Embolization Therapy: Pulmonary AVMs; Veno-Venous Collaterals. Matthew J. Gillespie MD, FSCAI The Children s Hospital of Philadelphia

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1 Embolization Therapy: Pulmonary AVMs; Veno-Venous Collaterals Matthew J. Gillespie MD, FSCAI The Children s Hospital of Philadelphia SCAI Fellows Course 2014 December 8, 2014

2 Presenter Disclosure Information Matthew J. Gillespie, MD No Relevant Disclosures

3 Tools for Embolization (Particles) Coils Vascular plugs

4 Tools for Embolization: Coils

5 Tools for Embolization: AVP1

6 Tools for Embolization: AVP2

7 Tools for Embolization: AVP4

8 Pulmonary AVMs: Defined Primary: fistulous connection between PA and Pulmonary vein Osler-Weber-Rendu (HHT) Secondary: PAVMs in palliated single ventricle pts Especially Heterotaxy patients

9 Pulmonary AVMs: primary case examples

10 Newborn Profound hypoxia Pulmonary AVMs: case 1

11 Newborn Profound hypoxia Pulmonary AVMs: case 1

12 Pulmonary AVMs: case 1 Newborn Profound hypoxia AVP1 pre release

13 Pulmonary AVMs: case 1 Newborn Profound hypoxia AVP1 POST release

14 Pulmonary AVMs: primary case 2

15 Newborn Profound hypoxia Pulmonary AVMs: case 2

16 Newborn Profound hypoxia Pulmonary AVMs: case 2

17 Pulmonary AVMs: case 2 Newborn Profound hypoxia AVP2 pre release

18 Pulmonary AVMs: case 2 Newborn Profound hypoxia AVP2 POST release

19 PAVMs in Palliated Single Ventricle Patients

20 PAVMs in Palliated Single Ventricle Patients spongiform ground glass nodular Rapid transit just plain ol ugly

21 Pulmonary AVMs in Palliated Single Ventricle CHD Pulmonary AVMs are common in pts with heterotaxy and interrupted IVC after cavopulmonary connection Thought to be related in part to absence of unidentified hepatic factor in pulmonary blood supply After Bidirectional Glenn (Kawashima) Slide courtesy of Doff McElhinney After Fontan with Hepatic Venous Flow Streaming

22 Diagnosis of Pulmonary AVMs in Patients with Heterotaxy and Single Ventricle CHD Clinical Suspicion Contrast echo CT or MRI (large AVMs) Catheterization Pulmonary venous desaturation Rapid transpulmonary transit Spongiform appearance May be subtle or significant

23 Prevention of PAVMs At/after BDG/Kawashima Skip BDG and go straight to Fontan completion Leave additional source of pulmonary blood flow at the time of BDG (antegrade, BT shunt) Rapid staging from BDG to Fontan At/after total cavopulmonary connection (Fontan) Ensure bilateral distribution of hepatic venous blood Understand systemic venous anatomy - 1 or 2 SVCs - Lateral relationship of hepatic veins and SVC Various surgical strategies Slide courtesy of Doff McElhinney

24 Y Graft Fontan to promote hepatic flow to the LPA Prevention of PAVMs

25 Y Graft Fontan to promote hepatic flow to the LPA Prevention of PAVMs

26 Treatment of PAVMs Once They Are Present (Embolize) Provide hepatic venous flow to the affected lung (Surgical OR Catheter based) - Hepatic vein inclusion - Revise the Fontan connection - Brachial AV fistula Lobectomy/pneumonectomy Slide courtesy of Doff McElhinney

27 Embolization Therapy

28 Embolization of Pulmonary AVMs Not A Definitive Therapy

29 Jack Rome MD Re-routing Hepatic venous flow

30 Jack Rome MD Re-routing Hepatic venous flow

31

32 Veno-venous decompression

33 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients Two Basic Varieties 1. Systemic-to-systemic connections BDG patients decompressing to IVC 2. Systemic-to-Pulmonary vein connections BDG and Fontan Pts

34 Elevated CVP in great veins leads to venous decompression and reverse flow in existing systemic venous channels Veno-venous decompression

35 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients

36 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients

37 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients

38 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients

39 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients

40 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients

41 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients

42 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients: Case 2 systemic-to-systemic connection Reverse flow in accessory hemiazygos

43 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients: Case 2 AVP2 pre-release

44 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients: Case 2 Post AVP2 placement

45 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients: Case 3

46 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients: Case 3

47 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients: Case 3

48 Veno-venous collaterals in palliated Single Ventricle Patients: Case 3 = Systemic-to-pulmonary vein

49 Summary Pulmonary AVMs May present as large fistulous connection in newborn period (rare) Associated with Osler-Weber-Rendu (HHT) In CHD: Most often seen in palliated single ventricle patients ESPECIALLY HETEROTAXY pts Prevention would be ideal Treatment is difficult Embolization is not a permanent fix Catheter-based rerouting shows hope Veno-venous collaterals in palliated single Ventricle patients Systemic-to-systemic (BDG pts) Systemic-to-pulmonary (BDG and Fontan)

50 Thank You

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