The Cellular Aspects of Biorhythms

Transcription

1 The Cellular Aspects of Biorhythms Symposium on Rhythmic Research Sponsored by the VIIIth International Congress of Anatomy Wiesbaden August 1965 Edited by H. von Mayersbach With 101 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1967

2 Symposium organized with the financial assistance of the Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences, an Organization subsidized by the World Health Organization and UNESCO Professor Dr. H. VON MAYERSBACH Universiteit van Nijmegen Faculteit der Geneeskunde Laboratorium voor cytologie en histologie Present adress: Institut fur Anatomie Medizinisme Homsmule Hannover (Germany) ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / All rights, especially that of translation into foreign languages, reserved. It is also forbidden to reproduce this book, either whole or in part, by photomechanical means (photostat, microfilm and/or microcard) or by other procedure without written permission from Springer-Verlag by Springer-Verlag Berlin' Heidelberg 1967 Softcover reprint of the hardcovej: 1 st edition 1967 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Title No. 1391

3 Foreword Although in the past the Swedish anatomical schools gave one of the first impulses to the study of biorhythms, this subject has never been a favourite matter of morphological investigations. The proposal of the organizing committee at the 8th International Anatomical Congress to organize a symposium on rhythmic research was willingly accepted. It was felt that as morphology is growing to be more and more an experimental discipline, biorhythms should be considered. It is gratefully acknowledged that investigators with great experience in biologic rhythms were prepared to take part in this symposium. Their different fields of research, physiology, biology, embryology and clinical, indicate the importance of rhythmic variations and mathematicians show how results gained have to be treated in a correct statistical fashion. There are the processes of cell multiplication, regeneration and growth, which have been proved to be rhythmic. The analyses of mitoses show to what extent such strong interventions as adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy etc. have been misinterpreted and delivered severally contradictory results when the rhythmic variations are not considered. The observation of tissues collected throughout 24 hours contributes to the much debated problem of "Amitosis" and also revealed a definite rhythm of DNA. In connection with this is the uptake and incorporation of DNA-precursors which occur rhythmically. In the vast number of precursor experiments which frequently vary strongly in their results, circadian changes have hardly been considered until now. It is not to be wondered at that biorhythmic oscillations are also expressed in the ultra-morphology, thus delivering pictures ranging from the "normal" of textbooks and atlases to those until now regarded as pathologic, or due to experimental influences, or technical mistakes. The group of histochemists finally communicate their results either by demonstrating the considerable size of variations in tissues and organs or by technical factors involved in the morphological analyses of rhythms. The latter brings new aspects in the histochemical technique and it seems that some hot discussions over enzyme localization, specifity, sex differences etc. resolves into a simple time factor, i. e. variations at the time of the day when tissues were removed for investigation. This symposium has given a wide view of the various aspects of biorhythms and it impresses the necessity for considering biorhythms in the interpretation of results in experimental morphology. The Springer Publishing Co., by publishing this Symposium, has made it possible to reach a much larger number of experimenters and we gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness to it. It is hoped that this symposium will serve as a guide, or at least as a sign post, in the fields of biological and medical research.

4 Circadiane Rhythmik (E. BUNNING). Contents Circadian System Phase (F. HALBERG) 20 Developmental Rhythms (T. PETREN and A. SOLLBERGER) 49 Validity and Efficiency in the Design of Transverse Physiologic Periodicity Experiments (R. B. McHuGH) Seasonal Influences on Biological Rhythms of Standardized Laboratory Animals (H. v. MAYERS BACH) Autoradiographic Investigations with 3-H-thymidine on the Influence of the Diurnal Rhythm on Cell Proliferation Kinetics (CHR. PILGRIM). 100 The Circadian Rhythm of Nucleic Acids (W. EUNG) Circadian Changes of the DNA-content in Rat Liver Cells as Revealed by Histophotometric Methods (CHR. JERUSALEM) Amitose et fusion nucleaire au cours du rhythme circadien (0. BUCHER et P. SUP PAN) 124 Technical Factors Involved in the Histochemical Determination of the Circadian Changes of Liver Glycogen (R. LESKE) Circadian Phase Differences of Lyo- and Desmoenzymes (P. YAP). 143 Circadian Ultrastructural Changes in Liver Cells (CHR. JERUSALEM, O. MULLER, and H. v. MAYERSBACH) The Effects of the Presence or Absence of the Pituitary Gland on the Daily Rhythmicity of Mitotic Rates in Urodele Larval Tissues (J. J. CHIAKULAS and L. E. SCHEVING) 155 Effect of Adrenalectomy, Adrenal Medullectomy and Hypophysectomy on the Daily Mitotic Rhythm in the Corneal Epithelium of the Rat (L.E. SCHEVING andj.e. PAULY) 167 Circadian Rhythms in Growth Processes (J. M. ECHAVE LLANOS, E. G. BADE, and A. F. BADRAN) Constancy and Rhythm (F. GERRITZEN) Automation in Biological Rhythm Research (A. SOLLBERGER, H. P. ApPLE, R. M. GREEN- WAY, P. H. KING, O. LINDAN, and J. B. RESWICK)

5 List of Contributors Chairman: Prof. Dr. E. BUNNING Director, Botanisches Institut der Universitat Tiibingen, WilhelmstraBe 5 (Germany) Organizer: Prof. Dr. H. v. MAYERSBACH Director, Institute of Cytology and Histology, University of Nijmegen, Kapittelweg 40. Present adress: Direktor Institut f. Anatomie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Germany) Dr. E. G. BADE Instituto de Patologfa General y Experimental, FCM. UNC. Mendoza, Casilla Correo 513 (Argentina) Prof. Dr. O. BUCHER Directeur, Institut d'histologie et d'embryologie, Universite de Lausanne, 9 Rue du Bugnon (Switzerland) Prof. Dr. JOHN J. CHIAKULAS Department of Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, 710 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, Ill , U.S.A. Prof. Dr. J. M. ECHAVE LLANOS Catedra de Embryologia, Biologica e Histologica; Facultad de Ciencias Medicas Universidad Nacional de la Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentinia Drs. W. EUNG Dr. F. GERRITZEN Internist, Wassenaar, Laan van Koot 37 Prof. Dr. F. HALBERG Head Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A. Prof. Dr. R. B. McHUGH Department of Biometry, Medical Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, U.S.A. Dozent Dr. CHR. JERUSALEM Mrs. R. LESKE Dr. O. MULLER Pathologisch-anatomisches Institut Graz, Auenbruggerplatz (Austria) Prof. JOHN E. PAULY, ph. D. Tulane University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, La , U.S.A. Prof. Dr. T. PETREN Department of Anatomy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Sweden) Dr. CH. PILGRIM Anatomisches Institut der Universitat Wiirzburg, KoellikerstraBe 6 (Germany) Dr. 1. E. SCHEVING Department of Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Institute of Medical Research, 2020 W Ogden Avenue, Chicago, U.S.A.

6 VIII List of Contributors Dr. A. SOLLBERGER Chief Biostatistics Section, Eastern Research Support Centre, Veterans Administration Hospital, West Haven, Connecticut 06416, U.S.A. Mr. P. YAP