Discuss how early religion, philosophy, and biology influenced Psychology s identity

Transcription

1 This document contains protected information. You may not upload, copy, or share these notes (complete or incomplete) with any organization, company, or person who is not currently enrolled in the course without the written consent of the instructor. Violators may be sanctioned Do You Mind? Lecture Goals Discuss the Discuss how early religion, philosophy, and biology influenced Psychology s identity Discuss how early religion, philosophy, and biology influenced of Psychology Debate Drove development of Psychology Still does Important questions What is? How does it with the brain? The Religious Mind The mind is the Your Eternal

2 The body Vessel for the Ghost in the Behavior Good behavior = follows codes of conduct Bad behavior = Stone Age can reside in the head Early exorcism to release spirits 1400 BC Vedic priests purge " " to cure patients 1000 BC The Etruscans, Greeks, Egyptians believe deities responsible for Saint Augustine ( ) God endows For humans to be good, they must be able to to do good Makes connection between human thinking ( ) and human nature ( )

3 Identifies different kinds of thought in the mind Devine ( ) Derived ( ) Tension between (soul) faith and ( ) appetites (lust, greed) Saint Thomas Aquinas ( ) Interested in reconciliation between Doctrine of Faith and reason are separate ways of knowing Something can be true in rational philosophy but CAN argue and debate about natural phenomena and religion Body and soul are Emotion must be understood holistically - in terms of its and psychological qualities But, believed in a with cognitive abilities!?!?! Middle Ages treat the abnormal

4 Mental illness by demonic possession Early milieu therapy Calm places -- monasteries and abbeys!! Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of Witches) Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of Witches) published by Dominican Monks Fuels Pope, Roman Authorities, University of Cologne approve the book Thousands of mentally ill burned and throughout Europe Accused of being under the influence of Renaissance Changes in attitudes Rise in value of logic and Galileo Newton Views about mental illness begin to shift to

5 Contributions to modern Psychology Mind = Mind is distinctly different from the Mentally ill need (Milieu therapy) Thought can come from the behavior There are different kinds of Contributions to misunderstandings Psychology = Ghosts & out of body experience Identity = = spiritual leader? Seek spiritual counselors True helpers Psychic healers Faith healers Mentally ill Evil, Should be feared and Brutal

6 Holes in head The Philosophical Mind The Filters input into mind (sensation & perception) Sometimes does not provide of the mind Where does knowledge come from? Origin of thought & Psamtik I, King of Egypt Natural language = Phrygian, not Egyptian of the mind Logical, critical thinking = truest knowledge Plato Brain is seat of Transmigration of souls Some knowledge is innate ( ) 3 part dualistic soul Immortal/rational part -- Courageous (emotional) part -- Appetitive part (body desires/drives) --

7 Conflict and Personality If rational part dominates, suppress other 2 => true knowledge, If appetitive part dominates => = conflict between body drives and soul Aristotle Brain mainly for cooling blood, Soul and body independent Senses can be trusted Rational thought important, but so is = conflict between drives and moral codes Science!!! Organized nature in Step 1: Ask what is the question? Step2: Define terms Step3: Review what other (experts) think Step 4: Explain what you think Set stage for first steps of What is real? What is imagined?

8 Am I imagined? Is my body? Is my reality constructed? Consciousness = function of Cogito ergo sum Animals have Much behavior does not require processes The must control unconscious behavior (reflexes) Placed mind (pineal gland) Interactive Dualism/Cartesian Dualism Mind and brain are separate, but Allowed Scientists study the body (brain, reflexes) Church works on influencing the mind Are we natural? Bering and Bjorklund (2004) Younger children and the Mr. Alligator and brown mouse story Mouse s processes ceased Mouse s processes continue Thinking, wanting, knowing

9 Cultural Beliefs (from Bloom, 2004) Double funerals Exorcism Reincarnation Americans believe in heaven Americans believe in angels into a computer Contributions to modern Psychology Began to ask questions about the Conscious vs. unconscious processes Began to ask questions about the of the mind Mind is product of the brain How well do mental representations correspond? Emphasized the need for critical thinking and to determine truth Noted role of body ( ) in madness Planted seeds of (Aristotle) allowed scientists and the church to coexist Raises questions about the mind/body

10 Contributions to modern misunderstandings Mind = Psychology = paranormal Plato s = body (desires) vs. soul Mentally ill Give into drives, spiritually weak, not strong critical thinkers The Biological Mind The Origin of thought, emotion, perception, behavior The Biological causes of Identity ( ) Mental illness 500 BC Alcmaeon of Croton Promoted Helped rid medicine of superstition and Dissected humans Sensations, perception, memory, thinking

11 Health = of warm/cold, moist/dry, bitter/sweet Hippocrates ( BC) Medicine Hippocratic Oath (not spiritual) Inherited susceptibilities Imbalance of humors (not magical cures) Rest Diet Exercise Bathes Massage Theory of If any humor was out of balance = Elements, Personality, and Theory of Humors => Blood Confident, witty, courageous, optimistic, extraverted =>Yellow Bile

12 Rash, violent, discontented, envious, extraverted =>Phlegm Dumb, nice, lazy, easy going, introverted => Black Bile Depressed, frustrated, emotional, introverted Middle Ages Bethlehem Hospital in England begins Becomes known as "Bedlam" 1700 and 1800s Treatments based on physiology Ice water Bloodletting and leeches Starvation Erasmus Darwin believes that all disease was as a result of " Hydrotherapy Restraints Tumbling Joseph Gall ( ) Bumps on head specific for Localization of function

13 When the person with the stealing bump did not steal, other bumps for positive characteristics were over-riding Used in the U.S. By parents raising children For 1800s Investigations into systems and mental states Brain damage cases Surgery cases with functional regions theory runs hospitals for the insane Clean, more and better food, cuts of drugs Provides work therapy and reading drops dramatically Uses autopsies to that brain lesions are cause of insanity

14 Develops early system of classifying and diagnosing mental illness according to Charles Darwin ( ) Theory of natural selection (1859) 1898 OOPS -- Bayer pharmaceuticals create which is widely promoted as a cough remedy 1940s still in use Canvas covered bathtub for 1 to 12 hours with continuously flowing water Submerging the chair-bound person Alternating jets of hot and cold water therapy (U.S.) WWII Nazi experiments NEED FOR Contributions to modern psychology Connected mental health to early and their methods Studied brain-thought-behavior connections

15 Also included thought (reflexes) mental illness and identity from religion and superstition Away with exorcism to more humane treatments Connected mental illness and identity to more Rise of causes & treatments Early classification of mental disorders based on Focus on studying personality of people theories of personality Hippocrates Gall Theory of natural selection Contributions to modern misunderstandings treatments for mental illness Scary and unpleasant View: mentally ill Creates confusion between science and remedies of experts and scientists to

16 Understand brain-mind connections (Gall) Offer helpful therapy Equated early psychological research with and brain dissection Unethical