Ultimate Spinal Analysis PA USA-XRAY ( )
|
|
- Gillian Hopkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Page: 1 Spine Atlas Angle 7.24 S Atlas Angle S The Atlas Angle is a measurement of the stability of the Atlas. The Atlas Plane Line is compared to true horizontal. Any increase or decrease of this angle may be the result of the Alar, Accessory, and/or Anterior/Posterior Longitudinal Ligament sub-failure. Alteration of the Atlas Angle demonstrates abnormal shearing forces on the ligamentous structures. Maintaining the proper position of this vertebra in relation to the skull and is critically important for biomechanical stability for the entire axial skeleton. An increased angle may represent torsional stress resulting in an increase (hyperlordosis) of the cervical curve. A diminished angle may represent torsional stress resulting in straightening (hypolordosis) or reversal of the cervical curve.
2 Page: 2 Spine Atlas/Axis Angle A Atlas/Axis Angle 0.19 A The Atlas/Axis angle represents the angular relationship of C1 to. The atlas plane line is compared to a perpendicular line drawn from the posterior axis body line. The normal relationship is 1 to 2 degrees with the angle opening to the anterior. Increased flexion of Atlas on Axis causes mechanical alterations to weight transfer through the cervical spine and destabilizes normal spinal biomechanics. This angular increase is suggestive of an anterior superior fixed Occiput with resultant anterior head carriage, ligamentous laxity, failed biomechanics and altered weight bearing throughout the spine. Spine Atlas/Skull Angle Atlas/Skull Angle 5.61 The Atlas/Skull Angle is an angular comparison of the plane line of C1 to the plane line of the base of the skull at the level of the foramen magnum. In the healthy spine, the angle is divergent to the posterior. An increase in the normal angle would indicate a flexion related subluxation. A reversal of the angle with divergence to the anterior of the spine indicates an extension subluxation. Both of these categories indicate failed biomechanics, abnormal stresses on the ligamentous structures and possible neurologic sequlae.
3 Page: 3 Spine Base Lines Base Lines The lateral Base Lines are drawn from the inferior epiphyseal plates of each vertebra. The lines should converge on the posterior of the lateral spine view and converge at a central point. This is a qualitative analysis used to assist the physician in determining fixed flexion or fixed extension of vertebra (e). When a base line intersects with the next superior base line, this indicates fixed flexion of the inferior vertebra (e) while a base line intersecting with the next inferior vertebra indicates fixed extension of the superior vertebra. If not corrected this may leads to biomechanical dysfunction, which may assist with or lead to premature degenerative changes. (Wolf's Law) Spine Center of Gravity Analysis mm A Center of Gravity Analysis 0.00 mm A Center of Gravity Line analysis is constructed in the lateral cervical view; locate the anterior lip of the Sella Turcica. From there drop a vertical plumb line. This line should normally intersect at and anterior disk space at the center point. If it does not intersect at and disc space, then measure the horizontal distance to the vertical plumb line in millimeters. The mean deviation from the center gravity is +/- 5 mm. Pettibon 1997
4 Page: 4 Spine Lateral Neutral [ C7-Skull ] mm AOP C Lateral Neutral [ C7-Skull ] mm AOP C Disc Height Anterior Disc Height Anterior Spine Lateral Neutral [ C7-Skull ] mm AOP C Lateral Neutral [ C7-Skull ] mm AOP C Disc Height Posterior Disc Height Posterior
5 Page: 5 Spine George's Line /, /, /, /C6 and George's Line C6/C7 George's Line is also known as the posterior vertebral alignment line and the posterior body line. George's line is a measure of spinal ligament integrity of the posterior longitudinal ligament and vertebral body alignment. The key landmark is the alignment and integrity of one vertebra to each superior and inferior vertebra. The normal translation or laxity of each vertebral motor unit is 0.0 to 0.6 mm. Normally, there is a smooth vertical alignment of each posterior body corner. Interruption of a smooth curve is suggestive of ligament instability due to fracture, dislocation, trauma with ligamentous subfailure or degenerative joint disease which can cause or aggravate spinal stenosis with resultant altered spinal biomechanics, and degenerative changes.
6 Page: 6 Spine Jackson's Angle Jackson's Angle Ruth Jackson's Angle is also known as Cervical Stress Lines, which is measured by constructing lines of mensuration from the posterior bodies of C-2 and C-7. These lines will form an angle which ordinarily intersect at the - disc interspace in the neutral and extension view and -C6 disc interspace in flexion. The intersection point represents the focus of stress when the cervical spine is placed in the respective position. Muscle spasms, joint fixation, and disc degeneration may alter the stress point. Spine Occiput Angle S Occiput Angle S The occiput angle is an assessment of skull positioning constructed by comparing a true horizontal to the baseline of the occiput. The occiput s relative position is governed by the vestibular and ocular response to the known horizon. Increase or decrease of this angle can indicate biomechanical instability, ligamentous damage, and/or trauma.
7 Page: 7 Spine Spondylolisthesis C: Grade 1 at,,,, C6. Spondylolisthesis (None) Spondylolisthesis is an anterior displacement of 1mm or greater of one vertebral body in relation to the segment immediately below. 1-25% slippage is a Grade I, 26-50% slippage is a Grade II, and 51-75% slippage is a Grade III. Greater than 75% slippage is a Grade IV. Usually, anterior head carriage in the cervical and or degenerative disc disease is seen at the level of the Spondylolisthesis. These measurements can also be considered anterior offsets, and if the offset exceeds 1mm this indicates a functional pathology in one or both forms described above. Spine Lateral Neutral [ C7-Skull ] mm AOP C Lateral Neutral [ C7-Skull ] mm AOP C Vertebra Offset Vertebra Offset Translatory Anterior and Posterior displacement in graphical form is measured from the posterior inferior corner of the body of the superior vertebra to the posterior superior corner of the inferior vertebra. This graph identifies the direction each segment has translated, bringing a clear understanding of which vertebra could be considered treatable. Measurement of 1-3mm is considered to be a subluxation. A displacement of more than 3.5mm in the cervical spine radiographs is considered abnormal and indicates severe ligamentous instability or sub-failure and is a ratable impairment.
8 Page: 8 Spine Vertebra Offset Image Vertebra Offset Image Spine Lateral Extension [C6-Skull] Spine Lateral Flexion [C6-Skull] Atlas/Skull Angle Atlas/Skull Angle The Atlas/Skull Angle is an angular comparison of the plane line of C1 to the plane line of the base of the skull at the level of the foramen magnum. During motion studies the normal range of Atlas/Skull motion is 7 degrees in flexion and 7 degrees in extension. In the healthy lateral neutral spine, the angle is divergent to the posterior. A substantial increased angle in extension would suggest an Alar ligament sub-failure. A reversal of the angle with divergence to the anterior of the spine indicates an extension subluxation. Both of these categories indicate failed biomechanics, abnormal stresses on the ligamentous structures and possible neurologic sequlae.
9 Page: 9 Spine Lateral Extension [C6-Skull] Spine Lateral Flexion [C6-Skull] Base Lines Base Lines The lateral Base Lines are drawn from the inferior epiphyseal plates of each vertebra. This is a qualitative analysis used to assist the physician in determining fixed flexion or fixed extension of vertebra (e). When a base line intersects with the next superior base line during flexion, this indicates the inferior vertebra (e) is fixed in flexion. When a base line intersects with the next inferior vertebra during extension, this indicates the superior vertebra is fixed in extension. If not corrected this may leads to biomechanical dysfunction, which may assist with or lead to premature degenerative changes. (Wolf's Law)
10 Page: 10 Spine Lateral Extension [C6-Skull] Spine Lateral Flexion [C6-Skull] Established Patient ( ) Established Abnormal ( ) Ratable Threshold ( ) 2.49 I I I I Motion Segment Integrity, Angular Motion Segment Integrity Angular of the spine is defined as a target vertebra and two adjacent vertebrae, an intercalated disk, and the vertebral facet joint. The angular loss of integrity is defined as a difference in the angular motion of one vertebra compared to the two adjacent motion segments in response to flexion only. Measurement of 7 to 11 degrees of Angular Variation is considered to be clinically significant and indicative of spinal subluxation and ligament damage (White and Punjabi). Abnormal measurements over 11 degrees or greater of Angular Variation (Loss of Cervical Spine Motion Segment Integrity) by definition (DRE Model) constitutes ligament sub-failure or tear and the result is instability. DRE Category IV defines whole person Impairment of 25% to 28% if the target vertebra angular motion is greater than 11 degrees or more in comparison to the two adjacent vertebral motor units in the cervical and thoracic spine, greater than 15 degrees at L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4 and greater than 20 degrees at L4/L5. This finding qualifies as a ratable impairment. Loss of integrity of the lumbosacral joint is defined as an angular motion between L5/S1 that is greater than 25 degrees greater than motion at L4/L5 level at 20 degrees. (Ref: Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, Errata.)
11 Page: 11 Spine Lateral Extension [C6-Skull] Spine Lateral Flexion [C6-Skull] Established Established Extension Established Ratable Flexion Established Ratable Patient Values Abnormal Threshold Patient Values Abnormal Threshold 5.80 P 2.51 A P 3.29 P P 2.76 A P 3.14 P P 1.91 A P 3.96 P P 0.57 P P 3.23 P Motion Segment Integrity, Translational Motion Segment Integrity, Translational Translational motion is measured by determining the anteroposterior motion of one vertebra over another. Loss of motion is defined by translational motion that is greater than 3.5 mm in the cervical spine, 2.5 mm in the thoracic spine and 4.5 mm in the lumbar spine. Using DRE Cervical Category IV, loss of motion segment integrity may be assessed as 25%-28% Impairement of the Whole Person.Using DRE Lumbar Category IV, loss of motion segment integrity may be assessed as 20%-23 % Impairment of the Whole Person. Spine Lateral Extension [C6-Skull] Spine Lateral Flexion [C6-Skull] Lateral Extension [ C6-Skull ] mm AOP Lateral Flexion [ C6-Skull ] mm AOP Vertebra Offset Vertebra Offset Translatory Anterior and Posterior displacement in graphical form is measured from the posterior inferior corner of the body of the superior vertebra to the posterior superior corner of the inferior vertebra. This graph identifies the direction each segment has translated, bringing a clear understanding of which vertebra could be considered treatable. Measurement of 1-3mm is considered to be a subluxation. A displacement of more than 3.5mm in the cervical spine radiographs is considered abnormal and indicates severe ligamentous instability or sub-failure and is a ratable impairment.
12 Page: 12 Spine Lateral Extension [C6-Skull] Spine Lateral Flexion [C6-Skull] Vertebra Offset Image Vertebra Offset Image
13 Page: 13
14 Page: 14 PATIENT'S NAME: Nechurtz,Mya REFERRED BY: Howard Glans DC DAAMLP DRIT DATE OF FILMS: 12/28/2010 DOB: 5/22/1964 ANALYSIS: 2/9/2011 REPORT: 3/17/2011 DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC BIOMECHANICAL, MENSURATION REPORT This report is compiled upon evidence based objective biomechanical analysis and protocols that have been established for Roentgenometric Digitization of the spine. This evaluation will not include a pathological report. The Digital Radiographic Images used were of acceptable quality and in compliance with normal protocols for X-ray digitization. This report follows the AMA Guidelines to The Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th Edition. The Mensuration Analysis is considered 'Established' by the World Health Organization (WHO) and can be found in the US National Guideline Clearinghouse. Lateral Cervical Spine: FINDINGS»There are abnormal Lateral Baselines.»Centre of Gravity=46.30mm A.»Grade 1 at,,,, C6.»There are abnormal anterior Lateral Vertebral Offsets at,,, and C6. Interruptions of the George's Line at /, /, /, /C6 and C6/C7 are indicative of ligamentous instability or sub failure.»occiput Angle=23.97 ( normal = 16.1 )»Atlas Angle=7.24 ( normal = 21.7 )»Atlas/Axis angle=20.12 ( normal = 0.2 )»Atlas/Skull angle=16.73 ( normal = 5.6 )»Jackson's Angle=12.89 ( normal = 39.9 )»The angular motion segment integrity appears to be compromised at.»the translational motion segment integrity appears to be compromised at, and.
15 Page: 15 CERVICAL IMPRESSIONS : 1.The Centre of Gravity is 46.30mm Anterior. 2.Abnormal straightening of the cervical spine. 3.Lateral Anterior Vertebral Offset (Spondylolisthesis) at, which is a ratable impairment at 6% whole body. Lateral Anterior Vertebral Offset (Spondylolisthesis) at, which is a ratable impairment at 6% whole body. Lateral Anterior Vertebral Offset (Spondylolisthesis) at, which is a ratable impairment at 6% whole body. Lateral Anterior Vertebral Offset (Spondylolisthesis) at, which is a ratable impairment at 6% whole body. Anterior offsets are considered to be extremely unstable motor units. 4.Interruptions of the George's Line at /, /, /, /C6 and C6/C7 are indicative of ligamentous instability or sub failure. 5.Ligamentous instability is suggested in the cervical spine. 6.Cervical motion study (C1-C7) indicates Angular Motion Segment Integrity change at. The impairment of the cervical region is due to ratable Loss of Motion Segment Integrity and is ratable at 25% for cervical spine (AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, Errata). This patient s digital analysis reveals Loss of Motion Integrity at =12.93 Inferior yielding an impairment estimate based on plain film forensics at 25%. 7.Cervical motion study indicates Translational Motion Segment Integrity change at, and. The impairment of the cervical region is due to ratable Loss of Motion Segment Integrity and is ratable at 25% for cervical spine (AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, Errata). This patient s digital analysis reveals Loss of Motion Integrity at =5.80mm Posterior, =5.91mm Posterior and =5.88mm Posterior yielding an impairment estimate based on plain film forensics at 25% whole person. *Measurement of 1mm to 3mm Translation and/or 7 to 11 Angular Variation is considered to be clinically significant and indicative of spinal subluxation and ligamentous damage. (White and Panjabi). *Measurements of 1mm or greater Translation and/or 7 or greater Angular Variation are considered to be clinically significant and in excess of normal flexibility of the cervical spine. (SPINE 2001, February; 26(3):( ), Lin, Tsai, Chu and Chang. **Abnormal Measurements over 11 Angular Variation and/or greater than or equal to 3.5mm Translation in Flexion (Loss of Cervical Spine Motion Segment Integrity) by definition (DRE Model) constitutes ligament damage and the resulting instability. DRE Category IV defines a Whole Person Impairment of 25% to 28%, Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, (Errata) AMA, 2000 Howard Glans D.C. DAAMLP D.R.I.T. Digital Radiographic Imaging Technologist
'Objective Spinal Motion Unit Assessment through AMA Precision Compliant Procedures' Computer Aided Radiographic Mensuration Analysis
PATIENT'S NAME: New, Patient REFERRED BY: Dr. Example, DC DATE OF FILMS: 12/21/2011 DOB: 0/00/0000 AGE: D.O.S. 'Objective Spinal Motion Unit Assessment through AMA Precision Compliant Procedures' Computer
More informationPREPARED FOR. Marsha Eichhorn DATE OF INJURY : N/A DATE OF ANALYSIS : 12/14/2016 DATE OF IMAGES : 12/8/2016. REFERRING DOCTOR : Dr.
Accent on Health Chiropractic 405 Firemans Ave PREPARED FOR Marsha Eichhorn DATE OF INJURY : N/A DATE OF ANALYSIS : 12/14/2016 DATE OF IMAGES : 12/8/2016 REFERRING DOCTOR : Dr. David Bohn This report contains
More informationRadiographic Instability Report
Prepared for: Bad Spine Insurance #: Gender: Male Date of Birth: 8/7/1954 Address: Evaluation Date: 6/29/2013 Date X-Ray Taken: 6/29/2013 Prepared by: Modern Chiropractic Someplace Drive Somewhere Cityville,
More informationSpine Metrics. SPINAL BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY X-Ray Study for Alteration of Motion Segment Integrity (AOMSI)
Spine Metrics Corporate: Billing Inquiries: Tech Support: 520 Huber Park Court, Weldon Spring, MO 63304 520 Huber Park Court, Weldon Spring, MO 63304 636-329-8774 smsubmitfiles@gmail.com Date: 05-03-15
More informationDIAGNOSTIC VIDEOFLUOROSCOPY IMPRESSIONS and BIOMECHANICS REPORT
P.O. Box 6743 New Albany, IN 47151-6743 (812) 945-5515 (812) 945-5632 Fax WWW.KMX.CC DIAGNOSTIC VIDEOFLUOROSCOPY IMPRESSIONS and BIOMECHANICS REPORT Patient Name: Lubna Ibriham Date of Digitization and
More informationSpine Metrics. SPINAL BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDY X-Ray Study for Alteration of Motion Segment Integrity (AOMSI)
Spine Metrics Corporate: Billing Inquiries: Tech Support: 520 Huber Park Court, Weldon Spring, MO 63304 520 Huber Park Court, Weldon Spring, MO 63304 636-329-877 4 smsubmitfiles@gmail.com Patient:., Taiho
More informationHow to Determine the Severity of a Spinal Sprain Outline
Spinal Trauma How to Determine the Severity of a Spinal Sprain Outline Instructor: Dr. Jeffrey A. Cronk, DC, CICE Director of Education, Spinal Kinetics. CICE, American Board of Independent Medical Examiners.
More informationRaymond Wiegand, D.C. Spine Rehabilitation Institute of Missouri
2D Pattern matching of frontal plane radiograph to 3D model identifies structural and functional deficiencies of the spinal pelvic system in consideration of mechanical spine pain (AKA Spine distortion
More informationMechanism of Injury, Trauma, Subluxation and Instability Outline
Spinal Trauma Instructor: Dr. Jeffrey A. Cronk, DC, CICE Director of Education, Spinal Kinetics. CICE, American Board of Independent Medical Examiners. Mechanism of Injury is just something that you must
More informationIt consist of two components: the outer, laminar fibrous container (or annulus), and the inner, semifluid mass (the nucleus pulposus).
Lumbar Spine The lumbar vertebrae are the last five vertebrae of the vertebral column. They are particularly large and heavy when compared with the vertebrae of the cervical or thoracicc spine. Their bodies
More informationImaging of Cervical Spine Trauma Tudor H Hughes, M.D.
Imaging of Cervical Spine Trauma Tudor H Hughes, M.D. General Considerations Most spinal fractures are due to a single episode of major trauma. Fatigue fractures of the spine are unusual except in the
More informationRETROLISTHESIS. Retrolisthesis. is found mainly in the cervical spine and lumbar region but can also be often seen in the thoracic spine
RETROLISTHESIS A retrolisthesis is a posterior displacement of one vertebral body with respect to adjacent vertebrae Typically a vertebra is to be in retrolisthesis position when it translates backward
More informationDigital Motion X-ray Cervical Spine
NAME OF PATIENT: CASE STUDY 4 DATE OF REPORT: DATE OF EXAMINATION: REFERRING PHYSICIAN: TESTING FACILITY: Digital Motion X-ray Cervical Spine 1. In the neutral lateral projection: Shows reversal of the
More informationDr Ajit Singh Moderator Dr P S Chandra Dr Rajender Kumar
BIOMECHANICS OF SPINE Dr Ajit Singh Moderator Dr P S Chandra Dr Rajender Kumar What is biomechanics? Biomechanics is the study of the consequences of application of external force on the spine Primary
More informationMusculoskeletal Development and Sports Injuries in Pediatric Patients
Dynamic Chiropractic October 21, 2010, Vol. 28, Issue 22 Musculoskeletal Development and Sports Injuries in Pediatric Patients By Deborah Pate, DC, DACBR Physical activity is extremely important for everyone,
More informationComprehension of the common spine disorder.
Objectives Comprehension of the common spine disorder. Disc degeneration/hernia. Spinal stenosis. Common spinal deformity (Spondylolisthesis, Scoliosis). Osteoporotic fracture. Anatomy Anatomy Anatomy
More informationObjectives. Comprehension of the common spine disorder
Objectives Comprehension of the common spine disorder Disc degeneration/hernia Spinal stenosis Common spinal deformity (Spondylolisthesis, Scoliosis) Osteoporotic fracture Destructive spinal lesions Anatomy
More informationHuman Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 07: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 07: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton Question No. 1 of 10 Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is correct? Question #01 A. The axial
More informationLigaments of the vertebral column:
In the last lecture we started talking about the joints in the vertebral column, and we said that there are two types of joints between adjacent vertebrae: 1. Between the bodies of the vertebrae; which
More informationOutline. Epidemiology Indications for C-spine imaging Modalities Interpretation Types of fractures
C-Spine Plain Films Outline Epidemiology Indications for C-spine imaging Modalities Interpretation Types of fractures Epidemiology 7000-10000 c-spine injuries treated each year Additional 5000 die at the
More informationfactor for identifying unstable thoracolumbar fractures. There are clinical and radiological criteria
NMJ-Vol :2/ Issue:1/ Jan June 2013 Case Report Medical Sciences Progressive subluxation of thoracic wedge compression fracture with unidentified PLC injury Dr.Thalluri.Gopala krishnaiah* Dr.Voleti.Surya
More informationSUBAXIAL CERVICAL SPINE TRAUMA- DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
SUBAXIAL CERVICAL SPINE TRAUMA- DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT 1 Anatomy 3 columns- Anterior, middle and Posterior Anterior- ALL, Anterior 2/3 rd body & disc. Middle- Posterior 1/3 rd of body & disc, PLL Posterior-
More informationWhy does sideflexion increase ipsilateral vertebral artery occlusion with contralateral atlanto-axial rotation? Thomas Langer
Why does sideflexion increase ipsilateral vertebral artery occlusion with contralateral atlanto-axial rotation? Thomas Langer 1 Introduction When the head and neck are placed in the premanipulative position
More informationPatient Information MIS LLIF. Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Patient Information MIS LLIF Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques Table of Contents Anatomy of Spine....2 General Conditions of the Spine....4 What is Spondylolisthesis....5
More informationThe Biomechanics of the Human Spine. Basic Biomechanics, 6 th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
Chapter 9 The Biomechanics of the Human Spine Structure of the Spine The spine is a curved stack of 33 vertebrae structurally divided into five regions: cervical region - 7 vertebrae thoracic region -
More informationESSENTIALS OF PLAIN FILM INTERPRETATION: SPINE DR ASIF SAIFUDDIN
ESSENTIALS OF PLAIN FILM INTERPRETATION: SPINE DR ASIF SAIFUDDIN Consultant Musculoskeletal Radiologist Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore,UK. INTRODUCTION 2 INTRODUCTION 3 INTRODUCTION Spinal
More informationSubaxial Cervical Spine Trauma. Introduction. Anatomic Considerations 7/23/2018
Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma Sheyan J. Armaghani, MD Florida Orthopedic Institute Assistant Professor USF Dept of Orthopedics Introduction Trauma to the cervical spine accounts for 5 of all spine injuries
More informationPatient Information MIS LLIF. Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Patient Information MIS LLIF Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques Table of Contents Anatomy of Spine...2 General Conditions of the Spine....4 What is Spondylolisthesis....5
More informationCervical Spine Anatomy and Biomechanics. Typical Cervical Vertebra C3 6. Typical Cervical Vertebra Anterior 10/5/2017
Cervical Spine Anatomy and Biomechanics Typical Cervical Vertebra C3 6 Small, relatively broad body Bifid SpinousProcess Long and narrow laminae Spinal Canal: large, triangular; remarkably consistent dimensions
More informationOriginal Date: October 2015 LUMBAR SPINAL FUSION FOR
National Imaging Associates, Inc. Clinical guidelines Original Date: October 2015 LUMBAR SPINAL FUSION FOR Page 1 of 9 INSTABILITY AND DEGENERATIVE DISC CONDITIONS FOR CMS (MEDICARE) MEMBERS ONLY CPT4
More informationGeneral Questions. These are designed to be general answers to general questions.
General Questions These are designed to be general answers to general questions. Q: What is x-ray digitization or as it is commonly called today; CRMA (Computerized Radiographic Mensuration Analysis)?
More informationHuman Anatomy - Problem Drill 06: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton & Articualtions
Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 06: The Skeletal System Axial Skeleton & Articualtions Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper
More informationCommon fracture & dislocation of the cervical spine. Theerachai Apivatthakakul Department of Orthopaedic Chiangmai University
Common fracture & dislocation of the cervical spine Theerachai Apivatthakakul Department of Orthopaedic Chiangmai University Objective Anatomy Mechanism and type of injury PE.and radiographic evaluation
More informationInduction and Maintenance of Lordosis in MultiLevel ACDF Using Allograft. Saad Khairi, MD Jennifer Murphy Robert S. Pashman, MD
Induction and Maintenance of Lordosis in MultiLevel ACDF Using Allograft Saad Khairi, MD Jennifer Murphy Robert S. Pashman, MD Purpose Is lordosis induced by multilevel cortical allograft ACDF placed on
More informationSpinal Cord Injuries: The Basics. Kadre Sneddon POS Rounds October 1, 2003
Spinal Cord Injuries: The Basics Kadre Sneddon POS Rounds October 1, 2003 Anatomy Dorsal columntouch, vibration Corticospinal tract- UMN Anterior horn-lmn Spinothalamic tractpain, temperature (contralateral)
More informationCERVICAL SPINE EVALUATION MARK FIGUEROA PHYSICAL THERAPIST
CERVICAL SPINE EVALUATION MARK FIGUEROA PHYSICAL THERAPIST OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL REASONING Stage of disorder Pathoanatomical diagnosis Signs and symptoms Consideration of the evidence gathered Common sense
More informationDevelopment of a Novel Biofedelic Skull-Neck- Thorax Model Capable of Quantifying Motions of aged Cervical Spine
Yale University EliScholar A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library School of Medicine 11-23-2009 Development of a Novel Biofedelic Skull-Neck- Thorax Model
More informationAO CLASSIFICATIONS THORACO-LUMBAR SPINAL INJURIES
AO CLASSIFICATIONS THORACO-LUMBAR SPINAL INJURIES T H E A O / A S I F ( A R B E I T S G E M E I N S C H A F T F Ü R O S T E O S Y N T H E S E F R A G E N / A S S O C I A T I O N F O R T H E S T U D Y O
More informationPOSTERIOR CERVICAL FUSION
AN INTRODUCTION TO PCF POSTERIOR CERVICAL FUSION This booklet provides general information on the Posterior Cervical Fusion (PCF) surgical procedure for you to discuss with your physician. It is not meant
More informationAnterior Cervical Subluxation: An Unstable Position
275 Anterior Cervical Subluxation: An Unstable Position, 1 A. T. Scher1 The radioiogic signs of cervical anterior subluxation are subtle. Even when recognized, the injury may not be considered significant.
More informationASSESSMENT OF SPINO-PELVIC MORPHOMETRY, A PREDICTOR OF LUMBOSACRAL INSTABILITY
Research article 45 East African Orthopaedic Journal ASSESSMENT OF SPINO-PELVIC MORPHOMETRY, A PREDICTOR OF LUMBOSACRAL INSTABILITY J.M. Muthuuri, MBChB, MMed (Surg), H.Dip.Orth (SA), FCS (ECSA), Consultant
More informationFractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine and thoracolumbar transition
Most spinal column injuries occur in the thoracolumbar transition, the area between the lower thoracic spine and the upper lumbar spine; over half of all vertebral fractures involve the 12 th thoracic
More informationSpinal Dynamics I: The Axio-atlanto-occipital Assemblage
Spinal Dynamics I: The Axio-atlanto-occipital Assemblage Bones interact through joints. The relative placements of bones across joints determine how they move in space. In this section we will consider
More informationThe craniocervical junction
Anver Jameel, MD The craniocervical junction A biomechanical and anatomical unit that extends from the skull base to C2 Includes the clivus, foramen magnum and contiguous occipital bone, the occipital
More informationKinematic Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Low-Impact Trauma Assessment
Kinematic Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Low-Impact Trauma Assessment 1 Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MRI June 2009; Volume 30; Number 3; pp. 168-173 Vincenzo Giuliano, MD, Antonio Pinto,
More informationPatient Information MIS TLIF. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Patient Information MIS TLIF Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques MIS TLIF Table of Contents Anatomy of Spine..............................................
More informationRiver North Pain Management Consultants, S.C., Axel Vargas, M.D., Regional Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management.
River North Pain Management Consultants, S.C., Axel Vargas, M.D., Regional Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management. Chicago, Illinois, 60611 Phone: (888) 951-6471 Fax: (888) 961-6471 Clinical
More informationRadiology of Cervical Spine Trauma. Cervical Spine Trauma. Imaging Standards. Canadian C. Spine Rule 11/28/2016
Radiology of Cervical Spine Trauma Dr. Steven J. Gould, D.C. Board Certified Chiropractic Radiologist Cleveland Chiropractic College, KC. MO. Radiology Residency at CCC, KC Cervical Spine Trauma Vertebral
More informationBlair Radiology Exam Examination Packet
Blair Radiology Exam Examination Packet This packet is made of up five sections: Examiner s Instructions, Applicant Requirements, Analysis Rubric, Overall Result and Comments and Exam Form. The Exam Form
More informationQuality of Life. Quality of Motion.
Quality of Life. Quality of Motion. Lateral Bend Vertical Translation Flexion Extension Lateral Translation Axial Rotation Anterior Posterior Translation Motion in all Directions Kinematics is the study
More informationUpper Cervical Spine - Occult Injury and Trigger for CT Exam
Upper Cervical Spine - Occult Injury and Trigger for CT Exam Main Menu Introduction Clinical clearance of C-SpineC Radiographic evaluation Norms for C-spineC Triggers for CT exam: Odontoid Lateral view
More informationBiomechanics of compensatory mechanisms in spinal-pelvic complex
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Biomechanics of compensatory mechanisms in spinal-pelvic complex To cite this article: D V Ivanov et al 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 991 012036 View
More informationSpinal deformities, such as increased thoracic
An Original Study Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Sagittal Imbalance: A New Radiographic Assessment Hossein Elgafy, MD, MCh, FRCS Ed, FRCSC, Rick Bransford, MD, Hassan Semaan, MD, and Theodore
More informationQME AMA Impairment Ratings (6hrs) ~ Glenn Crafts, DC ~ Back to Chiropractic CE Seminars
QME AMA Impairment Ratings (6hrs) ~ Glenn Crafts, DC ~ Back to Chiropractic CE Seminars Instructions: Answer all questions and email answers to: marcusstrutzdc@gmail.com Please DO NOT scan tests or test
More informationSpinal canal stenosis Degenerative diseases F 06
What is spinal canal stenosis? The condition known as spinal canal stenosis is a narrowing (stenosis) of the spinal canal that in most cases develops due to the degenerative (wear-induced) deformation
More informationAm I eligible for the TOPS study? Possibly, if you suffer from one or more of the following conditions:
Am I eligible for the TOPS study? Possibly, if you suffer from one or more of the following conditions: Radiating leg pain Greater leg / buttock pain than back pain Severe pain sets in when walking as
More informationsubluxation: a radiographic comparison
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1980, 39, 485-489 Cervical collars in rheumatoid atlanto-axial subluxation: a radiographic comparison BO ALTHOFF AND IAN F. GOLDIE From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
More informationTraction. Process of drawing or pulling apart. May involve distraction and gliding. Pulling 2 articulating surfaces away from each other
Traction Process of drawing or pulling apart May involve distraction and gliding Pulling 2 articulating surfaces away from each other Axis Traction in line with the long axis of a part Types of Traction
More informationBasic AMA Impairment Ratings for Chiropractors CE Exam 6 Hours ~ Back to Chiropractic CE Seminars
Basic AMA Impairment Ratings for Chiropractors CE Exam 6 Hours ~ Back to Chiropractic CE Seminars Simply list your answers (write down letter choice only: in a NUMBERED vertical column and email to: marcusstrutzdc@gmail.com
More informationPatient Information MIS TLIF. Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
Patient Information MIS TLIF Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques MIS TLIF Table of Contents Anatomy of Spine...2 General Conditions of the Spine...4 6 MIS-TLIF
More information102 Results RESULTS. Age Mean=S.D Range 42= years -84 years Number % <30 years years >50 years
102 Results RESULTS A total of 50 cases were studied 39 males and 11females.Their age ranged between 16 years and 84 years (mean 42years). T1 and T2WI were acquired for all cases in sagittal and axial
More informationKey Primary CPT Codes: Refer to pages: 7-9 Last Review Date: October 2016 Medical Coverage Guideline Number:
National Imaging Associates, Inc. Clinical guidelines CERVICAL SPINE SURGERY: ANTERI CERVICAL DECOMPRESSION WITH FUSION CERVICAL POSTERI DECOMPRESSION WITH FUSION CERVICAL ARTIFICIAL DISC CERVICAL POSTERI
More informationAPPENDICULAR SKELETON 126 AXIAL SKELETON SKELETAL SYSTEM. Cranium. Skull. Face. Skull and associated bones. Auditory ossicles. Associated bones.
SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 AXIAL SKELETON 80 APPENDICULAR SKELETON 26 Skull Skull and associated s 29 Cranium Face Auditory ossicles 8 4 6 Associated s Hyoid Thoracic cage 25 Sternum Ribs 24 Vertebrae 24 column
More informationSpinal Column. Anatomy Of The Spine
Anatomy Of The Spine The spine is a flexible column, composed of a stack of individual bones. Each bone is called a vertebra. There are seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae) twelve in the thoracic
More informationArtificial intervertebral disc
The University of Toledo The University of Toledo Digital Repository Master s and Doctoral Projects Artificial intervertebral disc Vikas Ghai Medical University of Ohio Follow this and additional works
More informationTHE SPINE AMA GUIDES CHAPTER 15
THE SPINE AMA GUIDES CHAPTER 15 Tim Mussack Marlene Phillips Bradford & Barthel, LLP AMA Analysis and Ratings Division HOUSEKEEPING ITEMS To control background noise, all attendees will be muted. Access
More informationPatient Information ACDF. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Patient Information ACDF Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Table of Contents Anatomy of the Spine...2-3 General Conditions of the Cervical Spine...4 5 What is an ACDF?...6 How is an ACDF performed?...7
More informationFacet orientation in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis
35 J. Tokyo Med. Univ., 71 1 35 0 Facet orientation in patients with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis Wuqikun ALIMASI, Kenji ENDO, Hidekazu SUZUKI, Yasunobu SAWAJI, Hirosuke NISHIMURA, Hidetoshi TANAKA,
More informationSURGICAL TECHNIQUE GUIDE TRESTLE. Anterior Cervical Plating System
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE GUIDE TRESTLE Anterior Cervical Plating System 2 SURGICAL TECHNIQUE GUIDE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE GUIDE System Features Large window enables visualization of graft site and end plates Screw
More informationPoster # Posterior Ligamentous Tension During Flexion of Human Cadaver Cervical Spine Specimens
Poster #48 2003 Posterior Ligamentous Tension During Flexion of Human Cadaver Cervical Spine Specimens Robert K. Hurford, Jr., MD, PhD (Chesterfield, MO), Richard M. Ozuna, MD (Boston, MA) INTRODUCTION:
More informationSpinal Deformity Pathologies and Treatments
Spinal Deformity Pathologies and Treatments Scoliosis Spinal Deformity 3-dimensional deformity affecting all 3 planes Can be difficult to visualize with 2-dimensional radiographs Kyphosis Deformity affecting
More informationRhino Report of Findings Script
1. Introduction Rhino Report of Findings Script (This script is for demonstration purposes only.) Good evening Susan, Jim I am Dr.. It is a pleasure to meet you. I appreciate you coming tonight. We asked
More informationPosture. Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 10 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa
Posture Kinesiology RHS 341 Lecture 10 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Posture = body alignment = the relative arrangement of parts of the body Changes with the positions and movements of the body throughout the day
More informationthe cervical spine in early rheumatoid disease
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1981, 40, 109-114 A prospective study of the radiological changes in the cervical spine in early rheumatoid disease J. WINFIELD, D. COOKE,' A. S. BROOK,2 AND MARY CORBETT
More informationBiomechanics of Interspinous Process Fixation and Lateral Modular Plate Fixation to Support Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)
Biomechanics of Interspinous Process Fixation and Lateral Modular Plate Fixation to Support Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) Calusa Ambulatory Spine Conference 2016 Jason Inzana, PhD 1 ; Anup Gandhi,
More informationo Diaphysis o Area where red marrow is found o Area where yellow marrow is found o Epiphyseal plate AXIAL SKELETON Skull
64 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook 7. Figure 5-2A is a midlevel, cross-sectional view of the diaphysis of the femur. Label the membrane that lines the cavity and the membrane that covers the outside
More informationProDisc-L Total Disc Replacement. IDE Clinical Study.
ProDisc-L Total Disc Replacement. IDE Clinical Study. A multi-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Instruments and implants approved by the AO Foundation Table of Contents Indications, Contraindications
More informationCraniovertebral Junction Embryology and Anatomy. Presented by: Amandeep Moderators: S.S.Kale G.D.Satyarthi. CVJ-Embryology & Anatomy
Craniovertebral Junction Embryology and Anatomy Presented by: Amandeep Moderators: S.S.Kale G.D.Satyarthi CVJ-Embryology & Anatomy CVJ-Embryology SOMITE-The building block of vertebrae, skeletal muscle
More informationTechnique Guide. ECD Expandable Corpectomy Device. Continuously Expandable Vertebral Body Replacement for Tumour Cases.
Technique Guide ECD Expandable Corpectomy Device. Continuously Expandable Vertebral Body Replacement for Tumour Cases. Table of Contents Introduction Overview 2 AO ASIF Principles 4 Indications and Contraindications
More informationDEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
AN INTRODUCTION TO DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS This booklet is designed to inform you about lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. It is not meant to replace any personal conversations that you might
More informationSpine. Neuroradiology. Spine. Spine Pathology. Distribution of fractures. Radiological algorithm. Role of radiology 18/11/2015
Spine Neuroradiology Spine Prof.Dr.Nail Bulakbaşı X Ray: AP/L/Oblique Vertebra & disc spaces CT & CTA Vertebra, discs, vessels MRI & MRA Vertebra, disc, vessels, meninges Spinal cord & nerves Myelography
More informationVERTEBRAL COLUMN VERTEBRAL COLUMN
VERTEBRAL COLUMN FUNCTIONS: 1) Support weight - transmits weight to pelvis and lower limbs 2) Houses and protects spinal cord - spinal nerves leave cord between vertebrae 3) Permits movements - *clinical
More informationInjury Mechanisms of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc During Simulated Whiplash. Spine: Volume 29(11) June 1, 2004 pp
1 Injury Mechanisms of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc During Simulated Whiplash Spine: Volume 29(11) June 1, 2004 pp 1217-1225 Panjabi, Manohar M. PhD; Ito, Shigeki MD; Pearson, Adam M. BA; Ivancic,
More informationSubaxial Cervical Spine Trauma Dr Hesarikia BUMS
Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma Dr. Hesarikia BUMS Subaxial Cervical Spine From C3-C7 ROM Majority of cervical flexion Lateral bending Approximately 50% rotation Ligamentous Anatomy Anterior ALL, PLL, intervertebral
More informationThe vault bones Frontal Parietals Occiput Temporals Sphenoid Ethmoid
The Vertebral Column Head, Neck and Spine Bones of the head Some consider the bones of the head in terms of the vault bones and the facial bones hanging off the front of them The vault bones Frontal Parietals
More informationAutomatic Classification System for Lumbar Spine X-ray Images
Automatic Classification System for Lumbar Spine X-ray Images Soontharee Koompairojn Kien A. Hua School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32816 {soonthar,
More informationClarification of Terms
Clarification of Terms The Spine, Spinal Column, and Vertebral Column are synonymous terms referring to the bony components housing the spinal cord Spinal Cord = made of nervous tissue Facet = a small,
More informationProDisc-L Total Disc Replacement. IDE Clinical Study
Total Disc Replacement IDE Clinical Study Study Design TDR vs. circumferential fusion: Multi-center, prospective, randomized trial 17 centers, 292 patients 162 patients 80 fusion patients 50 non-randomized
More informationFlexion Distraction Injuries in the Thoracolumbar Spine: An In Vitro Study of the Relation Between Flexion Angle and the Motion Axis of Fracture
Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 139 143 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc., Philadelphia Flexion Distraction Injuries in the Thoracolumbar Spine: An In Vitro Study of
More informationClarification of Terms
Clarification of Terms The Spine, Spinal Column, and Vertebral Column are synonymous terms referring to the bony components housing the spinal cord Spinal Cord = made of nervous tissue Facet = a small,
More informationChiro-Tech IV Midterm Questions
hiro-tech IV Midterm Questions 1. What is NOT a factor in shaping the Lumbar lordosis?. Wedge shaped L-S IV.. L5 vertebral body is wedge-shaped.. The size of the Sacrum.. Inclination of the vertebrae above
More informationA morphometric study of the Pedicles of dry human typical lumbar vertebrae
Original article: A morphometric of the Pedicles of dry human typical lumbar vertebrae Dhaval K. Patil 1 *, Pritha S. Bhuiyan 2 1Resident, Department of Anatomy, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai-400012,
More informationIN VIVO CERVICAL SPINE KINEMATICS, ARTHROKINEMATICS AND DISC LOADING IN ASYMPTOMATIC CONTROL SUBJECTS AND ANTERIOR FUSION PATIENTS.
IN VIVO CERVICAL SPINE KINEMATICS, ARTHROKINEMATICS AND DISC LOADING IN ASYMPTOMATIC CONTROL SUBJECTS AND ANTERIOR FUSION PATIENTS by William Anderst BS in Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame,
More informationClarification of Terms
Clarification of Terms The Spine, Spinal Column, and Vertebral Column are synonymous terms referring to the bony components housing the spinal cord Spinal Cord = made of nervous tissue Facet = a small,
More informationKINEMATIC RESPONSE OF THE L4-L5 FUNCTIONAL SPINAL UNIT AFTER A LATERAL LUMBAR FUSION SURGERY
Proceedings of the 1 st Iberic Conference on Theoretical and Experimental Mechanics and Materials / 11 th National Congress on Experimental Mechanics. Porto/Portugal 4-7 November 2018. Ed. J.F. Silva Gomes.
More informationThoracic and Lumbar Spine Anatomy.
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Anatomy www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz Thoracic Vertebrae Bodies Pedicles Laminae Spinous Processes Transverse Processes Inferior & Superior Facets Distinguishing Feature Costal Fovea
More informationInjury Criteria Analysis Plan
GTR 7 Informal Working Group June 10, 2011 Washington DC GTR7-07-06 Injury Criteria Analysis Plan Kevin Moorhouse, Ph.D. NHTSA Yun-Seok Kang Ohio State University Rear Impact Research Objectives Evaluate
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
E. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 1. The vertebral column extends from the skull to the pelvis and forms the vertical axis of the skeleton. 2. The vertebral column is composed of vertebrae that are separated by intervertebral
More informationORIGINAL PAPER. Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine,Nagoya,Japan 2
Nagoya J. Med. Sci. 80. 583 589, 2018 doi:10.18999/nagjms.80.4.583 ORIGINAL PAPER Evaluation of sagittal alignment and range of motion of the cervical spine using multi-detector- row computed tomography
More information