Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Transcription

1 reproduction are different in that transmit 100% of their genes to their reproducing sexually only transmit progeny, whereas individuals B) The species has 16 sets of A) individuals reproducing asexually Asexual reproduction and sexual that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16? A) The species is diploid with 32 individual present within a genome homologous chromosomes within a shape A) the set of unique physical cell, organized according to size and E) a display of every pair of a system of classifying cell nuclei characteristics that define an chromosomes found in a gamete C) a unique combination of B) the collection of all the mutations 5) What is a karyotype? E) the precise sequence of the DNA D) the position of the centromere within chromosomes B) the identity and relative position of A) their length C) their staining patterns each other? the genes present on each of the each of the chromosomes homologous chromosomes differ from within each of the chromosomes 4) How do the two members of a pair of E) all of the above single parent, whereas sexual mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction C) asexual reproduction involves a reproduction gives rise to genetically reproduction involves two. to the parents, whereas sexual D) asexual reproduction only requires offspring that are genetically identical distinct offspring. always involves meiosis. B) asexual reproduction produces 50%. Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles chromosomal makeup of each daughter composed of a single chromatid. composed of two chromatids. composed of a single chromatid. composed of two chromatids. E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are cellis composedof two chromaffd& D) haploid, and the chromosomes are C) haploid, and the chromosomes are B) diploid, and the chromosomes are A) diploid, and the chromosomes are 23) After telophase I of meiosis, the C) Single, haploid (n) sets of (XY). the person is female (XX) or male the relative timing of meiosis and E) Sexual life cydes differ with respect to unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosome. chromosomes, determines whether autosomes has a homologous paternal produce diploid gametes by meiosis. chromosomes in ovum and sperm fertilization. A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes 13) Which of these statements is false? E) A gamete from this species has 4 C) There are 8 homologous pairs. D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate 10) Which of the following is true of a species

2 B) Four diploid cells result B) by allowing random fertilization D)Vl C)W B) II A)l crossing over may occur. 28) Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; E)Vffl center of the cell; independent assortment soon follows. 27) Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the C) Four haploid cells result E) Four chiasmata result El VII of chromosomes C) Sister chromatids are separated. D) Four autosomes result process of meiosis? genetic variation in a species? conserved. B) The chromosome number is separated. A) Homologous chromosomes are condusion of meiosis I? 30) Which of the following happens at the described below. cells that are genetically identical. 37) A cell divides to produce two daughter E. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis IL B. The statement is true for melosis lonly. A. The statement is true for mitosis only. D. The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis 1. with the stages listed below. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis A) Two diploid cells result E) 5,2.4,3,1 head and a tail end. E) The sperm cells elongate to form a D) Four daughter cells are formed. 31) Which of the following is true of the C) 5,3,2,4, 1 3. separation of sister chromatids Use thefollowing key to answer the following questions. C. The statement is true for meiosis II only. The following questions refer to the essential steps in melosis D)VI1 C)IV 8)11 A)I IlL anaphase I VII. anaphase II IV. telophase I VUL telophase 11 II. metaphase I VI. metaphase 11 I. prophase I V. prophase U E)A,B,andC D)AandBonly C) by allowing crossing over 53) How does the sexual life cyde increase the A) by allowing independent assortment 0)4,5,2,1,3 B)5,4,2,1,3 A) 1,2,3,4,5 illustrates a sequence of meiosis? following is the order that most logically 49) From the descriptions above, which of the the cell in pairs 5. synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the centromere 4. separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of 2. alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate chromosomes present in the parental nudeus 1. formation of four new nudei, each with half the the DNA. 41) The process is preceded by replication of occurs. 40) Independent assortment of chromosomes crossing over occurs. 38) Homologous chromosomes synapse and

3 A) hybridization. C) true-breeding B) incomplete dominance. B) incomplete dominance. 3 example it produces purple flowers. This is an for contrasting traits. A) that the parents were true-breeding self-pollinate. Generation after generation, of trait This suggests offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular E) 64 D)32 C)16. B) 8. A)4 assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE? produced through independent LO). I-low many unique gametes could be E) a dihybrid cross D)anFicrose C) a hybrid cross B) a testcross A) a self-cross homozygous recessive individual called? (but of unknown genotype) and a individual showing a dominant phenotype 9) What is genetic cross between an E)A,B,andCarecorrect D)OnlyAandBarecOrrect. ofagene B) They can be dominant or recessive any given gene in a somatic cell A) They can be identical or different for C) They can represent alternative forms alleles? 8) Which of the following is (are) true for E) the mistakes made by MendeL D) a dihybrid cross. B) true-breeding A) the blending model of genetics. I demonstrates offspring with purple flowers. This white-flowered pea plants results in purple-flowered and homozygous 5) A cross between homozygous C) dominance. E) polygenetics. D) the law of segregation. 2) A plant with purple flowers is allowed to. Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea segregation. occurs by mitosis only. E) the formation of gametes in plants principle of independent assortment means that were located on the same behaved as if they were on different chromosome. I)) all of the genes controlling the traits C) all of the genes controlling the traits inthepeaplants.was7. B) the diploid number of chromosomes A) none of the traits obeyed the law of traitsstudied by Mendel obeyed the 24) The fact that all seven of the pea plant E)A,BandCarecorrect D)OnlyAandCarecorrect. C) Each of the genes controlling the obey the law of independent B) The genes controlling the characters. A) Each of the characters is controlled by which of the following properties? characters has two alleles. ratio in the F2 generation should have assortment. 12) Two characters that appear in a 93:3:1 a single gene. alleles. E) that eachoffapring has the same heterozygous. D) that the parents were both C) that a blending of traits has occurred. 11) Two plants are crossed, resulting in

4 A) It states that each of two alleles for a B) It can be explained by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during - C) A) ttrr dwarf and pink gametes. meiosis. homozygous for tallness and white phenotype of the Fi individuals? flowers. What are the genotype and red snapdragon is crossed with a plant given trait segregate into different white flowers. When plants with red their next child will be a brown eyed redhead? have brown eyes and blond hair. Both parents are homozygous for brown eyes and long tails? (t). tails What fraction of the progeny of the cross BbTt x BBtt will have black fur fur (b). Short tails (1 ) are dominant to long determine the number of E)Itisarnethodthatcanbeusedto the F2 generation of Mendels diseases withih families. chromosomes in a plant the law of segregation? 23) Which of the following isfalse, regarding C) It can account for the 3:1 ratio seen in crosses. D) It can be used to predict the likelihood of transmission of certain genetic 25) Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown 27) A couple has three children, all of whom (BB), but one is a blond (rr) and the other is a redhead (Rr). What is the probability that E) 1 35) In snapdragons heterozygotes have pink flowers, whereas homozygotes have red or flowers are crossed with plants with white flowers, what proportion of the offspring will have pink flowers? C)50% H) 100% 0)75% 8)25% A)0% 0)1/2 C)1/4 8)1/8 A)1/16 A)1/16 E)9/16 0)1/2 C)3/8 8)3/16 0)3/4 their third child will be an albino? 0)3/4 C)1/2 8)1/4 E)1 A)0 1/2 pigmentatiàn, what is the probability that will be an albino? 8) 1/4 57) If their first two childreii have normal A)0 trait phenotype for pigmentation who was an albino. Albinism is an autosomal recessive 0 but both had one parent infections from breathing difficulties t0 reairreit pancreas thedigestive systeni, and other orgafls resulting in homozygotes differs from the phenotypes of both phenotypic effects 0. epistasis. 0) TtRr tall and pink while red (R) flower color is dominant to white (r). The heterozygous condition results in pink (Ri ) flower color. A dwarf, 36) Tallness (T) is dominant to dwarfness (t), B) ttrr dwarf and white C) TLRr tall and red E) TTRR tall and red The questions below refrr to thefollowing terms. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. incomplete dominance B. multiple alleles C. pleiotropy 50) the ability of a single gene to have multiple 51) the ABO blood group system 52) the phenotype of the heterozygote 53) cystic fibrosis affects the lungs the syitlptoina ranging A woman and her spouse both show the normal 56) What is the probability that their first child H) 1 )

5 E) 0 0)1/4 chromosome, the higher the C)1/2 A) The doser two genes are on a B)3/4 4) Which of the following statements is (are) A)1 the disease, what is the probability that you, too, will have the disease? true? E) all of the above hemoglobin. 0) produce normal and abnormal C) have increased resistance to malaria. ) B) are usually healthy allele. A) are heterozygous for the jckle-cew 63) People with sickle-cell trait B) 100% 0)75% A) 0% C) 50% B)25% 0-3 and 0-4 wilihave wooly hair? 61) Whatisthelikelihood that the progeny of B) tow or Ww 0) WWorww C)ww B) Ww A)WW 60) What is the genotype of individual 13-5? Figure 14.1 WW Wi, A 2 recessive trait, wooly hair Affected individuals are indicated by an open square or circle fir afamily, some of whose members exhibit the The ilowing questions r the pediee chart in Figure dominant allele If one of your parents has 58) Huntington ts disease is caused by a D)AandE A)AandW C)EandG B)WandE expect the highest frequency of recombination? Between which two genes would you Ib 12 chromosome 13) The following is a map of four genes on a B) All of the offspring have B) Independent assortment is hindere& 0) Abnormal meiosis has occurred. C) The genes are located on sex of the two parents. combjnafiona of traits that match one different A) The two genes likelyare located on 7) What does a frequency of recombination oi 50% indicate? E) botha and C 0) mixing of sperm and egg C) independent assortment B)crossingover A) nondisjunction to which of the following? 6) New combinationa of linked genes are due E) A, B, and C are correct D)OnIy Band Care correct linked on the same chromosome. C) Two of the traits that Mendel studied maximum. value of 50%. seed color and flower color are far apart from each other has a recombination of two genes that are B) The observed frequency of probability that a crossover will occur between them. çrls

6 T. I D)3/4 C)1/2 B)1/4 A)O mutations on the X chromosome. often exacerbate the effects of often compensate for the effects of mutations. D) somatic cells of a male only E) mutations on the 1 chromosome often A) All the gametes will be diploid. chromosomes in females. have more mutations than X result a the completion of meiosis? t)) X chromosomes in males generally during gametogeflesis, what will be the mutations on the X. B) male hormones such as testosterone, somatic cells of a female only chromosome. B) sperm cells only exacerbate the effects of X-hnked B) Two gametes will ben +1, and two color-blind? that a son of this couple will be that triggers female development. B) a gene present on the X chromosome that triggers male development. E) Two of the four gametes will be haploid, and two will be diploii A) a gene present on the Y chromosome D) There will be three extra gametes. 31) SRYis n-1andtwowillben. C) One gamete will be n +1, one will be E) a nonduplication E) male-pattern baldness in humans. A woman with normal vision color-blind male. What is the probability D) hemophilia:. responsible for red-green color blindness B) an inversion has most likely occurred? 51) If a chromosome lacks certain genes, what will be n-i. A) males are hemizygot s for the X A) unfertilized egg cells only 47) If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis II color blind son. What are the. genotypes i a i a E) XCXC and. 57) D)XCXCandXCY The karyotype shown in Figure 15.5 is genetic disorders? whose father is color-blind marries a C) Klinefelter syndrome B) Down syndrome 37) A recessive allele on the X chromosome is A) Turner syndrome associated.with which of the following B)XCXCandXCY C) XCXC and XCY Figure 15.5 vrvc AVCV oftheparents? iid rio tilt X MI R ii i* (14. with normal color vision have a 81 recessive trait in humans. Two people j y 33) Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked sexlinked traits than females because nucleus of which kind of human cell? 26) Males are more often affected by 44) A Barr body is normally found in the C) female hormones such as estrogen A) disjunction E) both male and female somatic cells A,i.n. anin IT t 22 or females lacking the gene do not survive past early. E) required for development, and males D) a translocation chromosome. a aeletion the expression of genes on the x. D) an autosomal gene that is required for chromosome. the expression of genes on the,i C) an autosomal gene that is required for I

7 38)B 40)B 41)D 49)E 53)E 57)C Chapteri5 4)D 6)B 7)A 13)E 26)A 31)A 33)E 37)C 44)C 47)C 51)C 63)E 35)E 36)D 50)C 51)B 52)A 53)C 56)B 57)B 58)C 60)C 61)C 2)C 5)C 8)E 9)B 1O)B 11)D 12)E 24)D 23)E 25)D 27)D Chapter 14 38)B 40)B 41)D 49)E 53)E 3)E 4)E 5)E 1O)C 13)D 23)D 27)B 28)A 30)A 31)C 37)A Chapter 13 A 3 57)C 4)D 6)B 7)A 13)E 26)A 31)A 33)E 37)C 44)C 47)C 51)C Chapter 15 63)E 35)E 36)D 50)C 51)B 52)A 53)C 56)B 57)B 58)C 60)C 61)C 2)C 5)C 8)E 9)B 1O)B 11)D 12)E 24)D 23)E 25)D 27)D Chapter 14 3)E 4)E 5)E 1O)C 13)D 23)D 27)B 28)A 30)A 31)C 37)A Chapter 13

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