STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING TNCF DRAFT SYLLABUS.
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1 STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING TNCF DRAFT SYLLABUS Subject: Biochemistry Class : XI TOPIC CONTENT Unit 1 : Scope and objectives;types of cell - prokaryotic Introduction to Biochemistry cells and eukaryotic cells; Sub cellular and the Cell Organelles - cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoplasm chloroplast and vacuole; Body fluids:bloodcerebra spinal fluid,lymph;acids and bases:definition of ph; Henderson-Hasselbalch equation;ph of various body fluids; Regulation of acid base balance; Buffer systems; Respiratory regulation; Renal regulation; Buffers Definition and examples of buffers Applications of buffers: Buffers of blood, Bicarbonate buffer, Phosphate buffer, Protein buffers, Hb buffer Unit 2 : Bio Molecules Introduction;Importance, definition and classification; Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides; Proteins - Definition, Classification and Function; Functional diversity of proteins; Lipids Definition,classification and functions; Nucleic acids;definition,classification and Functions;
2 DNA and RNA Unit 3: Enzymes Chemical nature of enzymes and active site; Naming of Enzymes and classification of Enzymes; Factors influencing Enzymes activity ph, Temperature, Substrate concentration, Enzymes Concentration ActivatorsandInhibitors;Inhibitors - Competitive inhibition, Uncompetitive inhibitionandnoncompetitive inhibition; Allosteric inhibition; ISO enzymes; Medicinal and industrial uses of enzyme; Unit 4: Carbohydrates Functions of carbohydrates; Monosaccharides - Structure of glucose, galactose and fructose; Physical properties; Chemical properties - Reactions of glyosidic OH group& Alcoholic OH group Aldehyde CHO group; Haworth projection; Disaccharide - structure and properties of Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose; Polysaccharides: Homo polysaccharides - starch & Glycogen; Hetero polysaccharides - Heparin and hyaluronic acid Unit 5 : Proteins Sources of proteins;aminoacid:properties of amino acids, Physical and chemical properties, Classification of amino acids based on R groups; Essential and non-essential amino acids;non-canonical amino acids; Peptide bond and its characteristics; Properties of protein: Physical properties Colour,taste,Solubility
3 Opticalactivity andcolloidal nature; Denaturation of proteins, Salting in and out;structure of proteins: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structures; Biologically important proteins: Plasma proteins and Hemoglobin Unit 6 : Classification of fatty acids; Saturated fatty Lipids acids and Unsaturated fatty acids; Essential fatty acids; Tri-aryl glycerols: Physical properties and Chemical properties, Quantitative tests, Acid number, Saponification number, Iodie number, Polenske numberriechertmeissnumber, Acetyl number; Phospholipids: Classification - Glycerol phospholipids, Sphingolipids; Importance of phospholipids; Sterols: Cholesterol structure, properties and importance, Ergosterol and Stigmasterol Unit 7 : Nucleic Acids Purine and pyrimidine bases; Pyramidin Bases: Structure and properties; Purine bases: Structure and Properties; Chargaff s rule; Nucleic acids, Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA): Types of DNA, Watson and Crick model, Functions of DNA, DNA as a genetic material Griffith s Transformation; Ribonucleic acid (RNA): Structure of RNA, Types of RNA, Functions of
4 RNA, Difference between DNA and RNA Unit 8: Vitamins Introduction and classification of vitamins; Fat soluble vitamins - Structure, Function, Sources, Requirements, absorption, storage and deficiency of Vitamins A, D, E, K; Water soluble vitamins: Structures, Function, Sources, Requirements, absorption, storage and deficiency of Vitamin B complex, Thiamine, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C and Biotin; Co-enzyme functions of vitamins Unit 9 : Introductionandclassification of minerals; Micro Minerals and macro minerals; Functions, Description, Sources, Requirements, Absorption, excretion, Factors affecting absorption and Deficiency of macro minerals (Calcium,Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine, Magnesium and sulphur) and Micro minerals (Iron, Copper, Iodine, Fluorine, Zinc, Cobalt, Manganese, Chromium, Molybdenum and Selenium) Unit 10 : Biochemical Techniques Introduction and principles of Chromatography; Types of chromatography: Column Chromatography - Adsorption chromatography, Partition chromatography, Gas liquid chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, Molecular sieve chromatography, Affinity chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Thin layer chromatography; Paper chromatography; Electrophoresis:
5 Principle and types of electrophoresis: PAGE, SDS PAGE and Agarose gel electrophoresis; Centrifugation techniques:principle,types anduses; Differential Centrifugation; Applications of analytical centrifuge; Spectrophotometry: Beer Lambert s law,colorimeter; Absorption spectra, Application of Spectra photometry; Polymerase chain reactor; DNA finger printing;microarray;biosensors
6 STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING TNCF DRAFT SYLLABUS Subject:Biochemistry Class: XII TOPIC CONTENT Unit 1 : Chemical composition: Lipid, Proteins, Integral Proteins, Cell membrane Peripheral Proteins; Models Proposed for plasma membrane: Monolayer Model, Lipid Bilayer Model, Unit MembraneModel, Fluid Mosaic Model; Membrane Transport: Passive Transport, Facilitated diffusion, Active Transport, Endocytosis; Viscosity: Factors affectingviscosity and its biological application; Surface Tension: Factors affecting surface tension and itsbiological importance; Osmosis and itsbiological significance, Regulation of ph by respiratory Mechanism and renal Mechanism Unit 2 : Digestion Introduction to Digestion:Buccalcavity, Stomach, Pancreas and Liver, Small Intestine, Large Intestine;Secretion of GastroIntestinalTract;Digestion and Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids: Digestion in duodenum, Digestion in small Intestine, Absorption and the Factors affecting the
7 rate of absorption;gastro intestinal hormones Unit 3: Carbohydrate Metabolism Introduction to metabolism; Anabolism and Catabolism; Glycolysis: Reactions of Glycolytic pathway and the Summary of Glycolysis; Energetics of Glycolysis under anaerobic condition; Tricarboxylic acid cycle: Reactions and energetics of Tricarboxylic acid cycle; Hexose Mono Phosphate (HMP) shunt: Oxidative phase and Non oxidative phase; Glycogen: GlycogenesisandGlycogenolysis; Gluconeogenesis: Reactions of gluconeogenesis; Precursors for glucose, Cori cycle; Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Glucose tolerance Unit 4: Biosynthetic reactions of amino acids; Catabolism of Protein Metabolism amino acids: Deamination and Transamination (AST & ALT),Decarboxylation,Trans methylation, Catabolism of carbon skeleton of amino acids; Urea cycle; Formation of Niacin, Melanin, Thyroid Hormones and catecholamine Unit 5 : Lipid Metabolism Biological functions of lipids; Bio synthesis of fattyacids; Oxidation of fatty acids β-oxidation; Cholesterol Biosynthesis; Important derivations of cholesterol: Bile salts and Vitamin D; Phospholipids: Types, Biosynthesis of phospholipids,biosynthesis of lecithin; Degradation ofphospholipids; Lysolecithesformation; Effects of isolecithin; Cephalin; Atherosclerosis
8 Unit 6 : Molecular Biology Unit 7 : Inborn errors of Metabolism Introduction; Replication: Models of Replication,DNApolymerase,and sequential process of replication;catabolism of deoxy ribonucleases; Exonucleases; Endonucleases; Transcription: Steps of Transcription, Processing of mrna Molecule, Processing of trna Molecule, Reverse Transcription;Translation Introduction;Galactosemia: Causes and Symptoms;Von Gierke s disease: Causes and Symptoms;Haemophilia: Causes and Symptoms; Albinism: Causes and Symptoms; Alkaptonuria: Causes and Symptoms; Tay Sach s disease: Causes and Symptoms Unit 8: Introduction; Redox reactions and Redox potential; Biological Electron transport chain (ETC): Components of Oxidation mitochondria, Components and Reactions of ETC. Inhibitors of ETC;Oxidativephosphorylation;Chemiosmotictheory,Role of F0-F1 ATPase; High energy compounds: Storage form of high energy compounds ATP as high energy compound, Structure of ATP, Free energy of hydrolysis of ATP,Mono and pyro-phosphate cleavage Unit 9 : Enzyme Kinetics Introduction to chemical kinetics; Derivation of Michael- Menten Equation, Km value definition;lineweaver Burk equation, Enzyme action: ES complex formation,theories of active site; Enzyme Inhibitor: Reversible enzyme Inhibition,competitiveInhibition,Uncompetitive Inhibition and Non-competitive Inhibition; Irreversible enzyme Inhibition
9 Unit 10 : Immunology Introduction; Infections: Bacterial, Viral and Fungal infections;introduction and classification to Immunity Classification; Natural immunity - components involved in immunity, Mechanism involved in natural immunity; Acquired immunity: Humoral immunity, Cell mediated immunity;antigens: Structure and types of antigens, Factors influencing the antigenicity of antigens; Antibodies: Structureandtypesof antigen; Antigen antibody reactions Precipitation and Agglutination; Blood groups: ABO system Antigeno and Natural Antibodies of ABO blood groups
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