KRISS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE OF ULTRASOUND EXPOSURE PARAMETERS AND PREPARATION OF ULTRASOUND POWER KEY COMPARISON IN APMP

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1 KRISS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE OF ULTRASOUND EXPOSURE PARAMETERS AND PREPARATION OF ULTRASOUND POWER KEY COMPARISON IN APMP Date: 22 nd Sep Yong Tae KIM Center for Medical Metrology, KRISS

2 INTRODUCTION HITU is an emerging technology for non-invasive therapy in medicine. Hyperthermia (~ 43 C) 1),2) Solid tumor treatment by thermal ablation 3) Reduce blood perfusion or control blood hemorrhage 4) BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) opening for doxorubicin delivery to the brain 5) Sonoporation for local delivery of gene/drug (modify the permeability of cell plasma membrane) Histotripsy (cut by liquefy the tumor) Lithotripsy (pulverize the kidney stone) Neuro-stimulation The impact and availability of HITU is increasing in medicine. To increase reliability of HITU, it is necessary to challenge HITU power. 1. P.P.Lee, Induction of Deep, Local Hyperthermia by Ultrasound and Electromagnetic field. Problems and Choices, Radiat. Environ. BioPhys. Vol. 17, pp (1980). 2. Diederich C.J., Hynynen K, Ultrasound Technology for Hyperthermia, Ultrason. Med. Biol. Vol. 25, No. 6, pp (1999) 3. Yu-Feng Zhou, High intensity focused ultrasound in clinical tumor ablation, World J. Clin. Oncol. 2011; 2(1): Jeffrey M. Perlman, M.B., Steven Goodman, M.D., Katherine L. Kreusser, M.D., and Joseph J. Volpe, M.D. Reduction in Intraventricular Hemorrhage by Elimination of Fluctuating Cerebral Blood-Flow Velocity in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome, N Engl J. Med. 1985; 312: , Alexander E. Gulyaev, Svetlana E. Gelperina, Igor N. Skidan, Arkady S. Antropov, Gregory Ya. Kivman, Jö rg Kreuter, Significant Transport of Doxorubicin into the Brain with Polysorbate 80-Coated Nanoparticles, Pharmaceutical Research, 1999, Volume 16, Issue 10, pp

3 PHYSICAL MECHANISM Thermal Non-thermal Non-cavitation Cavitation Acoustic Radiation Force Acoustic Radiation Torque Acoustic Streaming Inertial Cavitation Non-inertial Cavitation National Council on Radiation Protection, Exposure criteria for medical diagnostic ultrasound: II. Criteria based on all known mechanisms, NCRP Report No. 140 (2002)

4 Total acoustic output power Equivalent beam area Equivalent beam diameter Pressure pulse square integral Pulse duration Pulse average intensity Temporal average intensity Pulse repetition rate Duty ratio Pulse intensity integral Spatial average temporal average intensity Spatial peak temporal peak intensity Spatial peak pulse average intensity Thermal index Mechanical index EXPOSURE PARAMETERS (IEC61157&62359)

5 EXPOSURE PARAMETERS (IEC61157&62359) Total acoustic output power & Radiation conductance Equivalent beam area Equivalent beam diameter Pressure pulse square integral Pulse duration Pulse average intensity Temporal average intensity Pulse repetition rate Duty ratio Pulse intensity integral Spatial average temporal average intensity Spatial peak temporal peak intensity Spatial peak pulse average intensity Thermal index Mechanical index RFB Method Time domain by hydrophone Scanning hydrophone method Calculation by above measurement

6 RFB method for Power and Radiation conductance IEC 61161: (2006), Ultrasonic power measurement in liquids in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 25 MHz. US power Balance Weight change Radiation force Degassed water Target Propagation of ultrasound wave Tx-ducer

7 ULTRASONIC POWER MEASUREMENT (2014) CMC (Calibration and Measurement Capability) 10 mw 20 W (0.5 MHz to 5 MHz) 10 mw 1 W (5MHz - 20 MHz) Uncertainty : 4 % - 6 % Activities 1. Calibration service of source transducer, power meter, check-source. 2. Development of source transducers for transfer standard. 3. Development and evaluation of measurement uncertainty. (16 elements) 4. Element-by-element acoustic power evaluation of ultrasound array transducers. 5. Development of ultrasound power measurement technique for HITU equipment. International collaboration With PTB (Germany) at 2002 With CENAM (Mexico) at 2004 With NMIJ (Japan) from 2005 to With NIMT (Thailand) at 2010, Key comparison (CCAUV.U.K3.1)

8 ULTRASONIC POWER MEASUREMENT (2015)

9 TEMPORAL AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TX-DUCER Acoustic working frequency (frequency domain)

10 RADIATION BEAM PATTERN OF TX-DUCER Radiation field 의천이거리 (N) d N d 4 where d Divergence angle sin 1.2 c u fd Transducer Near field Far field Yong Tae Kim, et. al. A matrix model for ultrasonic calibration and radiation field prediction using a pulsed planar 10 scanning technique, J. Kor. Phys. Soc. 37(3), (2000).

11 How to control the exposure parameters by Focused Ultrasound

12 Hydrophone scanning system in KRISS HYDROPHONE SCANNING METHOD

13 HYDROPHONE SENSITIVITY 1. Calibration of Ultrasonic Hydrophone Calibration of hydrophone is to determine the sensitivity. - Primary method: Laser interferometer method - Secondary method: Substitution method * IFT 13

14 POWER VS. INTENSITY Acoustic power (W) is surface integral of acoustic intensity P S I da

15 EXPOSURE PARAMETERS (IEC61157&62359) Total acoustic output power & Radiation conductance Equivalent beam area Equivalent beam diameter Pressure pulse square integral Pulse duration Pulse average intensity Temporal average intensity Pulse repetition rate Duty ratio Pulse intensity integral Spatial average temporal average intensity Spatial peak temporal peak intensity Spatial peak pulse average intensity Thermal index Mechanical index RFB Method Time domain by hydrophone Scanning hydrophone method Calculation by above measurement

16 김용태 (Yong Tae KIM) Center for Medical Metrology, KRISS

17 CCAUV Comparison (CCAUV.U-K3.1) Table 1. CCAUV.U-K3.1 Specified values. level FPL Very low A 1.25 Medium B 13.5 High C Very low D 1.20 Low E Very Low F 1.25 Low G Low H 3.70 Participants 1. INMETRO, Brazil 2. INRIM, Italy (linking lab.) 3. KRISS, Korea 4. NMC A*STAR, Singapore 5. NMIJ, Japan 6. NPLI, India 7. PTB, Germany as pilot Center for Medical Metrology 17 17

18 CCAUV.U.K3.1 (draft-a results) Center for Medical Metrology 18 18

19 Temporal variation of KRISS-2MHz-1LN transducer FPL Uin FPL (Gj Gref)/Gref V Jan-15 May-15 Jun-15 July_15 A B C D E F G H % Jan-15 May-15 Jun-15 July_15 A B C D E F G H Center for Medical Metrology

20 Measure of Consistency of KRISS RFB system Center for Medical Metrology 20 20

21 Temporal variation of KRISS-2MHz-1LN transducer Center for Medical Metrology

22 Measure of Consistency of KRISS RFB system Center for Medical Metrology 22 22

23 Measure of Consistency of KRISS RFB system Center for Medical Metrology 23 23

24 Preparation of Ultrasound Transducer for KC Identification number: KRISS 2 MHz 11 LN Diameter of transducer: 30 mm Electrode: chrome gold, coaxial type Diameter of the rear, hot electrode : mm Backing: air-backed, Piezoelectric material: Lithium-niobate crystal Length: 103 mm Weight: 119 g Front face protection: covered by a red rubber cap Center for Medical Metrology

25 Table 1. APMP.U-K1 Specified values. APMP Comparison (APMP.U-K1) level FPL Very low A 1.31 Medium B 12.9 High C Very low D 1.24 Low E Very Low F 1.24 Low G Low H 3.72 Center for Medical Metrology 25 25

26 APMP Comparison (APMP.U-K1) Schedule plan. No. Calibration Laboratory Starting date Finishing date Dispatch date Reporting date 1 KRISS, Korea 4-Mar Mar Mar-16 6-May-16 2 Participant #1 8-Apl Apl Apl June-16 3 Participant #2 13-May May-16 3-June July-16 4 Re-measurement KRISS 17-June-16 1-July-16 8-July Aug-16, Korea 5 Participant #3 22-July-16 5-Aug Aug Sep-16 6 Participant #4 26-Aug-16 9-Sep Sep Oct-16 7 Re-measurement KRISS 30-Sep Oct Dec-16, Korea Center for Medical Metrology 26 26

27 APMP Comparison (APMP.U-K1) Participants 1.?????, Country 2.?????, Country 3.?????, Country 4. PTB, Germany as linking lab. 5. KRISS, Korea as pilot If you want to participate, please let me know when break time. Center for Medical Metrology 27 27

28 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION