Injury Criteria Analysis Plan
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1 GTR 7 Informal Working Group June 10, 2011 Washington DC GTR Injury Criteria Analysis Plan Kevin Moorhouse, Ph.D. NHTSA Yun-Seok Kang Ohio State University
2 Rear Impact Research Objectives Evaluate biofidelity of available RIDs (BioRID, RID3D, HyIII) Choose biofidelity test condition Develop experimental seat for rear impact sled testing Conduct sled tests PMHS (Post-Mortem Human Subjects) Dummies (BioRID II, RID3D, Hybrid III) Assess biofidelity and repeatability of dummies Investigate the mechanism of injury Develop and validate 3-D cervical spine kinematic instrumentation Identify injurious kinematics Choose appropriate injury criterion Assess efficacy of various ICs
3 ωx ωx C2 C3 C5 C4 C6 C7 T1 ωx ωx ωx ωx ωx ωx C2 C3 C5 C4 C6 C7 T1 Rear Impact Injury Mechanism Rear Impact Injury Mechanism
4 Cervical Kinematics (Generic Geometry) Including seat/sled translation T1 Fixed Head CG C2 C4 C6 T1
5 Documentation of Injuries
6 Injury Examples (Post-test CT) C3/C4 C7/T1 C4/C5 C7/T1 <Disc rupture w fracture> <Facet joint> <CT sagittal view>
7 Documentation of Injuries : disc rupture : subluxation : laceration (tear) <lateral view> PMHS03 PMHS04 PMHS05 PMHS06 PMHS07 PMHS08 <posterior view> <posterior view> C2 C3 C4 C5 facet joint capsule interspinous ligament C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 anterior longitudinal ligament ligamentum flavum C6 C6 C7 C7 T1 T1
8 Documentation of Injuries PMHS #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 C2/C3 FJ (AIS3) C3/C4 FJ (AIS3) FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum(ais1) C4/C5 FJ (AIS3) FJ (AIS3) FJ (AIS3) FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum/interspinous lig(ais1) C5/C6 FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum/interspinous lig(ais1) FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum/interspinous lig(ais1) Facet joint capsule tear on right side/ degeneration disc-mild subluxation(ais1) C6/C7 ligamentum flavum Interspinous (AIS1)& interspinous lig lig(ais1) (AIS1) Anterior longitudinal lig tear (posterior intact), Severe FJ on both sides, ligamentum flavumtear, Disc injury w ruptured (AIS3), Interspinous lig tear (AIS1) Seperationof degenerative disc, right side close to spinousprocess, facet joint capsule tear on the right side (AIS1) C7/T1 Anterior longitudinal lig. tear (posterior intact), FJ capsule tear on both sides, ligamentum flavumtear on left side, Disc rupture w fracture (AIS3), Interspinouslig. tear (AIS1) Seperationof degenerative disc
9 IV-NIC Calculation
10 IV-NIC Calculation Physiological Relative Rotation (Panjabi, 2005) Physiological Flexion(-)/Extension(+) Max values Flexion/Extension C2/C3-5.4(2.3)/+3.6(1.8) -7.7/+5.4 C3/C4-5.7(2.7)/+4.2(1.9) -8.4/+6.1 C4/C5-7.6(2.7)/+6.7(2.9) -10.3/+9.6 C5/C6-7.7(4.5)/+6.5(3.5) -12.2/+10.0 IV NIC = Θ trauma C6/C7-8.0(1.6)/+7.1(2.2) -9.6/+9.3 Θ physiological C7/T1-3.7(1.6)/+3.1(1.1) -5.3/+4.2
11 IV-NIC Results C2/C3 C3/C4 C4/C5 C5/C6 C6/C7 IV-NIC (Rotation) PMHS03 PMHS04 PMHS05 PMHS06 PMHS07 PMHS08 Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate ** ** C7/T
12 IV-NIC Results C2/C3 C3/C4 C4/C5 C5/C6 C6/C7 IV-NIC (Rotation) PMHS03 PMHS04 PMHS05 PMHS06 PMHS07 PMHS08 Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate ** ** C7/T
13 Qualitative Correlation - IV-NIC and Injuries Injury Documentation PMHS03 PMHS04 PMHS05 PMHS06 PMHS07 PMHS08 C2/C3 Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) C3/C4 Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum C4/C5 Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum/interspinous lig. C5/C6 Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum/interspinous lig. Subluxation bilateral@ FJ (AIS3) and ligametum flavum/interspinous lig. Facet joint capsule tear on right side/ degeneration discmild subluxation C6/C7 C7/T1 Subluxation bilateral@ ligamentum flavum & interspinous lig. Anterior longitudinal lig. tear (posterior intact), FJ capsule tear on both sides, Seperation of degenerative ligamentum flavum tear on disc left side, Disc injury w ruptured (AIS3), Interspinous lig. tear (AIS1) Interspinous lig Anterior longitudinal lig. tear (posterior intact), Severe FJ on both sides, ligamentum flavum tear, Disc injury w ruptured (AIS3), Interspinous lig. tear (AIS1) Seperation of degenerative disc, ligamentum flavum right side close to spinous process, facet joint capsule tear on the right side
14 Qualitative Correlation - IV-NIC and Injuries C2/C3 C3/C4 C4/C5 C5/C6 C6/C7 IV-NIC (Rotation) PMHS03 PMHS04 PMHS05 PMHS06 PMHS07 PMHS08 Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate ** ** C7/T
15 Injury Criteria Analysis Plan
16 Injury Analysis Plan Analogous process for displacement Disptrauma, i IV NICShear, i = Disp IV NIC ial, i = Disp Disp physiological,i trauma, i physiological,i Correlation? Yes Possibly linear combination of translational and rotational IV-NIC IV NIC Comb, i = IV NICi + IV NICShear, i + IV NIC ial, i
17 Cervical Kinematics (detailed geometry) Detailed cervical model PMHS0 1 PMHS04 PMHS05 PMHS07 PMHS08 Sagittal View from CT
18 Cervical Kinematics (detailed geometry) Detailed cervical model able to calculate strain and strain rate between vertebrae PMHS07 correlation between strain/strain rate and injuries at each level
19 Cervical Kinematics (detailed geometry) Detailed cervical model able to calculate strain and strain rate between vertebrae PMHS07 correlation between strain/strain rate and injuries at each level
20 Injury Analysis Plan Correlation between injury / IV-NIC and existing injury criteria Injuries IV NIC i IV, NIC ial i IV, NIC Shear i IV, NIC Comb i Strain Strain Rate Correlation? Yes NIC = 0.2 a rel + vrel N F x = + km F M y int M int LNL index( t) = + 2 My Fx lower lower NDC, Nij Head-to-T1 Rotation Upper/Lower Fx, Fz, My T1G Rebound V Any physical parameters ( t) C ( t) C 2 + Mx moment 2 + Fy shear lower lower ( t) ( t) Fz C lower tension ( t) Select correlated variables for injury risk curves (IARV) for PMHS
21 Injury Analysis Plan PMHS and BioRID II in identical test conditions <PMHS> <BioRIDII> Scaling technique for IARV(s) Transfer function for IARV(s) <Intervertebral C4/C5>
22 Injury Criteria Analysis Plan Analysis completed to date Incorporated subject-specific vertebral geometry Documented all injuries/damage Calculated corresponding IV-NIC values Demonstrated qualitative correlation between injuries and IV-NIC
23 Injury Criteria Analysis Plan Analysis plan for next meeting Calculate IV-NIC and IV-NIC shear axial Calculate intervertebral strain and strain rate Quantitative correlation Physical injuries IV-NIC criteria strain /strain rate All of the above Rear impact injury criteria Develop injury risk curves for PMHS using appropriate IARV PMHS IARV / risk curves BioRID II IARV / risk curves
24 Thanks for your attention Questions?
25 PMHS Test Matrix 7 PMHS at each speed PMHS Test Number Test Speed Driver Side Dummy 1 M PMHS 01 2 L (4) PMHS 02 3 L/M PMHS 03 4 L/M PMHS 04 5 L/M PMHS 05 6 L/M PMHS 06 7 L/M PMHS 07 8 L/M PMHS 08
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