-concentration and academic achievement among primary school year 5 in Sepang, Selangor Nur Ain R & Rokiah MY Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang. This study aimed to compare between breakfast habits with attention-concentration and academic achievement. A total of 156 children aged 11 years were selected from SK Sg Merab Luar and SK Dato Abu Bakar Baginda. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data, breakfast habits and parental involvement status. Type of foods taken was assessed using food frequency questionnaire while, attention-concentration and academic achievement were procured using Letter Cancellation test and school previous year test score respectively. From the result, breakfast habits was classified into 3 groups; nearly half (46.2%) were classified as regular (Group I), 44.9% as irregular (Group II) and 9.0% of no breakfast (Group III). Majority of the respondents (88.0%) consumed their breakfast at home with mostly prepared by parents (84.5%). Mean score for attention-concentration were , and for Group I, Group II and Group III respectively and the different was significant (p<0.05). In terms of academic achievement, Group I children scored better in English, Mathematics, Bahasa Melayu as well as total percentage compared to Group II and Group III children. However, the different was not significant (p>0.05). There were significant differences in the attention-concentration (t=-2.06, p<0.05) and academic achievement (t = -3.43, p<0.05) between male and female. Notwithstanding the breakfast composition, regular breakfast habits did give beneficial effect on cognitive performance either in short term through attention-concentration or long term benefits towards academic achievement. Therefore, steps should be taken in promoting good breakfast habits especially among the school age children. DHC

143 B29 Survey of use, attitude and knowledge of herbal products among staff in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nur-Nadzirah A and Norfarizan-Hanoon NA Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The use of herbal products had been increased in Malaysia over the years. Many herbal products company were built over the past years. However, only a little had known about the products and their safety. The objective of this study is to determine the use, attitude and knowledge of herbal products among staffs at Universiti Sains Malaysia. The questionnaire distributed to staffs using 2 methods which are via online and manual. The questionnaire consists of 7 parts with the total of 41 questions including health status, socio-demographics data, knowledge, attitude and usage of herbal products. A total of 280 staffs participated in this study with only 53 (18%) of them used the herbal products. Green tea, Labisia pumila, Eurycoma longifolia (long jack) were the most frequently used by the respondents. Among the respondents, 48 (17.1%) were taking medications. There have been misperceptions regarding herbal products. 83 (29.6%) believed that it is not dangerous to take herbs with some prescription medicine and 103 (36.8%) wrongly beliefs that the herbal product content are the same among different brand names. However, 273 (97.5%) were interested to receive more information regarding herbal products. So, there are high possibilities that the Ministry of Health or any health department can provide education to community regarding the herbal products. B30 Construction of healthy and palatable diet for low socioeconomic adult women using Linear Programming Nurul Hamizah AH 1, Roslee R 1,Che Nur Azira Liyana CR 1, and Siti Masitah E 2 1School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Faculty Sciences and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. Socio-economic differences resulted in difference food choices especially among low socioeconomic individuals. Many studies showed low socioeconomic individuals tend to choose energy-dense foods due to their low price as compared to high nutrient-dense foods. Thus cost or food price is one of the key factors in healthy eating achievement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a healthy diet, based on Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010, at minimum cost that is also palatable for low socioeconomic adult women using a mathematical method known as Linear Programming. A cross sectional study was first conducted at several low cost flats in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bharu involving 96 female respondents aged between 30 to 59 years old. Their sociodemographic, nutritional status, food pattern and food prices were assessed. Respondents were asked to fill up a set of questionnaire which consist of sociodemographic, socio-economic, and series of questions regarding their life and knowledge. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference, body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI) were also recorded. 3 days diet records (2 days weekdays and 1 weekend) have been filled up by respondents to determine their food intake and pattern and then the datas were compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). The mean family income were RM ± where only about RM ± were used to buy food. Anthropometric measurements of mothers showed that 28.1% were underweight, 37.5% were normal, and 34.5% were either overweight or obese. 39 respondents who reported normal food records only fulfilled DHD

144 vitamin A recommendation and majority of their energy intake came from fat and protein. The outcome from the mathematical model using Linear Programming showed that adult women in Pasir Gudang, Johor needs to spend about RM 5.80 per day to meet their nutritional requirements for 1500 kcal at the lowest cost. B31 The factors associated with the poor appetite among elderly at Rumah Seri Kenangan Nurul Huda A and Zuriati I Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Loss of appetite is one of the problems that commonly suffered among elderly. A crosssectional study was conducted to determine the factors that associated with the poor of appetite among 95 elderly (51 men and 44 women, mean age 69.1 ± 7.0 years old) at Rumah Seri Kenangan in Melaka, Cheras and Seremban. Respondents were interviewed to obtain information on socio-demographic, health status and three-days 24-hour dietary recall while appetite score and depression level was assessed using the Council of Nutrition Appetite Questionnaires (CNAQ) and Geriatric Depression scale (GDS). Body weight, height, arm span and triceps measurement were recorded. Results showed that the highest percentage of health problem among respondents was hypertension (34.7%). About 16.8% of respondents were classified as chronic energy deficiency (CED) type I to III, 45.3% as normal, 25.3% overweight and 12.6% were obese. About 10.5% had muscle wasting based on mid upper arm circumference s (MUAC) cut off points. Almost half of the respondents had depression. The mean of energy and nutrients intake were less than the Recommendation Nutrient Intake of Malaysia (RNI), except for vitamin A and vitamin C. 48% of the respondents had poor appetite. The poor appetite was significantly higher in women elderly (63.6%) compared to men (35.3%). The CNAQ scores were found significantly associated with women, older age group ( 75 year old) and hypertension. The CNAQ scores were significantly correlated with MUAC, depression level, energy, carbohydrate and niacin intake. In conclusion, the study showed that poor appetite was prevalent especially in women and this was related with advanced age, MUAC, hypertension, depression and inadequate nutrient intake as per recommended. Thus, more attention and intervention strategies are required to prevent the poor appetite problem progressed to malnutrition and other health problems. B32 Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010: Understanding of key words and five key messages among Indian adults in Kuala Lumpur. Nurul Idayu M and Norimah AK Nutrition Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010 with 14 key messages was an updated version and a useful tool to promote healthy eating and active lifestyle. The objective of this study was to determine the understanding of key words and messages of MDG among 103 Indian adults comprising of 63 women and 40 men aged years old in Kuala Lumpur. There were 58 young adults (20-39 years old) and 45 older adults (40-59 years old) involved in this study. The anthropometric measurement including body weight, height, waist circumference and body fat percentage were measured. A self- DHE

145 administrated questionnaire was used to evaluate demographic data and the understanding of the five messages of MDG which were (i) eat variety of foods within recommendation, (ii) maintain healthy weight range, (iii) be physically active every day, (iv) eat fruits and vegetables everyday and (v) limit the intake of high fat food and reduce fats and oils in food preparation. The score of MDG were categorized as poor (<50), moderate (50-75) and good level (>75). Majority of the subjects had tertiary education level (46.6%), were married (59.2%) and working adults (89.3%) with moderate household income (42.7%). The mean BMI for men (27.87±4.57 kg/m²) and women (25.84±5.59 kg/m²) were categorized as overweight while mean waist circumference for men indicated central obesity. Women had significantly higher mean fat percentage (34.86±8.01 %) than men. The results showed that majority (59.2 %) of subjects were not aware of the existence of the MDG. However most of them (76.7%) were more familiar with the food pyramid; where women (50.7%) and young adults (46.5%) were more aware of the MDG and the food pyramid. The mean score of understanding of the key words and key messages was 48.88±15.86 which was in poor level and much lower compared to previous studies for Malays, 61.1±16.0 (Mah & Norimah 2010), Chinese, 72.21± (Yow & Norimah 2011) and Indians, 60.0±18.9 (Norimah et al 2010). Women (49.29±16.0) had higher score than men (48.25±15.8), but not significant (p>0.05). However, younger adults (52.86±13.9) had significantly better understanding (p<0.05) than older adults (43.76±16.9). Of the five key messages tested, subjects did not understand such key words as serving size (78%), sedentary habits (69%), unsaturated fats (61%), blended vegetables oils (68%) and vigorous physical activity (60%). As for the key recommendation statements that had many subjects confused included accumulate 30 minutes per day of moderate intensity physical activity, preferably daily (74%) and limit the intake of saturated fats to less than 10% of total daily calorie intake (73%). There was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between understanding of MDG with BMI, fat percentage, education level as well as monthly income. More effective education and promotion on MDG need to be continued to ensure Malaysian adults improve their understanding of MDG and hence can practice healthier eating habits lifestyle. B33 Whole grain consumption patterns among adults in Klang Valley Nurulasyikin M & Norimah AK Nutrition Science Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur The Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) recommends half of daily cereals and grains intake as whole grain. The objective of this study was to determine the whole grain consumption patterns among 124 adults aged years old in Klang Valley. The consumption pattern was evaluated using a dietary history questionnaire which consisted of 18 food items and a whole grain food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 11 items of whole grain foods. Anthropometric measurements such as body weight, height, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were measured. Majority of the subjects (78.2%) were Malays and 21.8% were Indians. About half (55.6%) were low household income earners. The commonly consumed whole grain foods among Malays and Indians were whole wheat crackers (24.7%), barley (18%), oats (17.7%), and whole grain cereals (14%). High-whole grain foods such as muesli, brown rice, and granola bars were commonly consumed by the Indians. Majority of the subjects ate whole grain foods only 1-3 times per month, while another third consumed less than 3 times a week. Only one in ten subjects consumed whole grain foods every day. The mean whole grain intake (g/day) was significantly higher among women than men (14.5 ± 13.0; vs 10.2 ± 12.33, p = 0.03). Indians were also eating significantly higher than Malays (21.0 ± 13.6; vs 10.9 ± 11.9, p<0.001). No significant differences were shown DHF

146 between whole grain intake with income and age. For anthropometric measurement, 41.5% of men and 27.7% of women were overweight whereas 12.2% of men and 18.1% of women were centrally obese. 65% of men and 51% of women had high body fat percentage. There were no correlation between the mean intake of whole grain with the BMI (r= 0.162, p= 0.207), waist circumference (r =0.121, p= 0.368), and body fat percentage (r= , p= 0.967) among men. However there were correlations between the mean intake of whole grain with BMI (r= 0.167, p= 0.048) and waist circumference (r= 0.180) among women. In conclusion, whole grain intake among adults in Klang Valley was poor and did not meet the recommendation of the MDG. Intensive nutrition education and promotion interventions are needed to increase whole grain intake among Malaysians. B34 Dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure of male university students in relation with their dieting practices Misra S and Ong SW Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, International Medical University, Malaysia. Dieting is a common phenomenon among university students. Many studies on dieting focused only on females or involved males only for gender comparison. Hence, data on dieting practices among males are insufficient. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to determine the dieting practices among male university students and their current dietary intake, body composition and estimated energy expenditure (EEE). A total of 45 male undergraduate students with a dieting history participated in this study. Dieting practices used by the students in the past was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire consisting of 13 items regarding weight control behaviours. Three days twenty-four-hour dietary recall was used to assess their dietary intake. Height, weight and percentage of body fat were measured to assess their body composition. Physical activity level (PAL) was determined using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the results obtained were used in the calculation of EEE using the predictive equation. One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that increasing exercise was most frequently used to control weight among participants (89%) followed by avoiding snacks between meals (82.2%) and cutting down the amount of food (77.8%). Unhealthy and extreme dieting practices, such as consuming weight reducing pills and smoking, were uncommon. There is no significant relationship between dieting frequency and BMI (p>0.05). Majority (42.2%) of the subjects had a moderate PAL, yet low PAL was commonly observed among obese students (40%). EEE per kilogram of body weight was found to be lower among higher BMI group whereas, obese students had a significantly lower EEE (29.3kcal/kg) (p<0.05) when compared to both normal weight (36.0kcal/kg) and overweight subjects (35.6kcal/kg). Less than 65% of subjects met the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) in the selected nutrients studied. Though, unhealthy dieting practices among this group was of less concern, yet there seems to be a need to increase awareness on healthy eating and physical activity for weight management among young adults. DHG

147 B35 Knowledge and attitude on breastfeeding among pregnant women in rural area of Sarawak Razali M 1, Nylen K 2 and Chan YS 2 1Nutrition Unit, Divisional Health Office, Betong Division, Sarawak; 2 Family Health Development Unit, Divisional Health Office, Betong Division, Sarawak It is well established that breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for newborns by providing the psychological and health benefit to both mother and infants. This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 110 pregnant women in rural area of Betong Division, Sarawak. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude on breastfeeding among pregnant women attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinics in Betong Division. In addition, the study was also carried out to identify the main source of information on breastfeeding among respondents. The mean age of respondents was 28.1 years (range between 15 to 45 years). The mean gestational age of the current pregnancy was 27.6 weeks. The results showed that 98.2% of respondents knew that breast milk was the best nutrition for the first six month of newborn s life. Respondents also agreed that breast milk had a protective effect towards diseases (97.3%), improve bonding between mother and infant (97.3%), reduce the risks of diarrhoea (87.3%) and the ultimate benefits of colostrum for their infants (72.7%). Nevertheless, majority of respondents had two misconceptions on breastfeeding. Most of them agreed to stop breastfeeding when the mother and/or infants were sick. They also believed that clear fluids should be given to the exclusively breastfed infants. In aspect of attitude, most respondents showed a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. 98.2% says that breastfeeding is easier than bottle feeding. All mothers would commence breastfeeding as soon possible after baby was delivered. In addition, respondents agreed that breastfeeding had no negative effect on their marital relationship (77.3%), were willing to breastfeed their infants anywhere (93.6%), agreeable to the banning of the use of bottles and teats in hospitals (82.7%) and would not stop breastfeeding if their husband discouraged them (80.9%). Most mothers (96.4%) also mentioned that their family and communities supported them to practice breastfeeding. Nurses in the clinics were chosen as the main source of breastfeeding information by 70.0% of respondents. Other sources of information were mass media (10.0%), breastfeeding support group (7.3%), an experienced mother (6.4%), printed media (4.5%) and doctors (1.8%). Most of the respondents (57.3%) did not know that World Breastfeeding Week is celebrated in the first week of August every year. B36 Validation of food frequency questionnaire of selected local soy products and isoflavones intake with three days food record Sh. Nur Aisyah SMS and Hasnah H Nutrition Programme, School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is important in determining the accuracy of the dietary intake of a certain population. The objective of this study was to validate the FFQ of local soy products and isoflavones with 3 day diet record (3DR) using Malay subjects at National University of Malaysia (UKM), campus of Kuala Lumpur. This cross sectional study involved 100 Malay workers of UKM, Kuala Lumpur campus between the age range of 20 to 59 years. Anthropometric measurements such DHH

148 as height and weight of subjects were also measured. Subjects were interviewed directly for both FFQ and 3DR. The results showed that the average intake of soy products (15.36g) and isoflavones (54.33g) measured by the FFQ was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the intake of soy products (14.00g) and isoflavones (22.90g) measured by 3DR. There was a weak correlation between these two methods for both total intakes of soy products (r=0.10) and isoflavones (r=0.12). Analysis of plot Bland Altman was carried out for both soy products and isoflavones intakes and results showed an agreement between the FFQ and 3DR by the distribution of the data between ±2 standard deviation lines. In conclusion, this FFQ seems to be acceptable for assessing the intake of soy products and isoflavones among the Malay adults. However, modifications should be made to make the FFQ to be more accurate in estimating the intakes of soy products and isflavones. B37 Hydration status for squash: how much do the national athletes sweat? Shareena Delaila MS and Chai WJ Sports Nutrition Centre, National Sports Institute of Malaysia Squash is a high-impact sports that require maximum strength and energy boost with the limited time of fluid consumption between the sets of the games that can lead to dehydration. The objective of this study is to determine the hydration status of the national squash athletes during Asian Squash Championship in 2011 and The test was done on 26 male elite athletes aged 21 to 26 years old with mean weight, height, sum seven of skinfold and muscle mass were 72.04±8.59 kg, ±1.91 cm, 39.24±6.74 mm and 67.96±5.17 kg respectively. The hydration status was determined by using the sweat rate that was measured by weighing the athletes before and after game and the volume of fluids consumed during game was recorded. Sweat rate was calculated by dividing weight loss with duration of the game. The mean sweat rate of the athletes that competed in Asian Squash Championship 2011 was higher (0.77±0.41 ml/min/kg) than in 2012 (0.55±0.27 ml/min/kg). The mean of body weight loss in 2011 was lower (977.78± g) than in 2012 ( ± g). In 2012, the athletes drank less (837.50± ml) than 2011 ( ± ml) during the game. Athletes that were minimally dehydrated in 2011 and 2012 were 61% and 50% respectively. Only 25% of the athletes were well hydrated for both years. From the results, the average body weight loss percentage of the athletes was 1.38±0.82% and the average sweat rate was 0.70±0.38 ml/min/kg. According to ACSM (2008) recommendation, body weight loss of 2% will impair athletes performance. Squash competitions that last between to minutes for each game generate sweat loss between to ml/kg per game. It is crucial for athletes to be aware on their hydration status and practice good hydration strategies for optimum performance. B38 Factors associated with dietary calcium intake among adolescents aged years in Seri Kembangan, Selangor Sim EV & Rokiah MY Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor DE. The objectives of this study were to determine the personal, behavioral and socioenvironmental factors that influence dietary calcium intakes and also the association DHI

149 between these factors and dietary calcium intakes among adolescents in Seri Kembangan. This study recruited 148 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years old in SMK Sri Serdang with 50 of them were males and 98 were females. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic background, total calcium intake, and factors associated with calcium intakes among adolescents. Results showed that the mean total calcium intake of adolescents was ± mg per day which represented 62.4 % of the Malaysian RNI of calcium (1000 mg per day) for adolescents aged years. A majority (85.8%) of respondents consumed less than 1000 mg of calcium a day. There were only 14.2% of respondents fulfilled the Malaysian RNI for calcium. The prevalence of lactose intolerance among respondents was 3.4 %. The findings from current study demonstrated that calcium intake was positively and significantly correlated with taste preference for milk, health or nutrition attitudes and milk served at meals (p<0.05). On the other hand, calcium intake was found to be negatively and significantly correlated with lunch intake, fast food intake and home availability of soft drinks (p<0.05). There were no significant correlation between calcium intake with lactose intolerance, body mass index, time to eat breakfast, body satisfaction, self-efficacy to make healthful food choices, breakfast intake, dinner intake, soft drink intake, unhealthful weight control behaviors, family socioeconomic status, parental presence at meals and social support for healthful eating. In conclusion, this study suggested that future intervention can emphasize on factors such as taste preference for milk, health or nutrition attitudes, lunch intake, fast food intake, milk served at meals, availability of soft drinks to enhance the calcium intake of adolescents. B39 Dietary restraint, body shape perception and body mass index (BMI) among female college students Siti Dinie Syazwani A and Soo KL Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan The trend of restrained eating or dieting in order to lose weight is now gaining popularity among teenagers and adults. Females specifically are more likely to engage in lose weight activities as compared to males. Hence, this cross sectional study was done to examine dietary restraint among female college students and its relationship with body shape perception and body mass index (BMI). A total of 260 female students aged 18 to 24 years from college and university in Kota Bharu, Kelantan were randomly choose to participate in this study. Participants self administered the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-R). Body weight and height of participants were also measured to obtain their BMI. A total of 32.4% participants were classified as normal eating group and 35.9% as restrained eating group. BSQ score for restraint group was significantly higher than normal eating group. A clear relationship emerged between dietary restraint and body shape perception (r=0.659, p<0.01). Besides, BMI also did impact on eating pattern as there is a positive relationship between BMI and dietary restraint (r=0.514, p<0.01). This study shows that females with higher dissatisfaction on their body are more likely to restrict food intake. Thus, a positive attitude and perception towards body image need to be developed among young females. DHJ

150 B40 The influence of food choice motives and nutrition information on the purchase of meal among students and staffs at Universiti Putra Malaysia Siti Nadiah A and Rosita Jamaluddin Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia The main objective of this study was to determine the motives of food selection and the influence of calorie information on the purchase of healthy meal. This cross-sectional study was conducted among students and staffs of Universiti Putra Malaysia in Serdang, Selangor. A total of 120 subjects aged between 18 to 60 years old were recruited voluntarily which consisted of the patrons of L Apprenti Cafe. A survey was conducted by using the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) which consisted of 36 items designed to assess the importance of food choice motives which were health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity and ethical concern. Data on the sales of food items in the cafe were also collected before and after the display of calorie information. Results showed that subjects chose health (4.36 ± 0.58), natural content (4.18 ± 0.61) and sensory appeal (4.16 ± 0.61) as the most important factors in food selection. Moreover, there was a significance different between gender and food choice motive for mood (t = 0.312, p < 0.001), sensory appeal (t = 0.194, p < 0.001), convenience (t = 0.878, p = 0.011) and health factor (t = 0.001, p = 0.046). Significant correlations were found between age with mood (r = , p = 0.020) and sensory appeal (r = , p = 0.032). However, there was no significant difference between employment status, ethnicity and educational level. The study did not find any significant impact of calorie display with food purchase. However, there was a small increase for certain food items with lower calorie content. In conclusion, subjects chose health, natural content and sensory appeal as the most prominent factor in food selection but calorie information did not influence the purchase of healthy meal. B41 Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of caterers in providing healthy meals in cafeterias of a public university in Kuala Lumpur Suhaili Suboh and Moy Foong Ming Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya A survey of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among caterers in providing healthy meals in cafeterias of a public university in Kuala Lumpur was conducted. Universal sampling was carried out where self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all cafeterias (n=13) within the campus. The questionnaire contained 44 questions which enquired on socio-demographic characterics, knowledge, attitude and practice to produce healthy meals in cafeterias. More than 50% of our respondents were aged between 30 to 49 years old and more than half were involved in food service for less than 5 years. About 71% were Malays and the others were foreign workers from Indonesia or Myanmar. Half of them had at least secondary education. It was found that 84.7% of the respondents had good knowledge, slightly more than 50% with good attitude, but only 27% had good practice. Most respondents knew about the 2010 Malaysian Dietary Guidelines. There were significant differences in healthy food preparation at home and at workplace (p<0.05). They seemed to practice healthier food DHK

151 preparation at home than at work. According to the respondents, the main constraints to offering more healthy options were taste, cost and what customers wanted. Our findings also found that both knowledge (r=0.422, p<0.01) and attitude (r=0.558, p<0.01) were significantly correlated with practice among our respondents. In conclusion, our respondents did not have good practice in food preparation and education in this aspect is required. B42 Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal consumption among children in Kuala Lumpur Suriyani MY and Ruzita Abd Talib Nutritional Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Ready-to-eat-breakfast cereal is not only being consumed as a breakfast but also as a snack preferences for children in Kuala Lumpur. This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between ready-to-eat breakfast cereal (RTEC) consumption and nutritional status among school children in Kuala Lumpur. School children aged between 10 to 11 years old from 3 different zones which were Sentul, Pudu and Keramat were selected as study subject. Weight, height and waist circumference of subjects were measured. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the subjects to determine the pattern of RTEC consumption. Based on the data obtained from 208 respondent showed that the mean waist circumference for boys aged 10 years old was ± cm (n=43) while ± cm (n=44) for boys aged 11 years old. For girls, the mean waist circumference were ± cm (n=55) and ± cm (n=66) for both 10 and 11 years old ± 4.87 (kg/m²) and ± 4.48 (kg/m²) were seen for mean Body Mass Index (BMI) for boys aged 10 and 11 years old respectively. On the other hand, for girls the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) aged 10 years were ± 3.73 (kg/m²) and ± 5.06 (kg/m²) for aged 11 years old. The results showed, girls RTEC consumption were higer (78.51%) as compared to boys (66.60 %). A total of % of the boys and % of girls whom consumed cereal prefered to consumed it with milk. Meanwhile, there were differences in frequency of RTEC consumption among boys and girls whereby % of boys consumed RTEC for 2 to 3 times a week while more than 3 times per week were seen in girls (31.58 %) group. There were highly significant difference (p<0.05) for waist circumference between males who consumed and did not consumed RTEC. Pearson correlation test failed to show any strong association between intake of RTEC and waist circumference (r=0.115, p=0.051) and BMI (r=0.135, p=0.098) of the study subjects. In conclusion, this study showed that there are no association betweeen consumption of RTEC and antropometric status of children in Kuala Lumpur area. B43 Knowledge, attitude and practices, perception and preference of food and beverages among primary school students in Sepang, Selangor Suzaimahanim O & Rosita Jamaluddin Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang DHL

152 A pre-test and post-test study were conducted and a total 107 respondents aged 11 years old from two primary school in Sepang area participated in the study. An interview administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic factor, knowledge, attitude and practice, perception (perceived healthiness) and food preference were used to gather the data. Questionnaires were distributed to participants before (pre-test) and after (post test) the implementation of a nutrition education programme. The activities have been conducted to increase participants awareness included Nutrition education and calorie labelling talk and pamphlets were given before the program started. During the intervention, calorie labelling was attached on the menu card of the food prepared by the school canteen worker. Most of the respondents were Malay (99.1%). The percentage of knowledge score increased significantly by 47.66% (p<0.006) from 7.09±1.64 in pre-test to 7.59±1.16 in post test. The attitude percentage score also increased by 52.34%, and there was a significant change (p<0.001) which increased from 13.22±2.22 during pretest to 13.93±1.99 during post-test. Five food groups were found to be significantly correlated with food preference in the pre-test which were fruits (r=1.000, p=0.000), unhealthy beverages (r=0.423, p= 0.770), main meals (r=0.411, p=0.000), fried foods (r=0.243, p=0.012) and breads (0.273, p=0.004). Meanwhile, through the post test, six food groups were found to be significantly correlated between perception (perceived healthiness) and food preference which were breads (r=0.343, p=0.000), fruits (r=1.000, p=0.000), healthy beverages (r=0.332, p=0.000), main meals (r=0.381, p=0.000), snacks (r=0.312, p=0.001) and fried foods (r=0.369, p=0.000). The study found that nutrition education had managed to change the perception of the subjects in healthy and unhealthy foods and beverages. This may prove beneficial in instilling healthy dietary habits among children before they go into adolescence and subsequently carried on into adulthood. B44 Factors associated with vegetable preference and intake among preschool children in Melaka Syafiqah M & Rosita Jamaluddin Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang. Children s food preferences play a major role in their food choices and consumption. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the preference associated with vegetable intake among 255 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years from 5 different schools in Melaka. The mean age of the respondents was 5.11±0.73 years old. Children preferences on vegetables were tested and evaluated using different types of vegetables (tuber: carrot; leafy vegetable: spinach; non-leafy vegetable: long bean), two difference shapes of each vegetables (carrot: cubed and circles; spinach: chopped and cut; long bean: chopped small and cut 2cm length) and two different types of cooking methods (steamed and stir-fried). Results showed that the types of vegetables influenced the liking of vegetable among the preschool children with long bean (R= 0.204, p= 0.001) as the most liked while spinach (R= 0.127, p= 0.042) was liked least. The preference between shapes found that the highest scores and preference were for spinach (chopped) (30.5%) followed by long bean (chopped small) (27.7%) and carrot (cubed) (25.1%). There was no significant association between gender and preference on vegetables however female subjects (31.0%) were found to have a higher score of liking for vegetable as compared to boys (18.6%). Steaming was the preferred method of cooking compared to stir-frying based on the mean intake of vegetable by the children (20.12±9.952 gram). Preference on vegetables was positively associated with the intake of vegetable (R= 0.297, p=0.000) showing the intake of vegetable increased as the preference increased. Vegetables had DIC

153 always been unpopular among children but understanding the preferred type and preference on preparation of vegetables will help to increase their intakes. B45 Body image perception, body weight status, physical activity level and eating behavior among male adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor Syazwani R and Mohd Nasir MT Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor This cross-sectional study determined the associations between body image perception, body weight status and physical activity with eating behavior among 347 Form Four students from Petaling District, Selangor. A self-administered questionnaire comprising Multidimensional Body Image Scale (MBIS), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used to gather data. Respondents weight, height and waist circumference were measured and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) (WHO, 2007) was determined. Sixty-six percents of the respondents were Malay, 25.9% Chinese and 8.1% Indian. A majority of the respondents mothers (55.3%) and fathers (49.0%) attained secondary education. There were 66.3% of the respondents classified as normal body weight, 12.7% overweight, 12.1% obesity, 7.2% thinness and 1.7% severe thinness while 12.1% of the respondents were abdominally obese (cut-off point = 88.5cm). Around 70.0% respondents had moderate body image disturbance, 19.9% respondents were in the lowest tertile of body image disturbance and 10.1% respondents were in the highest tertile of body image disturbance. For physical activity level, 53.0% were categorized in the moderate physical activity level and 35.1% in the low physical activity level. For eating behaviors, 21.6% respondents were at risk of eating disorders. Significant correlations were found between body weight status (r=0.226, p=0.000), preoccupation with thinness and dieting behavior (r=0.239, p=0.000), body importance (r=-0.188, p=0.000), muscle increasing behavior (r=-0.332, p=0.000), extreme dieting behavior (r=0.223, p=0.000), appearance importance (r=-0.176, p=0.001), perception of size and shape (r=0.181, p=0.001) and physical activity level (r= 0.151, p=0.005) with eating behavior. Multiple regression analysis showed that muscle increasing behavior, preoccupation with thinness and dieting behavior, extreme dieting behavior and BMIfor-age z-score (BAZ) contributed significantly (F< , p=0.000) towards eating behavior with 17.9% of the variance explained. Hence, future intervention should focus on promoting positive body image and healthy body weight in preventing disordered eating behaviors among male adolescents. B46 Factors associated with food preference in relation to habitual food consumption among primary school children (aged 9 to 11 years old) in Puchong Tan HC & Rosita Jamaluddin Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor DE. Unhealthy habitual food consumption causes a mismatch with current dietary recommendations as one of the factors causing overweight and obesity among children. DID

154 This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate factors associated with food preferences of primary school children in relation to their habitual food consumption. It was conducted among 307 year 4 and 5 students from a school in Puchong. An interview administered questionnaire was used to collect the data on socio-demographic background (age, sex, household income and education level of mother), perception and preference of children and mothers towards 90 common foods consumed by Malaysian habitually. In addition, anthropometry data of children were obtained as well as their weekly habitual food consumption using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results showed that the top 10 most frequently consumed food by children were plain water, white rice, white bread, cocoa drink, fresh milk or UHT milk, probiotic drink, green leafy vegetables, fried chicken and tea. Children generally loved fruits and perceived fruits as healthy foods. Meanwhile, they did not perceived pizza, fried chicken, ice-cream and French fries as healthy foods but they still preferred these high fat foods. For hypothesis testing, it showed that there were no relationships between socio-demographic factors as well as nutritional status of children and their habitual food consumption (p>0.05). On the other hand, the children s (r = 0.560, p = 0.000) and mothers (r = 0.355, p = 0.000) food perceptions were significantly related with their preferences. Moreover, mothers and children s perceptions (r = 0.206, p = 0.000) as well as their preferences (r = 0.238, p = 0.000) were significantly correlated. In short, this study demonstrated that mothers do play a role in influencing children s food preferences and perceptions of healthiness through feeding practice. Moreover, children s food habits are easily shaped during early life therefore mothers should encourage healthy eating environment in family setting. B47 Development and validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for estimating intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Tan KL 1 and Suhaina S 2 1Nutrition Science Programme, 2 Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate intakes of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) among Malaysian adults. This study consists of two phases; the development phase and validation phase. During the development phase, 75 subjects were interviewed to obtain a 24-hour diet recall in order to construct the food list in the FFQ. In the validation phase, 80 subjects aged 18 to 59 completed both the FFQ and a 5-day diet record (DR) chosen as the reference method. However, only 48 subjects were included in the analysis after the exclusion of 32 subjects who underreported in the DR. Results from the development phase yielded a 34-item semi-quantitative FFQ that included food items such as fish, seafood, eggs and milk. These items were selected based on frequently consumed sources of LC n-3 PUFA or food items that contributed at least 0.030g of LC n-3 PUFA per medium serving. Median intakes for total LC n-3 PUFA, EPA, DPA and DHA assessed by the FFQ in the validation phase were ± 0.230, ± 0.074, ± and ± respectively. Significant median differences between the two methods observed for all nutrients (p<0.05) except for DPA (p>0.05) using Wilcoxon s signed rank test showed an overestimation of nutrients by the FFQ. Spearman s correlation revealed significant relationships between the FFQ and DR for total long-chain n-3 PUFA, EPA, DPA and DHA with r values of 0.504, 0.520, and respectively (p<0.001). Cross-classification analysis for all nutrients ranged between 39.6% 56.3% for subjects who were correctly classified into the same quartile, 89.6% % for subjects classified into the same or adjacent quartile and with no gross misclassifications. This shows that the FFQ is capable of ranking individuals DIE

155 according to their nutrient intakes. The FFQ reported a sensitivity of 50.0% and a specificity of 91.3% towards the intake of total LC n-3 PUFA. Therefore, this tool with its high specificity is able to correctly identify individuals with inadequate intakes of LC n-3 PUFA (<500 mg/day). In conclusion, this FFQ is a valid method that can be used in estimating LC n-3 PUFA and a good ranking tool for epidemiological studies. B48 Comparison of dietary intakes between type 2 diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular disease Tan MC 1, Chan YM 1,2, Ng OC 3, Hejar AR 4, Wong TW 5, Mirnalini K 1, Joseph A 3 and Rushdan AA 3 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; 2 Institute of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; 4 Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; 5Heart and Lung Centre, IHEAL Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory KL, Malaysia. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study aims to examine and compare the dietary intakes of T2DM patients with and without CVD of Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) and Hospital Serdang. Socio-demographic data was assessed using a pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Dietary intake was ascertained by interviewer using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Anthropometric measurements were performed according to standard procedures. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected from medical records and clinical examination. Examination of dietary intake focused on total energy intake (EI), macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and total fat), as well as some micronutrients that are closely related to cardiovascular health. A total of 313 patients diagnosed with T2DM participated in this study, in which approximately one third (36.1%) of them were suffering from CVD. The mean age of study subjects was 55.7±9.2 years (range 30 to 78 years); mean diabetes duration was 10.1±8.1 years; 52.1% were females; and majority were Malays (47.0%). On the whole, the mean total EI of the subjects was 1674±694 kcal per day. Patients with CVD were noted to consume higher total calories (t=3.275, p=0.001). Likewise, the mean carbohydrate, protein and total fat intake of CVD patients were significantly higher than for non-cvd patients (p<0.05), while mean intakes of fatty acids, cholesterol, fibre, minerals and all vitamins, except for magnesium intake (p=0.010), were comparable between CVD and non-cvd groups. It is suggested that in the management of DM and CVD, effective interventions should combine nutrition education with behaviour-oriented counselling to help patients acquire the skills, motivation, and support needed to meet the optimal metabolic goals and nutritional status. B49 The knowledge of Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010 and attitude among medical officers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan Tan SW and Wan Abdul Manan WM School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. DIF

156 As a measure to reduce the alarming increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases, the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2010 was established. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of MDG 2010 and attitude among medical officers (MO) who served in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and private clinics in Kota Bharu. It was a cross-sectional study involving a total of 103 MO (72 MO from HUSM and 31 MO from private clinics). A self-administrated questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge level and attitude of MDG 2010 among MO. The questionnaire, adapted from published measures; consisted of 2 general items on awareness of MDG 2010, Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid (MFGP) and 18 multiple-choices knowledge items. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested and KR20 value was 0.66.The results showed that 96.1% provided nutritional advices to their patients and 100% believed that nutrition intervention was a method to improve health status. 98.6% from HUSM referred their patients to nutritionists or dietitians but only41.9% from private clinics did so. This survey also demonstrated that 60.2% did not know the existence of MDG 2010 while 16.5% had never heard of MFP. Although most of them were not aware of the existence of MDG 2010, the mean knowledge score obtained (10.0 ± 2.82) was slightly higher than the average score (9.0). This study suggests that efforts should be taken to disseminate the MDG 2010 among MO as they are the most direct health personnel to treat and educate patients. B50 Development and validation of FatCheck calculator: A tool to assess intake of total fat and fatty acids Tan YL 1, Suhaina S 2 and Baharudin O 3 1Nutrition Programme, 2 Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences; 3 Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic Science and Applied Health, Faculty of Health Science, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia Recent trends have shown that computer applications are important tools for gathering and disseminating nutritional information. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer are related to daily intakes of total fat and fatty acids such as polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and saturated fats (SFA). Hence, the main objective of this study was to develop and validate a tool known as FatCheck calculator for assessing total fat and fatty acids. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I is the development of the FatCheck calculator using Microsoft Excel as its platform. The fatty acid database was adopted from local studies, the Malaysian Food Composition Table and the Singapore Food Composition Guide. Users are able to compare their total fat and fatty acid intakes with current recommendations from the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). The FatCheck calculator was validated in phase II of this study against an existing program called Nutritionist Pro TM. A 24-hour diet recall from 34 subjects was used to analyze using both programs. Paired-t test, Wilcoxon s Signed Rank Test, Pearson and Spearman s correlation and the Bland-Altman test were used in the analysis. Results from paired-t test and Wilcoxon s Signed Rank Test showed significant difference between the two programs for SFA and MUFA intakes (p<0.05) but not for total fat and PUFA (p>0.05). This could be due to limited information on fatty acids in the Nutritionist Pro TM program. The FatCheck calculator could determine energy, macronutrients, dietary cholesterol and dietary fiber as well. Significant differences were not observed for PUFA because they exist in relatively smaller amounts when compared to SFA and MUFA. Strong correlations were observed for PUFA and dietary fiber ranging from r = at p<0.05 while energy, carbohydrate, protein, total fat, MUFA, cholesterol, sodium and potassium with r-values ranging from to at DIG

157 p< The Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between both programs where 95% of the plots were located within ± 2SD for all nutrients. In conclusion, this newly developed FatCheck calculator is able to assess total fat and PUFA. The FatCheck calculator can be further improved by expanding its database in order to provide a more comprehensive assessment for total fat and fatty acids intake. B51 The characteristics of related psychosocial factors across individual s readiness to increase fruit and vegetable intake Wong CY, Zalilah MS, Mirnalini K and Mohd Nasir MT Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia A cross-sectional survey of years old public university staff (N = 348) was conducted to determine individual s readiness to change and its relationships with fruit and vegetable intake, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and perceived barriers using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Standardized T-scores with mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 was calculated for psychosocial variables. One-way analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were performed. Half of respondents (50%) were in preparation stage (P), followed by in action/maintenance (A/M, 43%), precontemplation/contemplation (PC/C, 7%) stages. Respondents in post-action stages had significantly higher self-efficacy (Mean ± SDA/M = 51.5 ± 10.3 vs Mean ± SDPC/C = 42.4 ± 7.8; F = 9.17, p < 0.001) and perceived benefits (Mean ± SDA/M = 51.3 ± 10.3 vs Mean ± SDPC/C = 44.5 ± 11.8; F = 5.07, P < 0.01) while respondents in pre-action stages had significantly higher perceived barriers (Mean ± SDPC/C =53.9 ± 5.9 vs Mean ± SDA/M = 48.3 ± 10.3; F = 4.83, p < 0.05). Perceived benefits tend to outweigh perceived barriers prior to taking action. Self-efficacy is important in motivating individuals to have a diet high in fruits and vegetables as the crossing point for self-efficacy with perceived barriers occurred between preparation and action/maintenance. Respondents in action/maintenance stages had the highest mean serving of fruit and vegetable intake (Mean ± SE = 1.9 ± 0.1 serving; F = 4.52, P < 0.05) but the intake did not meet the recommendation. In conclusion, intervention strategies should emphasize on increasing perceived benefits and building self-efficacy by providing knowledge and skills to consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables. B52 Determination of weight status and dietary patterns of housewives in Kota Bharu Wong ST 1 and S. Daniel Robert 2 1Program in Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 2 Program in Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the dietary patterns and weight status of housewives living in Kota Bharu. We did a cross sectional survey among 87 housewives to analyze the BMI and the dietary life style factors. It was found that 32.2 % of the respondents were having normal BMI, 40.2 % were overweight, 24.1 % were obese and the remaining 3.4 % were under weight. Most of the women (56.3%) were over eating and 43.7 % were eating below the actual requirement. The rate of overeating DIH

158 among the overweight and the obese group was 31%. There was a significant association between the BMI and the differences in the energy intake (p = 0.01). The mean macronutrient distribution of the energy intake by the house wives was, CHO: 51%, protein: 17.3% and fat: 14.2% respectively. The mean dietary fiber intake of all the groups was 5.1 ± 4.9 g/day. Evaluation of exercise habits revealed that 52% of the women from the overweight/obese category did not exercise regularly. However 5% from the normal weight category did regular exercise. None of the woman from the underweight class did regular exercise. We found that 30% of the woman in the over weight/obese category and 13% of women with normal body weight have metabolic diseases. Majority (46.2%) of the women in the overweight and obese category have hypertension.we conclude that a well balanced diet and a regular exercise are required to maintain a healthy body weight. B53 Nutritional status and food habits of preschool-aged children in Sabah Yumbod AC and Poh BK Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The process of urbanization and economic development has changed the lifestyle and eating habits of the population, including that of young children. The aim of this crosssectional study was to assess the nutritional status and food habits of preschool-aged children in Sabah. A total of 160 children (83 boys and 77 girls) aged 4 to 6 years old were recruited from local and private preschools, and daycare centers in Kota Kinabalu (urban area), Penampang, Papar and Tuaran (rural areas). Anthropometric measurements included body weight and height, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated and compared with the WHO (2006; 2007) BMI-for-age growth reference. A questionnaire on child food habits was self-administered by the parents or caregiver. Mean weight, height and BMI were 19.7 ± 4.9 kg, ± 6.0 cm, and 16.0 ± 2.8 kg/m², respectively. Although the majority of the subjects had normal BMI-for-age, there were 2.9% overweight in children under 5 years old, and 8.6% having the risk of being overweight and 8.6% obese. Among those aged 5 years above, there were 3.2% underweight, 10.4% overweight and 12.0% obese. No significant difference was found in BMI-for-age between urban and rural children. Results showed that breakfast was the most frequently skipped meal, and the main reason given was no appetite (61.1%). The most consumed breakfast foods were bread (25.5%), fried noodles (23.8%) and fried rice (14.2%). Subjects who eat in between meals mostly consumed biscuits and bread as their snacks. There were 30.2% of children who ate supper everyday; with biscuits, rice with dishes, and bread being the most consumed foods at supper time. The consumption of milk was highest before bedtime (52.8%), followed by breakfast (49.1%), morning tea (44.4%) and afternoon tea (29.8%). Most of the subjects preferred flavoured milk compared to plain milk. Most of the subjects (35.0%) reported consuming fast foods about once a month. Results showed no significant association between parental income and parental education with BMI-for-age. In conclusion, the preschool-aged children in Sabah were experiencing malnutrition, particularly overweight and obese. Nutrition intervention programme should thus take into account the co-existence of the dual burden of malnutrition among these children. DII

159 Poster Presentations: Day 2 Group D: Clinical Nutrition/Intervention Trials D01 Body composition and physical activity: comparison between gynaecological and colorectal cancer survivors Arsyurahmah AR 1, Suhaina S 1, Nor Aini J 1, Biswa MB 2, Zabedah O 3, Mohd Zaid MG 4 & Poh BK 1 1School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia; 3Institute of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuala Lumpur Hospital; 4Institut Sukan Negara, Bukit Jalil, Selangor DE Objective monitoring of physical activity has advanced greatly in recent years. However, little are known about the actual physical activity patterns and body compositions of cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to determine body composition and physical activity as well as to compare between gynaecological and colorectal cancer survivors that had completed their cancer treatment. This cross sectional study was conducted among 64 cancer survivors; 31(48.4%) colorectal cancer survivors and 33 (51.6%) gynaecological cancer, aged between years, were recruited through convenience sampling from Radiotherapy and Oncology Clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital and Oncology Clinic of the Institute of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine of Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Data collected were socio demographic, medical history and anthropometric measurements. Body composition was determined using Body Composition Analyzer while physical activity was determined by step count using Pedometer, which subjects wore for seven consecutive days. Results showed that majority of subjects (75%) were between years old, 89.1% were married, 42.2% not working, 62.5% having income less than RM1500 and 62.5% had a secondary school education. Mean BMI and body fat percentage of gynaecological ( kg/m2; %) and colorectal cancer (female kg/m2; %; vs male kg/m2; %) survivors were within overweight categories even though their mean percent body fat indicated obese. Pedometer step count of both female cancer survivors group were within the category of sedentary [ , ] while the male survivors were Spearman correlation showed that the higher the BMI the more percent body fat (r =0.76, p<0.01) among all cancer survivors. However, there was an inverse significant relationship between BMI with physical activity (r=-0.25 p<0.05). In conclusion, female cancer survivors have a high percentage of body fat due to their sedentary physical activity. Similarly, the male cancer survivors have a high percentage of body fat although they are quite active. Hence, physical activity should be introduced early during the clinic follow up for improvement of weight status, body composition and overall quality of life. D02 A case study of sahur meal on hormonal and glucose response of 10km time trial at different time of the day during Ramadhan fasting Goh KW 1, Albert Tan YW 1, Ang BS 2, Rabindarjeet S 2 DIJ

160 1National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia; 2 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia The objective of this study was to examine the exercise performance and physiological responses of 10Km Time-Trial (10KTT) at different time of the day after sahur meal during Ramadhan. This study had ethical approval from USM. Three well-trained Muslim runners were recruited for this study with the following characteristics: age, 25±0.8 years; maximal oxygen uptake, 54.87±3.45 ml.kg -1.min -1 ; body weight, 52.4±1.99 kg; height, 162.7±3.55 cm. Subjects ran 10KTT on four occasions: 8.00am(M) and 5.00pm(E), separated by one day rest at two weeks before Ramadhan (BRam) and second week during Ramadhan (DRam) respectively. BRam, subjects consumed their usual diet. DRam, they consumed a standardized sahur meal containing 14.5±0.5kcal/kgBW; 2.3±0.1gCHO/kgBW; 0.6±0.0g Protein/kgBW; 0.3±0.0gFat/kgBW. During each 10KTT, subject ran at 85%VO2max for first two km and self-selected speed then onwards. Blood sample was collected for physiological responses before run, and at 0, 2 and 10 km. Time to completion (TIM) and running speed were recorded. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured before each run. There were no significant differences in hydration status for the M and E runs BRam (M:1.016±0.011; E:1.018±0.008) and DRam (M:1.014±0.012; E:1.016±0.004). DRam, running performance were better in M (TIM:45.06±4.16mins; speed:12.19±1.19km/h) compared to the E (TIM:46.12±3.48mins; speed:11.90±0.93 km/h). TIM and speed BRam was (M:46.70±3.53mins, 11.73±0.91km/h; E:45.61±5.48mins, 12.11±1.55 km/h). There were no significant changes in blood glucose during BRam (M:5.08±0.08mmol/L; E:4.93±0.40 mmol/l) and DRam (M:5.62±0.49mmol/L; E:4.97±0.34mmol/L) trial, although it was lower in the E. Serum Testosterone (ST) was highest at the end of 10KTT DRam E (10.43±1.39ng/mL) when compared to the M (10.33±0.24ng/mL) and was generally higher than BRam (M:9.19±2.72ng/mL; E:8.67±0.82ng/mL). Serum Cortisol (SC) showed no significant differences between trials. All runners did not experience dehydration, lack of energy nor drop in performance DRam fasting. This study suggest that when provided with a balanced sahur meal, and better nutrition strategies throughout the Ramadhan, athletes can sustain their running performance provided the events starts in the morning after sahur meal. D03 Evaluation of lifestyle status and obesity among coronary artery disease patients in Iran Haleh E, Rokiah MY and Haziz AS Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM The objective of this study was to examine lifestyle characteristics and obesity among coronary artery disease patients. The examination of lifestyle and obesity was needed for the secondary prevention of CHD. The cross-sectional study was carried out in a specialized governmental hospital in north of Iran. Two hundred and fifty CAD patients aged 40 years and above were selected by systematic random sampling after diagnosis as CAD patients by angiography. Subjects with history of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction were excluded. The information on lifestyle which included physical activity, smoking status and supplement intake were collected by questionnaire. Weight and height were measured by the standardized method. BMI was calculated by weight/ (height)². The result showed that 51.6% of subjects had low, 22% were moderate and 26.6% were high physically active. The mean of physical activity (MET/wk) in male was higher than female. There was significant difference in physical activity between DIK

161 male and female (p< 0.001). Among male, 42.3% were low, 20% were moderate and 36% were high physically active. Among female, low, moderate and high physical activity were 61.7%, 23.3% and 15% respectively. In terms of smoking, 27% of subjects were smokers and 72.8% were non-smokers. Based on gender 50.8% of male and 1.7% of female were smokers and this difference was significant (p< 0.001). Supplement intake among the subjects were 10.8% and intakes among females were (18.3%) and male (3.8%). This difference was significant (p< 0.001). Based on BMI, 65.2% of subjects were obese and according to gender 54.6% was male and 92% were female. This difference between male and female was significant (p<0.001). From this result, all the factors were very important to be considered when planning a promotional program for healthy lifestyle in prevention of CHD. D04 Prevalence of malnutrition and parameters predicting nutritional status in end stage renal disease patients in Malaysia Harvinder K 1, Chee WSS 1, Goh CY 1, Lau LT 1, Sharmela S 2, Tilakavati K 2, Leonard J 2, Sunita B 3, Ghazali A 3 and Goh BL 4 1Dept of Nutrition & Dietetics, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Dept of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3 Nephrology Dept, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Nephrology Dept, Hospital Serdang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia This study reports on prevalence of malnutrition and determines parameters predicting nutritional status among dialysis patients in Malaysia. This cross sectional study comprised of 155 haemodialysis (HD) and 90 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Patients were measured for body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid-arm circumference (MAC). Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm muscle area (AMA) and fat free mass (FFM) were calculated. Biochemical data were obtained from medical records. Dietary recalls, Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) and Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) were performed on the patients. Parameters predicting nutritional status were determined by multiple linear regression analysis using DMS as standard. About 80% of the HD and PD patients had below average ( 85 th percentile) TSF, MAMC and AMA as reference to the Frisancho, 1990 classification. Both HD and PD patients were moderately malnourished when assessed using DMS and MIS tools. The DMS score of HD patients showed significant correlations with BMI (r = , p <0.001), MAC (r = , p <0.001), TSF (r = , p<0.001), MAMC (r = , p <0.001), AMA (r = , p <0.001), serum TIBC (r = , p =0.033), FFM (r = , p <0.001) and age (r = 0.068, p <0.001). The DMS score of CAPD patients showed significant correlation with BMI (r = , p =0.021), MAC (r = , p =0.028), FFM (r = , p =0.005) and serum albumin (r = , p <0.001). The best predictor of nutritional status in HD patients was MAMC (β = , p =0.041) while in PD patients was serum albumin (β = , p <0.001) using DMS score as standard. Mid arm muscle circumference and serum albumin were the most appropriate parameters predicting malnutrition risk among dialysis patients in Malaysia when compared to DMS score. However, evaluation of nutritional status is best performed with all readily available nutritional parameters for complete prognostic malnutrition information. DIL

162 D05 High fat diet induced changes of intestinal tight junction proteins Jesmine Khan and Mohammed Nasimul Islam Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Gastrointestinal mucosa functions as a barrier to prevent the entrance of harmful agents into the systemic circulation and protects living organisms from different noxious agents. Altered structure and function of any of the layer of the mucosa lead to higher intestinal permeability. A major determinant of intestinal permeability is the intercellular tight junction proteins. Role of tight junction proteins during high fat diet is poorly understood. Recently, consumption of high fat diet has been reported to alter tight junction protein expression of the intestinal barrier. Altered expression of tight junction proteins might play role in high fat diet induced intestinal and extra intestinal pathology. Objective of the study was to review high fat diet induced alteration of intestinal tight junction proteins. We searched the related articles in PubMed from the year 1980 till March We found 58 studies using the key words high fat diet, obesity, gut barrier, intestinal permeability, claudin, occludin, junctional adhesion molecule and intestinal tight junction proteins. Only 5 of them evaluated intestinal tight junction proteins. Consumption of high fat diet was found to be associated with compromised tight junction proteins. Understanding the mechanism of high fat diet induced alteration of tight junction proteins would help researchers find out the preventing measures. D06 Are Kuala Lumpur adults consuming high glycemic index (GI) diet? Khor KM, Nik Shanita S and Ruzita AT School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur A diet with a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) may be related to overconsumption of energy and promote weight gain. This cross-sectional study was aimed to estimate dietary GI and GL in the diet of adults in Kuala Lumpur. Sociodemographic information was collected through self administered questionnaire. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured, and BMI was calculated. Food intake information was obtained using multiple pass 24-hour dietary recall method. Dietary GI and GL were calculated manually according to established formula. A total of 147 subjects (61 male and 86 female subjects) had participated in this study. After excluding those under reporters of food intake, mean GI was 67.9 ± 4.7 and mean GL was ± Most of the subjects consumed an intermediate GI diet (66.7%). GI and GL did not show significant difference across underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese group. Pearson Correlation test indicated that GI did not correlated with age, BMI, waist circumference, energy and macronutrients intake. However, waist circumference, energy, carbohydrate and protein intake were positively associated with GL. After adjusted with energy intake, GL established a strong positive correlation with the carbohydrate consumption (r=0.812, p<0.001) as evidence as GI and carbohydrate actually were the factors that affect GL. Results suggested that intake of protein (r=-0.395, p<0.001) and fat (r=-0.716, p<0.001), as opposite to carbohydrate intake, were negatively influenced GL. In conclusion, most of the Kuala Lumpur adults were consuming an intermediate GI DJC

163 diet. Therefore, this study suggested that public education on the option of low GI foods should be a focus in the community nutrition intervention. D07 Soy product and isoflavone intakes among chronic lung disease patients Koh PJ and Hasnah H Nutrition Programme, School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur This cross sectional study was carried out to assess the soy product and isoflavone intakes among the chronic lung disease patients who were undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation programme at Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. A 24 items soy food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary history questionnaire (DHQ) were used to assess the soy product and isoflavone intakes of the subjects. In this study, a total of 40 patients (72.5% men and 27.5% women) with a mean age of 66.4 years old have been included as subjects. Majority of them were Malays (47.5%), followed by Chinese (42.5%) and Indians (10.0%). The mean for both soy product and isoflavone intakes determined using DHQ were g/day and mg/day respectively. The mean of soy product (47.38 g/day) and isoflavone (18.40 mg/day) intakes determined using FFQ was higher compared to the one in DHQ. The most commonly consumed soy products among the subjects were consisted of steamed firm tofu, fried firm tofu, yong tau foo, commercial soy bean drink, soy bean sprout, tempeh, egg tofu, tau hoo pok, homemade soy bean drink, tau hoo fah and fucok. Female patients have higher intakes of soy products and isoflavones than male but it was not statistically different (p>0.05). The mean intake of commercial soy bean drink was the only soy product which was significantly different (p<0.05) between the male ( g/day) and female ( g/day) subjects. The mean intake for soy product like tempeh was significantly higher (p<0.05) among Malays (4.3±5.5 g/day) compared to Chinese (0.1±0.3 g/day) and Indians (0.2±0.6 g/day). The mean intake of tau hoo pok was significantly (p<0.05) higher among Chinese (2.8±6.0g/day) compared to Malays (0.2±0.7g/day) and Indians (1.4±2.0 g/day). In conclusions, the most commonly consumed soy products based on ethnicity of these subjects were the same as what being reported in previous local studies. However, the values of soy product and isoflavone intakes among these subjects were much lower compared to the other same age of population in Malaysia, Japan and China. D08 Effect of caffeine on oxygen consumption and rating of perceived exertion during moderate intensity exercise among sedentary young female adults Lee SM 1, Poh BK 1, Ismail MN 2 and Shamsuddin, AF 3 1Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin; 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Caffeine had been shown to have an ergogenic effect on trained individuals; however, studies investigating the physiological effects of caffeine on the sedentary population are very limited. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on oxygen consumption and rating of perceived exertion during moderate intensity exercise among DJD

164 sedentary young adult females. Subjects comprised 16 female undergraduates aged between 18 to 29 years studying at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Eligibility criteria were based on low physical activity level and daily caffeine intake of less than 50mg a day, which screened using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) and caffeine consumption questionnaire, respectively. A single-blind, crossover, placebo controlled experimental design was used, with all subjects serving as their own controls. Sixty minutes after ingesting 100mg caffeine (Pro-plus, United Kingdom) or placebo capsule (Glucolin glucose), subjects were required to run on a treadmill for 30 minutes at a standardized power output equivalent to 60% of maximal heart rate. Oxygen consumption (Metamax 2B), heart rate (Metamax 2B), and rating of perceived exertion were recorded at 20 th, 25 th and 30 th minutes while blood pressure was recorded immediately after subjects completed their 30 minutes run. All subjects completed both the caffeine and placebo experiments and the differences recorded. Paired t-tests showed no significant difference between caffeine vs placebo trials for oxygen consumption (0.729 ± 0.1 vs ± 0.1, p=0.342), rating of perceived exertion (12.3 ± 2.5 vs 12.3 ± 2.1, p=1.000), heart rate (127.3 ± 11.0 vs ± 11.6, p=0.912), systolic blood pressure (117.7 ± 10.6 vs ± 10.1, p=0.151) and diastolic blood pressure (68.9 ± 10.0 vs 67.4 ± 8.0, p=0.466). There was no significant correlation between body fat percentage and oxygen consumption (r=0.158, p=0.559). The non significance in the results obtained could be due to the small effect size of the study (d=0.303). Hence, future studies with a larger number of participants should be carried out to examine the effects of caffeine during exercise in a sedentary population. D09 Nutritional status and health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu Lim HJ and Chan YM Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status with health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu. A total of 73 subjects were recruited from four hemodialysis centres in Kota Bharu. A set of interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data, dietary intake and health-related quality of life of the subjects (Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form). Information such as biochemical markers of nutritional status and medical history of respondents were obtained from the medical records as secondary data. Besides that, anthropometric measures (mid arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, height) were performed after dialysis to avoid unnecessary influence from hydration due to fluid accumulation. Inter-dialytic weight gain was computed using appropriate formula. Means energy and protein intake of the subjects were 26 ± 12 kcal/kg/day and 1.2 ± 0.7 g/kg/day, respectively. Scores for the scales of the healthrelated quality of life ranged from ± to ± 9.22, with the lowest for rolephysical and highest for social support. Advancing in age was associated with bigger effects of kidney disease, higher burden of kidney disease and lower physical functioning. Female was found to have higher effects of kidney disease, burden of kidney disease and quality of social interaction compared to their male counterparts. Higher patient satisfaction and role-physical were found in patients who had completed primary school. Higher body mass index was associated with lower pain, while higher triceps skinfold thickness was associated with higher burden of kidney disease and emotional well-being. Higher serum creatinine and serum albumin were associated with higher physical functioning and patient satisfaction, respectively. On the other hand, mid upper arm muscle circumference, dietary energy and protein intakes were not associated with any DJE

165 of the scales of health-related quality of life (p 0.05). In conclusion, the nutritional status among the hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu was moderate. Therefore, it is hoped that the findings can be added into the existing literature and serve as a baseline data for appropriate interventions to improve the nutritional status and health-related quality of life among the hemodialysis patients in Kota Bharu. D10 Nutritional Status and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among hemodialysis patients in Petaling Jaya and Puchong Loo PJ and Zuriati I Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia HRQOL of hemodialysis patients remain impaired compared to the general population. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the nutritional status and HRQOL among hemodialysis patients. A total of 101 hemodialysis patients were interviewed from two dialysis centers in Petaling Jaya and Puchong. Patients socio-demographic status, body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), inter-dialytic weight gain (IDWG), total body fat (TBF) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were recorded. Reading for serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, serum electrolytes, lipid profile, hemoglobin (Hb), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferin were taken from patients medical report. Kidney Disease Quality of Life short form version 1.3 (KDQOL-SF TM 1.3) was used to evaluate patients HRQOL. A majority of the patients were Chinese (n=76, 78.4%). The mean age of the study sample is 59.38± More than 40% (n=40) of the patients were obese with mean BMI 24.17±4.52kgm -2. The mean IDWG is 2.15±0.71kg. 76.3% of the patients have low serum albumin. Top three primary causes of end stage renal disease (ESRD) were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and unknown causes. Three most common co-morbidities include hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. TBF and %BF in female were significantly higher than male. Mean serum creatinine in male is significantly higher than female (t=-3.188, p=0.002). The hemodialysis treatment year of male is higher than female (t=2.218, p=0.029). Employment status, marital status and education level influence patients HRQOL. BMI, IDWG, MUAC and TBF do not correlated with HRQOL. Serum creatinine, phosphorus, albumin, and year of known kidney failure were positively correlated with HRQOL. Old age, %BF, TIBC, transferin, and total number of co-morbidities were negatively correlated with HRQOL. A lower score in burden of kidney disease, work status, physical and mental domains were observed among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether lower quality of life are associated with increased morbidity or mortality risks among the ESRD patients in our country. D11 Healthy eating practices improve quality of life among breast cancer survivors Mohammadi S 1, Suhaina S 1, Poh BK 1 and Amani R 2 1School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jondi Shapour, University of Medical Sciences, Iran DJF

166 Breast cancer survivors are highly motivated to seek information about food choices to reduce risk of cancer recurrence and improve their quality of life. This cross-sectional study aims to determine food intake practices and its association with quality of life among Iranian breast cancer survivors. A total of 100 breast cancer survivors aged from 32 to 61 years were recruited from the Oncology Clinic at Golestan Hospital. European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to determine QoL. Eating practices was evaluated by validated questionnaire modified from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) study. Nutritional status was assessed by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Approximately 94% of subjects were identified as well-nourished and 6% were moderately malnourished. Mean scores for all functional domains of QoL in wellnourished cancer survivors were higher than those in malnourished cancer survivors. A total of 66% of breast cancer survivors had healthy eating practices with a mean score of 38.2 ± 1.9; while 34% had poor eating practices with a mean score of 32.3 ± 2.7. The most positive changes were seen in the decreased intake of French fries (96%), fast foods (90 %) and red meat (70 %) and in the increased intake of fruits (85%) and vegetables (78 %). Spearman correlation were significant between healthy eating practices with social (r=0.27, p<0.01), role(r=0.22,p<0.05), cognitive(r=0.27,p<0.01) and emotional (r=0.25, p<0.05) functioning scales, global QoL (r=0.3, p<0.01) and reduced symptom of financial difficulties (r=-0.22, p<0.05). Generally, breast cancer survivors with healthy eating practices have better global quality of life, social, emotional, cognitive and role functions. In conclusion, healthy eating practices may improve quality of life of cancer survivors. Health care professionals should provide nutrition education in order to promote healthy eating practices among cancer survivors. D12 Rice consumption pattern (amount and type) in relation to glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus Nain Farahin MT 1, Barakatun Nisak MY 1 and Nor Azmi K 2 1Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor; 2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Recent meta-analysis summarized that higher consumption of white rice was associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies to date examine rice consumption pattern (amount and type) and its association with glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this cross sectional study was conducted to determine the rice consumption pattern (amount and type) in relation to glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes at UKM Medical Centre. Data was collected through a face-to-face interview with the subjects. Glycemic control parameter was assessed by collecting their recent level of HbA1c. Information related to socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometry measurements and dietary intake data were also obtained. Rice consumption pattern was assessed using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A total of 51 individuals with type 2 diabetes (10 males and 41 females) participated in this study. Their mean age were ± 9.20 years with body mass index of 29.51± 6.98 kgm -2 and duration of diabetes was ± 9.10 years. Mean HbA1c level was 8.66 ± 2.11% with only 14% of them achieved the target treatment goals of HbA1c <6.5%. Majority of the subjects (90%) consumed white rice daily and another 10% of them consumed either brown or basmati rice. There was a statistically significant relationship between age and glycemic control (r= , p=0.019). However, no relationship was observed between rice consumption pattern (amount and type) and glycemic control. Interestingly, there was a significant difference in HbA1c level among DJG

167 individuals who consumed smaller rice-bowl (8.2±1.8%) as compared to bigger rice bowl (9.5% ± 2.4%) (t=-2.113, p 0.05). In conclusion, rice consumption pattern was not associated with glycemic control. However, better glycemic control was observed among type 2 diabetics who were using smaller rather than bigger rice bowl. D13 Use of red palm oil in local snacks to increase the intake of provitamin A carotenoids in young aborigine children: A Malaysian experience Low CX, Kong JP, Cho YL and Ng TKW Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Three Semester 6 Nutrition and Dietetics (N&D) students at the International Medical University (IMU) each prepared a different local snack containing one teaspoon (5 ml) of red palm oil (RPO) per serving for consumption by Orang Asli children. Twenty-six Orang Asli children comprising 9 males and 17 females (aged 3 to 6 years) from two kindergartens in Sg Tekir, Labu, Seremban were recruited for the study. Eighty percent of the children had normal BMI-for-age while 20% were suffering thinness. Vitamin A intakes obtained by a single 24-hour recall showed that 46% of the children did not meet their recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for the nutrient. The three snacks were prepared with recipes developed by the N&D students and each serving contained 267 g carotenoids (60% of vitamin A RNI) from 5 ml RPO. The test snacks were prepared at the Bukit Jalil IMU campus very early in the morning and brought immediately to the Orang Asli kindergartens in Sg Tekir about 80 km away. The young subjects were provided with each snack on different mornings. On each occasion, the amount of each snack consumed was recorded. Acceptance of a snack was set at consuming at least one-half serving of the snack provided. On a fourth morning, one serving each of all three different snacks were provided at the same time to each child for consumption and the child s preference for the snacks recorded. Springroll and curry puff recorded 100% acceptability while doughnut had 82% acceptability. Preference of snack was in the order springroll (47%)> doughtnut (35%)> curry puff (18%), but a test of proportions showed no statistical significance for preference. Carotenoid retention tests showed the order doughnut (100%), springroll (84%) and curry puff (45%). The overall findings indicate that RPO can be used in a food-based strategy to improve provitamin A intake of young Malaysian Orang Asli children. D14 Acute effects of trans free palm margarine, interesterified palm olein and interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend on lipid profile and insulin sensitivity of healthy volunteers Ng YT 1, Norhaizan ME 1 and Voon PT 2 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2 Product Development and Advisory Services (PDAS), Food Technology and Nutrition, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Margarine was generally produced from vegetable oils through hydrogenation process. Partial hydrogenation process however, can produce trans fatty acid DJH

168 (TFA) which have negative impacts on health. Modification of hard fat by interesterification (IE), which produces desired hard stock for margarine, was investigated to produce trans fat replacer. However, the health impacts of these trans fat replacers are still inconclusive. A crossover, single blind study was conducted to investigate whether IE fat blends behave differently in terms of postprandial serum lipid profile, apolipoprotein B-48 (apob-48) and insulin sensitivity as compared to trans free palm margarine. Twenty young healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 3 test diets with one week washout period in between. These 3 high in fat diets include trans free palm margarine (TFPM), interesterified palm olein (IEPOo) and interesterified fully hydrogenated soybean oil blend (IE[FHSBO:SBO]). Test diet consisted of a high fat muffin containing 50g of test fat and strawberry milk shake was given to each subjects. Four hour postprandial effects on serum lipid profile, apob-48, plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide were observed. Plasma glucose level was significantly lower after the TFPM diet than after IEPOo and IE(FHSBO:SBO) diet at 90 minutes (diet*time interaction P= 0.000). A significant difference in the level of plasma glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride was found over time following 3 high fat loads (time effect P= 0.000). However, the magnitude of response was similar in postprandial serum lipid profile, serum insulin and C-peptide with no statistically significant difference between diets (P>0.05). Although there is a small, significant difference in both modified IE fats compared to unmodified TFPM in plasma glucose, they still behave in similar manner in terms of postprandial lipaemia markers and insulin sensitivity. D15 Factors associated with binge eating behavior among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre Nor Safwanah S 1, Barakatun Nisak MY 1, Nor Azmi K 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Previous studies suggest that binge eating behaviour (BEB) commonly occurs in adolescents with type 1 diabetes with limited studies to date examine the occurance of BEB among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Hence, this cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of BEB and examined factors associated with BEB among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Data was collected through a face-to-face interview with the subjects. The BEB was measured using Binge Eating Scale Questionnaire. The factors that may potentially associated with BEB were also assessed included socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometry, biochemical, clinical data and dietary intake as well as depression which was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire. A total of 51 individuals with type 2 diabetes (10 males and 41 females) participated in this study. Their mean age were ± 9.20 years with body mass index of 29.51± 6.98 kg/m 2 and duration of diabetes was ± 9.10 years. In this study, the prevalence of BEB was 7.8% which occured only in women. All of the subjects (n=4) who engaged in binge eating behaviour were obese (Mean + SD; ± 8.92 kg/m 2 ) and had high waist circumference (Mean + SD ± 10.70cm) with majority of them (75%) unable to achieve target glycemic goals (HbA1c level <6.5%). There were statistically significant association between age and BEB (r=- DJI

169 0.401, p<0.05), between BMI and BEB (r=0.414, p<0.05) and between depression and BEB (r=0.393, p<0.05). In conclusions, there was an appreciable proportion of BEB (7.8%) among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Increased BMI, depression, and younger age were associated with BEB among individuals with type 2 diabetes. D16 Associations of lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and lipid profiles with homocysteine: a novel risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Norshafawati AA, Rosita J & Norhaizan ME Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Homocysteine is a modest independent risk factor for CVD. Elevated homocysteine levels were related to a higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. This cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the associations of lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and lipid profiles with levels of homocysteine. The study involved 122 academic and non-academic Malays staff aged years-old that were selected systematically. Data were collected via self-report and face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire which comprised of socio-demographic background, smoking habits, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Blood was taken after 10 hours of fasting to determine homocysteine level and lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)]. Data were analysed using SPSS version There were 40.2% male and 59.8% female subjects with mean age of ± 8.25 years-old participated in the study. Both male and female groups were significantly different in homocysteine level (19.8±5.0; 15.5±4.8, p=0.000), with 89.8% male and 46.6% female subjects had high homocysteine levels (> 15 µmol/l). Significant positive associations were seen between homocysteine levels (mean ± SEM = ± 0.48 µmol/l; 95% CI = ) with passive smoker (χ 2 =8.9, p=0.003), waist circumference (r = 0.202; p = 0.026), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.225; p = 0.013), waist-hip-ratio (0.204; p = 0.024), TC (r = 0.185; p = 0.041), TG (r = 0.329; p = 0.000), and TC:HDL ratio (r = 0.293; p = 0.001). There were no associations between physical activity, smoking status (males only), depression anxiety and stress score, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, BMI, LDL, and HDL with homocysteine levels (p> 0.05). In conclusion, several lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and some lipid profile analysis were associated with homocysteine levels. Thus, changes in modifiable risk factors of homocysteine might be important to reduce CVD events amongst adults. D17 Impact of a nutrition education intervention program on weight loss in abdominally obese adolescents Nourian M 1, Zaitun Y 2, Mohd Nasir MT 2, Kelishadi R 1 1Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang DJJ

170 Metabolic syndrome is a combination of cardiovascular risk factors and obesity as an important component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous cardiovascular comorbidities such as coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An educational intervention program was conducted among 100 abdominally obese adolescents aged years, living in Isfahan province of Iran. Obese adolescents referred to the Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Research Clinic were recruited for the study. The intervention group (n=50), participated in 12 health belief-based educational sessions (one session per week). The control group (n=50) were exposed to the traditional progam in metabolic syndrome research center. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline and post-intervention to evaluate the effectiveness of the nutrition education program. Based on the risk factors that were identified, the intervention was focused on modification of diet to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes The adolescents were encouraged to decrease intake of saturated fat and calories, to increase consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables and to maintain moderate physical activity. After the intervention, there was no significant change in weight of the control group (62.5±16.6kg vs 62.6±16.1kg; p=0.97). However, weight of adolescents in the intervention group decreased significantly (64.0±13.3kg vs 62.5±13.6kg; p<0.05). The mean BMI in control and intervention groups was 26.4±3.2kg/m 2 and 26.5±2.3kg/m 2 (at baseline) and 26.0±3.7kg/m 2 and 25.8±3.9kg/m 2 (after intervention), respectively. At post-intervention, BMI of the adolescents in intervention group was on the borderline of significance (p=0.05). The increasing incidence of obesity, especially abdominal obesity leading to metabolic complications, is now recognized as a major public-health problem. Results of this study showed that educational intervention programs among adolescents may be helpful to reduce weight and prevent complications associated with overweight and metabolic syndrome. D18 Association between anthropometric measurement and hand grip strength among hospitalized elderly in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Syamimi Ahmad 1 and Sakinah Harith 2 1Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan; 2 Dietetic Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Nutritional status of hospitalized elderly can be considered as poor. They are known to be at risk of malnutrition which has been caused by multiple factors that synergize together throughout their life span. Yet, this condition of health does not improve much in hospital setting. The objective of this study was to identify correlation between anthropometric measurement and hand grip strength among hospitalized elderly in HUSM. A cross sectional study was done with a total of 77 subjects (39 men and 38 women) aged 60 years old and above. Subjects were interviewed using questionnaire which comprises of nutritional risk factors and health condition information. Anthropometric data: Heights, weight, body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), calf circumference (CC) were obtained using standard technique of measurements. In the meantime, the hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a hand dynamometer. Among these respondents, 36% were undernutrition based on BMI (<18.5kg/m2) with mean of BMI for male: 21.39± 4.6 kg/m 2 and female: 18.88± 5.6 kg/m 2 respectively. Whereas, the mean of HGS was 19.30±6.88kg (for male: 22.78±6.83kg and female: 14.86±3.69kg) respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that HGS was strongly associated with age, BMI, MUAC, and CC in both group (p < 0.01). As conclusion, in order to combat malnutrition among hospitalized elderly, the health DJK

171 professional should be aware of this situation in screening and managing nutritional intervention in older patients. D19 Effects of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density in Chinese premenopausal women in Malaysia: preliminary findings Tee YYS, Zaitun Y, Norhaizan ME & Chan YM Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Isoflavones, found abundantly in soy foods may play a role in osteoporosis prevention. An open-labeled, randomized trial was carried out to determine the effects of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density (BMD) after 12 months. Seventy three premenopausal Chinese women aged years living in the Klang Valley meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited. They were randomly assigned into the control and intervention groups (100mg soy isoflavones per day). BMD was measured using dualenergy absorptiometry (DEXA) (Hologic, USA) at the lumbar spine, hip region and total body. Socio-demographic and lifestyle information were obtained via questionnaires. Anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), body fat and lean mass, were assessed using appropriate equipments and standard procedures. Blood samples were taken by qualified medical professionals. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). There was no significant difference between intervention and control groups at baseline for their sociodemographic background, anthropometry measurements, biochemical indices, dietary intake, and physical activity level. The mean age of the subjects was 39.3±5.0 years. Their mean BMI was 22.2±3.4 kg/m 2 with 17.8% of them being overweight and obese. The average body fat percentage and lean body mass was 33.9±4.6% and 34.5±4.4kg, respectively. The women reached menarche at 12.8±1.5 years on the average and about 16.4% of them reported family history of fractures. The mean BMD at the spine (L1-L4), total hip, femoral neck, and total body were 1.025±0.118, 0.876±0.109, 0.739±0.110, and 1.061±0.755, respectively. Using the T-score classification, osteopenia was present in 21.9% of the subjects at the total body, 11% at the spine, 5.5% at the total hip and 32.9% at the femoral neck; whilst 2.7% were osteoporosis at the femoral neck. The mean serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were 2.12±0.05 mmol/l, 1.11±0.31mmol/L and 0.79±0.34 mmol/l, respectively. Mean calorie and calcium intakes were 1506±427 kcal/day and ± mg/day with none of the subjects achieved the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI) for Malaysian. The contributions of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat to the total energy intake were 46%, 18% and 36%, respectively. The subjects also demonstrated low physical activity level, with mean metabolic equivalent score (MET) of 786.3±941.9 min/week, and most of them (62%) did not perform regular exercise. Age of menarche was negatively correlated with BMD at the femoral neck (r=-0.243, p<0.05). Body weight and its related indices (BMI, lean mass, fat mass) were significantly correlated with BMD at all skeletal sites. None of the dietary and physical activity factors were associated with BMD at various sites. Soy isoflavones tablets were well-tolerated and did not result in any adverse effects throughout the study. These phytoestrogens were hypothesized to diminish bone loss in premenopausal women. DJL

172 D20 Understanding body composition, physical activity level and quality of life of cancer survivors Wong KH 1, Suhaina S 2, Fuad I 3, Zabedah O 4 and Ismarulyusda I 5 1Nutrition Program, 2 Dietetics Program, 5 Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; 3 Department of Oncology & Radiology, UKM Medical Centre; 4 Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Kuala Lumpur Hospital Some cancer survivors because of fatigue and side effects of treatment reported low physical activity level. Hence, their quality of life affected. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify body composition, physical activity level and quality of life of cancer survivors. A total of 12 cancer survivors subjects; 6 colorectal, 5 breast and 1 nasopharyngeal cancer, were recruited in this cross sectional study using purposive sampling method was carried out at an outpatient clinic of Oncology and Radiotherapy Department of UKM medical center and Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Information collected were anthropometric measurements, body composition using Tanita Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, physical activity level (PAL) using GPAQ and Quality of life (QoL) using EORTC questionnaire. Mean body mass index (BMI) and mean body fat percentage of subjects were 26.13±5.09kg/m 2 and 27.89±5.97% respectively. Half of cancer survivors (50%) were classified as moderately active while the other half were having a PAL of sedentary, with a mean physical activity of ± MET (minute/week). The mean score of global health status among cancer survivors were low (56.25±1.073). Mean score of emotional function was 56.25±2.662 which was highest among functional scale whereas mean score of symptom insomnia was 36.11±2.643 which was highest among symptom scale. For breast cancer survivors, worrying about future health was the main problem faced with the score of 26.66±14.91 whereas problem with lowest score was disappointed toward hair loss that was 20.00± For colorectal cancer survivors, sexual impotence was the main problem faced with the score of 41.67± For nasopharyngeal cancer survivor, mouth dryness and sticky saliva were the main problem faced with the score of 66.67±0.00. The quality of life of cancer survivors is good from the aspect of global health status, functional scale and symptom scale. Body weight and BMI showed no significant correlation with any scales of QoL. Physical activity can improve QoL of cancer survivors by improving body composition. In conclusion, PAL of cancer survivors was low due to side effect of treatment while all aspects of their QoL were good. Further studies needed to explore appropriate physical activities to ensure well-being of cancer survivors. DKC

173 Poster Presentations: Day 2 Group E: Food Science and Technology E01 Comparison of the effect of boiling, deep-frying and grilling on the content of phosphorus and protein in chicken (Gallus Domesticus) Chong YL and Chan YM Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Patients with end stage renal disease (ESDR) on dialysis is recommended to reduce dietary phosphorus while consume adequate amount of protein to reduce the risk of hyperphosphatemia and malnutrition. Evidences show that cooking can affect the nutrient content in food. This study is aimed to compare the effect of 10 minutes- and 30 minutes-boiling, deep-frying and grilling on the content of phosphorus and protein in chicken, a commonly consumed food that contains high amount of phosphorus as well as protein. The composition, nutrient retention values of dry matter, protein and phosphorus as well as phosphorus to protein ratios in chicken breast meats before and after cooking were determined using appropriate methods. The results show that dry matter was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05) for all cooking methods except for 10 minutes-boiling. The content of protein was also significantly increased (p < 0.05) following all these cooking methods. Dry matter and protein were mostly retained in all the cooked samples. On the other hand, the content of phosphorus was reduced upon 10 minutes- and 30 minutes-boiling while there was an increased in the content of phosphorus after deep-frying and grilling. However, there was only significant mean change in phosphorus after deep-frying. Lower phosphorus retention values were reported in boiled samples than those in deep-fried and grilled samples. There was significant mean difference in phosphorus retention value between the 30 minutes-boiled and deep-fried samples (p < 0.05). Phosphorus retention values were significant lower than protein retention values (p < 0.05), indicating more consistent loss of phosphorus in samples after cooking. In conclusion, among all the cooking practices, 30 minutesboiling has the significant lowest phosphorus to protein ratio as compared to raw control, and hence would be a more appropriate cooking method for ESRD patients who require sufficient dietary protein intake but lower dietary phosphorus intake. E02 Total vitamin E in relation to levels of oil absorbed and total polar compound in oil following repeated short-deep frying Kho SZ and Mohd Sokhini AM Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Frying with reuse oil has raised health concern. This study was designed to investigate the effect of repeated short-deep frying process on oil absorption and levels of vitamin E DKD

174 in the fried foods. The study also determined levels of the total polar compounds (TPC) in the used oil. Potato strip and Yau-char-kuey were fried with fresh palm olein oil (POF) and fresh soya oil (SOF); used 1 time (POX1; SOX1); 5 times (POX5; SOX5); and 7 times (POX7; SOX7). Oil absorbed by the food was determined by Soxhlet Extraction method. Vitamin E tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3) (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) of oil extracted from fried potato strip and kuih Yau-char-kuey were determined by HPLC. Minicolumn method was used to determine TPC in oils. The results obtained showed that oil content in fried potato strip increased between 8.89%-10.17% with repeated frying using PO; and between 10.50%-16.25% with repeated frying using SO. Oil content in Yau-char-kuey increased 7.89%-9.28% (PO) and changed inconsistently between 8.11%-8.65% (SO) across the frying cycles. The differences were not significant (p>0.05) for Yau-char-kuey fried with PO and SO, but were significant (p<0.05) for potato. Total vitamin E and some isomers (α-t, γ-t, γ-t3, δ-t, δ-t3) decreased with frying cycles. There was an inverse relationship between oil absorption and total vitamin E content in oil absorbed into fried food. TPC increased with frying cycles. TPC were 0.40%-2.24% for PO and 4.25%-6.63% for SO which were acceptably low. In conclusion, repeated short-deep frying process increased oil absorption and total polar compound at a low rate. Consequently, higher frying cycles significantly reduced vitamin E content of in the oil absorbed by the food. D03 The ability of Zea mays ear in enhancing nutritional composition and changing textural and sensory properties of bread Lim JY and Wan Rosli WI Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Consumption of many types of dietary fiber has been shown to have various beneficial physiological functional properties and health effects. Presently, different types of natural fibre-rich ingredients are added into the bakery-based products to improve it fiber content for health promotional purposes. However, majority of these products are frequently added with imported dietary fiber ingredients. In the present study, bread samples were prepared with Zea mays ear (young corn) powder at the levels of either 2%, 4%, or 6%. The bread samples were analyzed for nutritional composition, textural properties and sensory acceptance. Addition of young corn powder (YCP) into bread increases total dietary fiber (3.48%-5.26%), moisture (25.64%-26.55%), fat (4.35%- 4.61%) and protein content (9.13%-9.51%) significantly. In addition, ash content was not affected by addition of YCP up to 6% (0.99%) as compared to control (0.95%). Results of texture profile analysis indicated that addition of YCP up to 6% not significantly affected the springiness ( ) but significantly decreased cohesiveness ( ). However, the addition of YCP up to 6% has increased hardness (0.18kg-0.57kg), gumminess (0.17kg-0.47kg) and chewiness (0.18kg-0.47kg) attributes of bread samples. On the other result, the sensory evaluation shows that the flavour score was not significantly affected by addition of YCP up to 4% ( ) while the tenderness ( ), elasticity ( ), aroma ( ), colour ( ) and overall acceptance ( ) scores were not significant affected up to 6%. Breads with 2% and 4% addition of YCP were considered to be acceptable and potentially used in improving nutritional composition without changing flavour score. DKE

175 E04 Quality of cooking oil among food hawkers in night market of Bangi Lim SY & Sokhini AM Department of Nutrition and Community Health, faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia. Repeated heating oil causes deleterious effects towards human health. In this cross sectional study, used cooking oils were collected from a selected night market food hawkers which has been systematically randomized in six different locations around Bandar Baru Bangi. Food hawkers were interviewed for their practice in deep frying and thirty-seven oil samples were collected. All 37 selected food hawkers reporting of using palm oil as the frying oil. However, the majority of the hawkers did not discard the used oils after the night market close. Only 51.3% of them practiced disposing the used cooking oil within 3 days of it usage. Indeed, most of the hawkers (35.1%) never discard the used oil but replenished the diminishing oil in a continuous cooking. Oil samples collected were analyzed for peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV) and smoke point (SP). Values derived from analysis were compared to Rossell s quality limits recommendation using one sample T-test. Parameters that significantly fell within safe quality limits are PV and SP, while AV was significantly exceeded recommended quality limit (p< 0.05). The result suggests a possibility that cooking oils in night market are abused as high AV indicates thermally oxidized cooking oil. Color of the oil samples was also evaluated as a direct physical indicator for oil deterioration and arranged in descending lightness from 1 (lightest) to 20 (darkest). Oil color inversely associated with PV (r2= , p< 0.05), but does not associate with AV and SP, suggesting that oil color observation is not a definitive indicator to assess oil quality after cooking despite the ease and convenient of the assessment. In conclusion, cooking oils in night market Bandar Baru Bangi were likely to be abused and were not safe to consume. Government is appealed to carry out further investigation using more parameters to assess quality of cooking oil used in food sectors especially food operators in the night markets and restaurants. E05 Vegetable oil enhances unsaturation ratio of fatty acid compositions in sausages added with grey oyster mushroom Muhammad Rausyan AR and Wan Rosli WI Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Sausages are commonly formulated with animal fat as one of the ingredient to form a stable emulsion-type product. Animal fat is normally containing high saturated fatty acid. Various types of oil/fat that used in sausage preparation can influence the fatty acid compositions (FAC) and also affect the textural properties (TP) of the final product. The replacement of meat with grey oyster mushroom (GOM) powder may also affects the FAC and TP of the sausage. In the present study, sausages were formulated either with chicken fat, vegetable fat, margarine, palm oil or corn oil at the fixed level of 10%. All sausages prepared with different types of oil/fat influence the TP of the sausage. In the other result, the hardness of sausage formulated with vegetable fat was increased at 0.10 Kg.sec while the cohesiveness attribute of sausage added with margarine increased at 0.79 Kg.sec compared to other treatments ( Kg.sec). On the other hand, sausage formulated with vegetable fat also increased springiness attribute at 1.45 Kg.sec. For FAC analysis, chicken sausage containing margarine recorded the highest DKF

176 amount of SFA at 58.12% compared to the other treatments ( %). In addition, chicken sausage added with palm oil had the highest amount of MUFA at 31.53%. On the other result, corn oil added in the sausage formulation recorded higher amount of PUFA (68.30%) as compared to the other formulations ( %). In summary, vegetable oil improves unsaturation ratio and influences textural properties of chicken sausage. E06 Frying stability of virgin coconut oil blended with sunflower oil Naaman TJU and Marina AM Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stability of binary mixture of sunflower and virgin coconut oil during deep frying. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is deficient in essential fatty acid (linoleic acid) but has high oxidative stability. Whereas, sunflower oil (SFO) has high amount of PUFAs and all essential fatty acids. SFO has a low oxidative stability due to high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The thermal stability of the binary blend was investigated through the chemical parameters namely fatty acids composition, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value(av), totox value (TV) and iodine value (IV) which show the oxidative level of the oil. There were three systems of oil that were used throughout the study periods which were 100% SFO, 75% SFO + 25% VCO and 50% SFO + 50% VCO. The study showed that the AV and PV were significantly reduced in both 50/50 and 75/25 blend systems compared to the control system. IV values however did not show any significance changes throughout the three oil systems. Colorimeter test showed that the oil samples getting darker, yellowish and greenish by the end of the frying. Viscosity test showed significance increase in all three oil systems after three days of frying. As a conclusion, the perfect binary blend of sunflower oil and virgin coconut oil can help to increase the PUFA and MUFA during deep frying activities as well as to provide oxidative stability to the oil. E07 Evaluation of Zea mays L. extract as antioxidant during deep fat frying of virgin coconut oil Neoh SL, Marina AM and Wan Rosli WI School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of corn silk or Zea mays L. (ZM) extract in increasing the oxidative stability of virgin coconut oil (VCO) during deep fat frying. Deep frying was done using French fries at 180 C for 3.25 hours per day for 3 consecutive days. There were 3 types of oil blend systems used: (1) VCO without antioxidant as control system, (2) VCO with 200 ppm butylated hydroxytoluence (BHT) as synthetic antioxidant and (3) VCO with 200 ppm of ZM extract as natural antioxidant. The results show that ZM extract significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of VCO compared to control oil and were comparable to BHT (P<0.05) in peroxide, anisidine, totox, iodine and free fatty acid value analyses. ZM extract did not change the sensory profiles of French fries which was shown by insignificant difference (P<0.05) between ZM and control fries for all sensory attributes (colour, taste, aroma, crispiness, oiliness and overall quality). Hence, ZM extract can be a potential natural antioxidant to be used in DKG

177 reducing oxidation during deep fat frying, thus maintain the quality of frying oil and consequently improve human health. E08 Effect of cornsilk (Maydis stigma) in yeast bread: evaluation on nutritional, textural and sensory properties Ng SH and Wan Rosli WI Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Demand for dietary fiber-enriched bakery products is rapidly increasing currently. It is due to dietary fiber offers health benefits including protection against several chronic diseases which are the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Cornsilk, a fiber-rich agricultural by-product has been linked with various medicinal and pharmacological properties. Due to this interest, yeast breads were developed using different levels (0, 2, 4 and 6%) of cornsilk powder (CSP). The nutritional, textural and sensory properties of the yeast breads were evaluated in this study. The total dietary fiber (TDF), protein and ash content were increased in line with the CSP level, from 3.35 to 5.91%, 9.13 to 9.76% and 0.89 to 1.03%, respectively whereas moisture content was decreased from to 22.58%. For texture profile analysis, the increment of firmness (0.15 to 0.50kg), gumminess (0.15 to 0.46kg) and chewiness (0.15 to 0.46kg) of yeast breads were observed parallel with the level of CSP used due to higher TDF content and lower moisture content of yeast breads. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between yeast breads added with 0% and 2% CSP. In addition, the scores of all sensory attributes were inverse proportional with the level of CSP incorporated but within acceptable range. The scores for tenderness and flavour attributes were reduced from 4.82 to 4.20 and 4.90 to 3.97, respectively due to the firmer crumb texture and stronger CSP flavour. Among all cornsilk-based yeast breads, yeast bread containing 2% CSP had the highest scores for all attributes and there were no significant differences with control yeast bread. To sum up, this present study has indicated that addition of 2% CSP could be an effective way to produce functional yeast bread without changing negatively its desirable textural and sensory properties. E09 Partial replacement of chicken meat with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) powder in sausage: the effect on nutritional composition, dietary fiber and β-glucan content Nor Maihiza Akmal MS and Wan Rosli WI Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Presently, edible mushrooms have become popular functional food products mainly because of their high nutritional composition and other medicinal therapeutic properties. The present study was focuses on the effect of incorporation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC)) powder to partially replace chicken meat in chicken sausages. This study investigates the changes of nutritional composition, dietary fiber and β-glucan content when sausages were formulated with either 0 (control), 2, 4 and 6 % of PSC powder. The percentage of chicken meat decreased with the increased level of PSC in sausage formulations. Proximate and total dietary fiber analyses were carried out using AOAC methods while β-glucan was determined using the method established by DKH

178 Megazyme (mixed-linkage). The result shows that the concentration of protein was proportionally decreased with the level of PSC from 18.41% (control) to 14.29% (6% PSC powder). Contradictorily, control chicken sausage shows the highest fat content (11.60%) while sausage formulated with 6 % PSC had the lowest value (10.74%). However, the replacement of PSC at 2 and 4 % in chicken sausage formulations also decreased fat content but was not significant. In addition, ash, moisture and carbohydrate content in all samples ranged from 1.92 to 1.55%, to 59.36% and to 8.84%, respectively. Apparently, total dietary fiber of chicken sausage was increased in line with the levels of PSC powder ( %). Except control chicken sausage, all PSC-based sausages recorded higher concentration of β-glucan in the range of 0.16 to 1.43%. In summary, partial replacement of chicken meat with PSC powder enhances nutritive values including dietary fibres and β-glucan. Therefore, oyster mushroom powder can be considered to be used as an alternative functional ingredient to improve nutritional values of processed food products. E10 Sensory evaluation of jangat (cow s skin) Umi Kalsum HZ, H Mohamed S, Dayana MN, Mohd Firdaus S Food Technology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, Serdang, P.O. Box 12301, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Jangat is made from a beef skin, and it is a popular food to Jawa and Minangkabau people. The conventional processing of jangat takes a long time approximately 2 months, and the process involved is very tedious. MARDI had successfully developed a new technique to process the skin which is easier, faster, cleaner and saver compared to the conventional method. 25 panelists consisting of researchers of the Food Technology Research Centre, MARDI, Serdang had been invited to do the sensory analysis of cooked cow s skin for 0, 1, 2 and 3 months. The sensory responded of the samples using a 9- point hedonic scale. The attributes evaluated were appearance, aroma, tenderness, taste and overall acceptability. The samples were presented randomized. Results had shown the sensory evaluation results of commercial and new technology samples from 0 to 3 months. The result shows there was no significant different (p<0.05) between commercial and new technology sample at all attributes. There also was no significant different (p<0.05) between commercial and new technology sample from 0 to 3 months of storage. Consumer preferences (overall acceptability) for the conventional and new technology process were the same but in the 3 month of storages; they refused to accept the conventional sample compared to new technique. In conclusion, the new technology on the processing of jangat had better quality compared to the conventional process. DKI

179 IMPROVING LIVES through Nutrition Society of Malaysia Nutrition As a professional organisation, we are guided by a simple belief the more people understand food and nutrition, the better they can care for their health and well-being. For that reason, we support the advancement of research, sharing practical insights and important discoveries for the benefits for all. We also support the Government s efforts in promoting healthy nutrition in the society to combat nutrient deficiencies as well as diet-related chronic diseases in the country (e.g. obesity, diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease). In caring for the community, we continuously disseminate practical nutrition information to the young and old alike, guiding them to discover the benefits of good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. We are committed to improve lives through nutrition. It s our way of serving Malaysians. Our Activities For more information, visit our website: Our Major Publications Annual scientific conferences Malaysian Journal of Nutrition Scientific update sessions Nutritionists Choice Cookbook (Vol 1: Healthy Recipes for Your Little Ones) Malaysian Journal of Nutrition Berita NSM Consultation with health, regulatory & scientific bodies Roadshows & exhibitions with nutrition screening & dietary advice for the public Public talks & workshops A comprehensive and authoritative website on nutrition for Malaysians - Nutrition promotion programmes in collaboration with other professional bodies and private sector (eg Nutrition Month Malaysia, Healthy Kids Programme, Positive Parenting) Conduct research on specific community groups Resipi Sihat, Pilihan Bijak (Vol 1 & 2) Women@Heart Wanita & Pemakanan manual for professionals and leaflets for public Malaysian Dietary Guidelines leaflets NMM booklets on healthy eating and active living Nutritionists Choice Cookbook, Resipi Sihat, Pilihan Bijak (Vol 1 & 2) Women@Heart Wanita & Pemakanan manual for professionals and leaflets for public Malaysian Dietary Guidelines leaflets 15 NSM2012 Scientific Conference La1 NSM-Pfizer Booklet.indd /11/125:22:34 5:57:46PM PM 8/24/11