MENTAL IMAGERY. Edited by Robert G. Kunzendorf University of Lowell Lowell, Massachusetts SPRINGER SCIENCE+ BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

Transcription

1 MENTAL IMAGERY

2 MENTAL IMAGERY Edited by Robert G. Kunzendorf University of Lowell Lowell, Massachusetts SPRINGER SCIENCE+ BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data American Association for the Study of Mental Imagery. Conference (11th 1989 ~ashington, D.C.> Mental imagery I edited by Robert Kunzendorf. p. em. "Proceedings of the Eleventh and Twelfth Annual Conferences of the American Association for the Study of Mental Imagery, held ~une 15-18, 1989, in Washington, D.C., and June 14-17, 1990, In Lowell and Boston, Massachusetts"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references. Inc 1 udes Index. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Imagery <Psychology>--Congresses. I. Kunzendorf, Robert G. II. American Association for the Study of Mental Imagery. Conference <12th 1990, Lowell, Mass. and Boston, Mass.> III. Title. [DNLM, 1. Cognition--congresses. 2. Imagination--congresses. 3. Mental Processes--congresses. 4. Symbolism <Psychology> -congresses. BF 367 A512m 1989] BF367.A DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress CIP Proceedings of the Eleventh and Twelfth Annual Conferences of the American Association for the Study of Mental Imagery, held June 15-18, 1989, in Vllcishington, D.C., and june 14-17, 1990, in Lowell and Boston, Massachusetts ISBN Springer Science+ Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher.

4 For my mother, and in memory of my father

5 PREFACE The current book presents select proceedings from the Eleventh Annual Conference of AASMI (The American Association for the Study of Mental Imagery) in Washington, DC, 1989, and from the Twelfth Annual Conference of AASMI in Lowell and Boston, MA, This presentation of keynote addresses, research papers, and clinical workshops reflects a broad range of theoretical positions and a diverse repertoire of methodological approaches. Within this breadth and diversity, however, four aspects of the nature of imagery stand out: its mental nature, its private nature, its conscious nature, and its symbolic nature. The mental nature of imagery--i.e., its epistemological aspect--is explored in the book's first section of articles by Marcia Johnson, Laura Snodgrass, Leonard Giambra and Alicia Grodsky, Vija Lusebrink, Selina Kassels, Helane Rosenberg and Yakov Epstein, M. Elizabeth D'Zamko and Lynne Schwab, and Laurence Martel. These first eight articles fall, essentially, into various domains of cognitive psychology, including the psychology of art and educational psychology. In the second section, the private nature of imagery is studied by Ernest Hartmann, Nicholas Spanos, Benjamin Wallace, Deirdre Barrett, John Connolly, James Honeycutt, Dominique Gendrin, and James Honeycutt and J. Michael Gotcher. These studies, which fall within the realm of personality and social psychology, bring to light the fact that many very public interpersonal behaviors reflect very private images. Such behaviors range from interpersonal rapport with a hypnotist, to rapport with a forensic jury. In the third section of articles, imagery's conscious nature and its physiological manifestations are jointly examined by Robert Kunzendorf, R. Kunzendorf et al., Paul Bakan, John Schneider et al., Deirdre Brigham and Philip Toal, Nicholas Brink, Bonney Schaub et al., and Dan Smith. Throughout this examination, these eight articles explore various theories of the mysterious relationship between conscious experience and neural events, and various applications of the important relationship between conscious imagination and bodily responses. In the fourth and final section, the symbolic nature of imagery in psychopathology and psychotherapy is explored by Jerold Gold, Donald Levis, Lewis Mehl, Nicholas Brink, Archa Mati, Daniel Tomasulo, Valerie Hookham, and Jacqueline Sallade. Of course, imagery's symbolic nature is also explored in some cognitive studies, like those by Snodgrass and Martel, just as imagery's private nature is emphasized in some clinical studies. But generally, clinical psychology draws attention to imagery's symbolic aspect, just as psychophysiology draws attention to its conscious nature, and social psychology to its private nature. Within the four sections of this book, a common focus on imagery--symbolic, conscious, private, mental imagery--unites all of the studies. Indeed at AASMI conferences, unlike most psychological meetings, therapists and researchers listen to and talk to each other. Accordingly, as editor of these AASMI proceedings, I hope that readers appreciate how the study of imagery can bring such very different psychologists together, even as the whole of psychology becomes increasingly fractionated. In conclusion, I thank all authors for their contributions to the last two AASMI conferences and to this publication of select proceedings. In addition, I gratefully acknowledge the support of Anees Sheikh and Nick Spanos from AASMI's Board, John Hurtado and Claire Hoffman from the University of Lowell, and Melanie Yelity and Gregory Safford from Plenum. Robert G. Kunzendorf September 25, 1990 vii

6 OONTENTS COGNITIVE STUDIES AND APPLICATIONS OF MENTAL IMAGES Reflection, Reality Monitoring, and the Self Marcia K. Johnson The Importance of Mental Imagery in Map Reading Laura L. Snodgrass Aging, Imagery, and Imagery Vividness in Daydreams: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Perspectives Leonard M. Giambra and Alicia Grodsky Levels of Imagery and Visual Expression Vija B. Lusebrink Transforming Imagery into Art: A Study of the Life and Work of Georgia O'Keeffe Selina Kassels The Nature of the Theatrical Imagination: How Theatre Going Affects Children's Imagination, And What Children Say about Their Theatre Experiences Helane S. Rosenberg and Yakov M. Epstein Children's Reactions to Imagery Experiences Mary Elizabeth D'Zamko and Lynne Schwab The Role of Guided Imagery in.educational Reform: The Integrative Learning System Laurence D. Martel PRIVATE IMAGES BEHIND PERSONALITY TRAITS AND INTERPERSONAL DYNAMICS Thin and Thick Boundaries: Personality, Dreams, and Imagination Ernest Hartmann Imagery, Hypnosis and Hypnotizability Nicholas P. Spanos Hypnotic Susceptibility, Imaging Ability, and Information Processing: An Integrative Look Benjamin Wallace Deep Trance Subjects: A Schema of Two Distinct Subgroups Deirdre Barrett 101 ix

7 Adults Who Had Imaginary Playmates as Children John F. Connolly Imagined Intemctions, Imagery, and Mindfulness/Mindlessness James M. Honeycutt An Intrapersonal Process in Cross-Cultuml Adaptation: Imagined Interactions among Temporary Sojourners Dominique M. Gendrin Influence of Imagined Interactions on Communicative Outcomes: The Case of Forensic Competition James M. Honeycutt and J. Michael Gotcher PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES AND APPLICATIONS OF CONSCIOUS IMAGES The Causal Efficacy of Consciousness in General, Imagery in Particular: A Materialistic Perspective Robert G. Kunzendorf Imagination and Perceptual Development: Effects of Auditory Imaging on the Brainstem Evoked Potentials of Children, Adult Musicians, and Other Adults Robert G. Kunzendorf, Michael Jesses, Athena Michaels, Gina Caiazzo-Fluellen, and William Butler Imagery and the Sinistrality of Symptoms PaulBakan 167 Guided Imagery and Immune System Function in Normal Subjects: A Summary of Research Findings John Schneider, C. Wayne Smith, Chris Minning, Sara Whitcher, and Jerry Hermanson The Use of Imagery in a Multimodal Psychoneuroimmunology Program for Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases Deirdre Davis Brigham and Philip 0. Toal Dealing with Pain: The Psychological Mechanisms That Intensify Pain Nicholas E. Brink Oinical Imagery: Holistic Nursing Perspectives Bonney Gulino Schaub, Jeanne Anselmo, and Susan Luck Imagery in Sport: An Historical and Current Overview Dan Smith 215 SYMBOLIC IMAGES IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY Repairing Narcissistic Deficits through the Use of Imagery Jerold R. Gold 227 The Recovery of Tmumatic Memories: The Etiological Source of Psychopathology Donald J. Levis When Evil Appears in Imagery Lewis E. Mehl 241 X

8 God Images Nicholas E. Brink Using Sound to Deepen and Enliven Imagery Work An:haMati Psychodrama: An Introduction to Imagery in Action Daniel Tomasulo Imagery in Conjunction with Art Therapy Valerie Hookham The Conference as Therapy Jacqueline B. Sallade Index xi