The Human Lens - in Relation to Cataract

Transcription

1 The Human Lens - in Relation to Cataract

2 The Ciba Foundation for the promotion of international cooperation in medical and chemical research is a scientific and educational charity established by CIBA Limited-now CIBA-GEIGY Limited- Basle. The Foundation operates independently in London under English trust law. Ciba Foundation Symposia are published in collaboration with Associated Scientific Publishers (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Excerpta Medica, North-Holland Publishing Company) in Amsterdam. Associated Scientific Publishers, P.O. Box 21 1, Amsterdam

3 The Human Lensin Relation to Cataract Ciba Foundation Symposium 19 (new series) 1973 Elsevier Excerpta Medica North-Holland Associated Scientific Publishers Amsterdam London New York

4 0 Copyright 1973 Ciba Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN Excerpta Medica ISBN American Elsevier Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Published in 1973 by Associated Scientific Publishers, P.O. Box 21 1, Amsterdam, and 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N.Y Suggested series entry for library catalogues: Ciba Foundation Symposia. Ciba Foundation Symposium 19 (new series) Printed in The Netherlands by Van Gorcum, Assen

5 Contents ANTOINETTE PIRIE Chairman s introduction 1 R. A. WEALE The effects of the ageing lens on vision Discussion 2 1 R. WEEKERS, Y. DELMARCELLE, J. LWCKX-BACUS and J. COLLIGNON logical changes of the lens with age and cataract Discussion Morpho- B. T. PHILIPSON and P. P. FAGERHOLM Lens changes responsible for increased light scattering in some types of senile cataract 45 Discussion 59 General Discussion Z graphy 65 Lens change with age and cataract: slit-image photo- G. MARAINI and R. MANGILI Differences in proteins and in the water balance of the lens in nuclear and cortical types of senile cataract 79 Discussion 95 G. DUNCAN Role of membranes in controlling ion and water movements in the lens 99 Discussion 112 D. FRIEDBURG Enzyme activity patterns in clear human lenses and in different types of human senile cataract. 117 Discussion 128 *R. M. BROEKHUYSE cataract 135 Discussion 144 * Contributed in absentia. Membrane lipids and proteins in ageing lens and

6 VIII CONTENTS RUTH VAN HEYNINGEN The glucoside of 3-hydroxykynurenine and other fluorescent compounds in the human lens 151 Discussion 168 J. H. KINOSHITA and L. 0. MEROLA Oxidation of thiol groups of the human lens 173 Discussion 180 A. SPECTOR, J. STAUFFER and J. SIGELMAN Preliminary observations upon the proteins of the human lens 185 Discussion 203 L. R. CROFT Low molecular weight proteins of the lens 207 Discussion 224 w. MANSKI Immunological studies on normal and pathological lenses 227 Discussion 242 u. AXELSSON Miotic-induced cataract 249 Discussion 257 A. CHATTERTEE Cataract in Punjab 265 Discussion 271 F. I. CAIRD Problems of cataract epidemiology with special reference to diabetes 281 Discussion 297 General Discussion ZI Classification of cataract 303 ANTOINETTE PIRIE Chairman s concluding remarks Index of contributors 315 Subject index 317

7 Participants Symposium on The Human Lens-in Relation to Cataract held at the Ciba Foundation, London, 30th January-1st February 1973 ANTOINETTE PIRIE (Chairman) Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW u. AXELSSON Department of Ophthalmology, Sabbatsberg Hospital, PO Box 6401, Stockholm, Sweden I. BJORK Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden *R. M. BROEKHUYSE Institute of Ophthalmology, Catholic University, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 22, Nijmegen, The Netherlands N. A. P. BROWN Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Judd Street, London WCl H 9QS P. I. CAIRD University Department of Geriatric Medicine, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G5 1 4TF, Scotland A. CHATTERJEE Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Brown Memorial Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India L. R. CROFT Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, University of Salford, Salford, Lancashire M5 4WT M. R. DANDRIEU Vrije Universiteit, Faculteit der Geneeskunde, van der Boekhorststraat 7, Amsterdam-Zuid, Postbus 7161, Amsterdam N. K. J. DILLEY Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW G. DUNCAN School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, University Plain, Norwich NOR 88C R. FISHER Institute of Ophthalmology, Judd Street, London WClH 9QS * Unable to attend.

8 X PARTICIPANTS s. FRANKEN Algemeen Provinciaal, Stads- en Academisch Ziekenhuis, Oogheelkundige Kliniek, Oostersingel 19, Groningen, The Netherlands D. FRIEDBURG Augenklinik Stadtischen Krankenanstalten, Universitat Dusseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 4 Diisseldorf 1, Germany A. I. FRIEDMANN Courage Research Laboratories, Royal Eye Hospital, 81 George s Circus, London SE1 OBA J. J. HARDING Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW JEANNE LUYCKX-BACUS Clinique Ophtalmologique, UniversitC de Lit5ge, H8pital de Bavi&re, Boulevard de la Constitution 66, Li6ge 4000, Belgium H. KAHN Office of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014, USA J. H. KINOSHITA Laboratory of Vision Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014, USA w. MANSKI Department of Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA G. MARAINI Clinica Oculistica dell Universit8 di Parma, Parma, Italy J. NORDMANN Clinique Ophtalmologique, Hospices Civils de Strasbourg, 1 Place de l Hdpita1, Strasbourg, France B. T. PHILIPSON Department of Ophthalmology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm 60, Sweden A. SPECTOR Department of Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA RUTH VAN HEYNINGEN Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW R. A. WEALE Department of Visual Science, Institute of Ophthalmology, Judd Street, London WClH 9QS Editors: KATHERINE ELLIOTT and DAVID w. FITZSIMONS