Macronutrients : Protein. Structure, sources and function
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1 Macronutrients : Protein Structure, sources and function
2 Step 1: Log onto https: //todaysmeet.com/protein Step 2: Write your name and add to the discussion. What do you know about proteins?
3 As part of this course, students learn about the structure, sources and function of protein. They learn to identify proteins in given recipes and meals (composition), and also identify common food sources of proteins.
4 Introduction What are proteins? Why does the body need them? What is their structure? What are dietary sources of protein? What are the different types? How much do we need?
5 Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, all of which are made of protein. Each cell includes protein not only in its structure through the cell wall, but also within the cell through the protoplasm which predominantly contains protein (Eg. DNA in the nucleus is made of protein). Introduction to Proteins
6 Why does the body need protein?
7 Protein is an essential nutrient in the diet as it is used to manufacture protein in the body, as well as perform structural and functional roles. Structural proteins are needed to build connective tissue, cell membranes and muscle cells. Regulatory proteins act as enzymes or transport vehicles. Some amino acids are used as a minor fuel source during exercise In times of fasting/starvation, protein is converted to glucose (from muscle tissues) and used for energy. Australian Institute of Sport, (2015) How is protein used in the body?
8 What are proteins? Proteins are molecules comprised of the atoms carbon (C), hygrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). The building blocks for proteins are amino acids. There are 22 amino acids which join together in different combinations to build different types of proteins.
9 Structure of Proteins Proteins are made of numerous amino acids joined together by polypeptide bonds.
10 All amino acids have the same structure; one hydrogen atom an amino group (NH2) a carboxyl group (written as C00H). an R-group which stands for radical. It s the only part of the amino acid which changes and makes it unique and different from the others. Structure of Proteins
11 Structure of Proteins
12 Food Sources of Proteins What foods do you think contain protein?
13 Food Sources of Proteins Many foods contain protein however the quality of these sources varies depending on the amino acids present. Amino acids are considered to be essential or non-essential. Non-essential amino acids are made by the body and do not need to be consumed through dietary sources. There are 11 in total. Essential amino acids are not made by the body and must be consumed. This means they must be obtained from foods as the body cannot produce them. There are 9 in total.
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15 Examples of foods which contain amino acids.
16 Complete Proteins Proteins that contain all essential amino acids They contain high biological value (HBV) Complete proteins include animal sources such as meat, cheese, milk, eggs, fish The only exception to this are soy beans. They are also complete complete but are sources from plants not animals. Incomplete Proteins Proteins that are missing one or more of the essential amino acids. They contain low biological value (LBV) Incomplete proteins include plant sources such as Cereals Eg. wheat, rice, oats Pulses Eg. peas, beans, lentils Some nuts Vegetables (a very small amount) The only exception to this is gelatine. Gelatine is sourced from animals and is considered a LBV protein. Food Sources of Proteins - Complete vs Incomplete
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18 Complementary Proteins Since incomplete proteins do not contain all essential amino acids, they should be combined with other incomplete proteins which compliment each other nutritionally to ensure all amino acids are consumed during the meal sitting. A complementary protein is when two or more incomplete protein sources when combined, provide adequate amounts of all essential amino acids. For example: Pasta with beans, Veggie burgers on bread, tortillas with beans, split pea soup with wholegrain bread.
19 How much protein do we need? Australian Institute of Sport (2015)
20 Are you getting enough protein? 1. Log onto NUTTAB (A database which breaks down the nutritional profile of most Australian foods) 2. Search the foods you consumed. 3. Record how much protein is in each. 4. Conclude whether or not you ate enough protein based on your daily requirements. NUTTAB Website link: Class website link:
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