Composed of 27 Institutes and Centers.

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1 October 7, 2009 John C. Higginbotham, PhD, MPH Associate Dean for Research & Health Policy Professor and Chair, Department of Community & Rural Medicine Director, Rural Health Institute for Clinical & Translational Science The University of Alabama College of Community Health Sciences / School of Medicine, Tuscaloosa

4 Overview of the NIH Primary federal agency [1 of 10 agencies that comprise the Public Health Service (PHS) in the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)] for conducting and supporting medical research. Mission: science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability. Funding: Over $28 billion annually (not counting ARRA) Distributes 83% of funding to ~50,000 external research grants at 3,000 Institutions (UA, 10 awards for $ 2.2 mil, 2008) Composed of 27 Institutes and Centers.

5 ARRA Funding State of Alabama Awards Private UAH USA UA AU Tuskegee UAB

7 Success Rates By Mechanism 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% R01 R03 R15 R21

8 Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Awardees FY MD-PhD MD Only PhD Only Fiscal Year Average Age

9 Success Rates of Competing R01 Equivalent Applications First Time and Previously Funded (Experienced) Applicants 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% First Time Experienced

10 Office of the Director Central office for NIH. Responsible for setting overall policy and for planning, managing, and coordinating the programs and activities of all NIH components. Also includes: Office of AIDS Research Office of Research on Women s Health Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Office of Disease Prevention

11 National Cancer Institute (NCI) Conducts and supports research, training, health info dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer, rehabilitation from cancer, and the continuing care of cancer patients and their families. Extramural funding: Nearly 80% of NCI s budget funds research in ~650 universities, hospitals, NCI-designated Cancer Centers, and other sites throughout the U.S and in 20 + countries. Majority supports investigator-initiated Research Project Grants (>$2.1 billion for 5,200 + RPGs in FY 2007). Also supports cancer control, investigator training, health disparities research, private sector collaborations, etc.

12 National Eye Institute (NEI) Conducts and supports research that helps prevent and treat eye diseases and other disorders of vision. Funds ~1,600 research grants and training awards to scientists at >250 medical centers, hospitals, universities, and other institutions. Funded 1,516 grants with budget of $538 million in FY 06.

13 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Provides leadership for a national program (basic research, clinical investigations/trials, observational studies, demonstration projects) in diseases of the heart, blood vessels, lung, and blood; blood resources; sleep disorders. Includes the NIH Women s Health Initiative. Over $2.7 billion funded in FY 07 for: Research Project Grants (69.5% of budget) Sickle Cell Centers Center for AIDS Research Training programs and Research Careers Programs Other

14 National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Spearheaded NIH s participation in the International Human Genome Project (HGP) in Played critical role in completion of the HGP in NHGRI s mission has since expanded to encompass a broad range of studies aimed at understanding the structure and function of the human genome (~30 40K genes) and its role in health and disease. Supports the training of investigators and dissemination of genome info to the public and health professionals.

15 National Institute on Aging (NIA) Researches the biomedical, social, and behavioral aspects of the aging process; the prevention of agerelated diseases and disabilities; and the promotion of a better quality of life for seniors. 4 extramural research programs: Division of Aging Biology Division of Behavioral and Social Research Division of Neuroscience Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology Budget of over $1 billion in FY 07.

16 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Conducts and supports research in a wide range of scientific areas including genetics, neuroscience, epidemiology, health risks and benefits of alcohol consumption, prevention, and treatment. Extramural program: Over 30% is clinical research (including K series mechanisms). Research Project Grants (RPGs) comprise ~60% of budget, resulting in 177 grant awards (averaging $330K each) for new and competing RPGs in FY 08. Anticipated success rate* of 25% (including PAs and RFAs). Also supports Training Related and Mentored Career Awards. *Success rate indicates the percentage of reviewed RPG applications that receive funding.

17 National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Conducts and supports basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and ultimately prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases. Received $4.417 billion in FY 07: 53.8% allocated to RPGs. 4,422 RPGs funded in FY 07 (39.9% noncompeting; 11.5% competing). 1,202 training positions funded in FY 07. ~81% of NIAID funds received by U.S. institutions.

18 National Institute of Arthritis & Musculoskeletal & Skin Diseases (NIAMS) Supports research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases, the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research, and the dissemination of info on research progress. Received over $5 million in FY 07. Success rate of 20%.

19 National Institute of Biomedical Imaging & Bioengineering (NIBIB) Newest of NIH s Institutes and Centers (est. 2000). Improves health by promoting fundamental discoveries, design and development, and translation and assessment of technological capabilities in biomedical imaging and bioengineering, enabled by relevant areas of the physical and life sciences.

20 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) Conducts and supports research on all aspects of human development, from preconception to adulthood, to better understand the health of children, adults, families, and communities. Has a specific focus on understanding developmental disabilities, including mental retardation. 4 extramural research components: Center for Developmental Biology and Perinatal Medicine Center for Population Research Center for Research for Mothers & Children National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research Over $1.25 billion in appropriations in FY 07.

21 National Institute on Deafness & Other Communication Disorders Conducts/supports biomedical research and research training on normal mechanisms as well as diseases and disorders of hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech. Extramural program consists of: Research grants Career development awards Individual/institutional research training awards Center grants Contracts Awarded $268 million for 861 RPGs in FY specialized/comprehensive research centers.

22 National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Seeks to understand, treat, and ultimately prevent the infectious and inherited craniofacial oral dental diseases and disorders. Annual budget is ~ $390 million. Distributes ~ 75% of its research funding to grantees at universities, dental schools, and medical schools across the U.S. and worldwide.

23 National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Conducts and supports basic and clinical research on many of the most serious disease affecting public health. Key extramural research areas: Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases Supports basic and clinical research through investigatorinitiated grants, program project and center grants, and career development and training awards. Budget: $1.856 billion in FY 07.

24 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Leads the nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addition. Budget of over $1 billion. Divisions include: Div. of Epidemiology, Services, & Prevention Research Div. of Basic Neuroscience & Behavioral Research Div. of Clinical Neuroscience & Behavioral Research Div. of Pharmacotherapies & Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse Also has a Center for Clinical Trials Network.

25 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Reduces the burden of human illness and dysfunction from environmental causes by defining how environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and age interact to affect an individual s health. Is investing $21.5 million to find environmental causes of Parkinson s Disease. Overall budget was approximately $642 million in FY 07.

26 National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Supports biomedical research that is not disease specific (i.e., studies on genes, proteins, pathways, mechanisms) that lays foundation for advances in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Budget: $1.9 million in FY 08. Supports ~ 4,400 research grants. About 10% of all NIH grants. Most are for individual, investigator initiated grants (R01s). Supports ~ 25% of NIH trainees. Supports several important scientific resources (e.g., the NIGMS Human Genetic Cell Repository, Protein Data Bank).

27 National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Mission is to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure. Extramural program includes: Division of Neuroscience & Basic Behavioral Science Div. of Adult Translational Research & Treatment Development Div. of Developmental Translational Research Div. of AIDS & Health & Behavior Research Div. of Services & Intervention Research Budget: $1.4 billion in FY 07: Over $777 million awarded for 2,173 RPGs Over $115 million awarded to 77 research centers Over $9.9 million for 1,188 research training awards

28 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Mission: to reduce the burden of neurological disease; supports/conducts research, both basic and clinical, on the normal and diseased nervous system. ~ 90% of the overall NINDS budget is used to fund extramural research. $170 million for competing awards to fund unsolicited grants. Additional $45 million available for competing awards to fund special initiatives (e.g., RFAs, PAs). Anticipated 18% success rate for RPGs. Other major priorities: new investigators, multi center clinical trials.

29 National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Supports/conducts basic and clinical research and training on health and illness across the lifespan. Nursing science seeks to: Improve the management of symptoms during illness and recovery. Enhance quality of life for those w/chronic illness. Promote healthy lifestyles and behaviors. Reduce the risk of disease and disability. Enhance end of life and palliative care. Budget of $137 million in FY 07.

30 National Library of Medicine (NLM) Collects, organizes, and makes available biomedical science information to scientists, health professionals, and the public. Collections stand at > 9 million items. Web based databases include PubMed/Medline and MedlinePlus. Extramural Programs Division provides grants to support research in medical informatics, health information science, and biotechnology information, as well as training in these areas. Appropriations (FY 06): $319.9 million.

31 Center for Information Technology (CIT) Mission to provide, coordinate, and manage information technology (IT), and to advance computational science. Major units: Div. of Computational Bioscience Div. of Computer System Services Div. of Computer Support Div. of Enterprise and Custom Applications Div. of Network Systems and Telecommunications

32 Center for Scientific Review (CSR) The focal point at NIH for initial peer review for scientific merit. Central receipt point/portal for all NIH applications, as well as for some DHHS components. Organize peer review groups or study sections that evaluate 70% of NIH research grant applications. Receives ~ 80K applications a year and recruits > 17K external experts review them in study sections that meet 3x per year. New goal: to shorten the review process by 45 days to allow applicants sufficient time to revise/resubmit in the next review round. 39 minute video of a mock study section:

33 John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences (FIC) Dedicated to: Advancing the mission of NIH by supporting and facilitating global health research conducted by U.S. and international investigators. Building partnerships between health research institutions in the U.S. and abroad. Training the next generation of scientists to address needs and reduce disparities in global health. Broad range of research from the genetic basic of disease and the fundamental properties of the cell to strategies to prevent transmission of HIV. Budget of > $66 million funds (FY 07) some 400 research/training projects involving > 100 U.S. universities and collaborations in > 100 foreign countries, most of which are in the developing world.

34 National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) Dedicated to exploring complementary and alternative medical (CAM) practices in the context of rigorous science and the training of CAM researchers. Does not support the development or delivery of clinical practice other than as a component of funded research. Over $122.6 million in congressional appropriations in FY 08. Success rate of 11% in FY 07.

35 National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities Mission: to promote minority health and to lead, coordinate, support, and assess the NIH effort to reduce and ultimately eliminate health disparities. Some of the programs are: Centers of Excellence (Project EXPORT) 37 centers in 31 states. Research Endowment Program Loan Repayment Program Community Based Participatory Research Budget of approx. $194 million in FY 07.

36 National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) Provides laboratory scientists and clinical researchers with the tools and training they need to understand, detect, treat, and prevent a wide range of diseases. Seeks to: Establish clinical research infrastructure Fund career development programs Enhance development programs for underserved states and institutions (focusing on health disparities) Stimulate basic research to develop and provide access to new technologies and methods Develop and provide access to critical animal models Provide funding to expand, remodel, and renovate or alter existing facilities or construct new research facilities Clinical & Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program has been implemented in 38 academic health centers in 28 states. Budget of $1.14 billion in FY 07.

37 NIH Clinical Center (CC) The nation s largest hospital devoted entirely to clinical research. Approximately 1,500 studies (mostly Phase I and II clinical trials) in progress. Promotes translational research (= the transference of scientific laboratory research into applications that benefit patient health and medical care; bench tobedside ).

Overview of the NIH. National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Overview of the NIH. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Overview of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) October 16, 2008 Craig Formby, Ph.D. Distinguished Graduate Research Professor Colleges of Arts & Sciences, Medicine, and Engineering Director, Office