March 31, Aims: Agenda. SWBAT state Mendel s Laws of Inheritance

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1 March 31, 2017 Aims: SWBAT state Mendel s Laws of Inheritance Agenda 1. Do Now 2. Class Notes 3. Guided Practice 4. Independent Practice 5. Practicing our AIMS: G.6-Mendel s Laws How will you help our class earn all of our S.T.R.I.V.E. Points? This is a BEASTIE unit! Stay on top of HW! 1

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3 SCIENCE 8 Mendel s Laws G.6 Name: Date: Homeroom: Heredity OBJECTIVES: By the end of class, students will be able to SWBAT state Mendel s Laws of Inheritance DO NOW I m the cute one Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis. CONCEPT REVIEW A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells are produced and what number of chromosomes do they have? 3

4 CLASS NOTES While Mendel was crossing his pea plants, he noticed something interesting: Parent Pea Plants (all purebred) F1 Pea Plants (hybrid) tall stem x short stem yellow seeds x green seeds green pea pods x yellow pea pods round seeds x wrinkled seeds flowers on side x flowers at top THE LAW OF DOMINANCE: There is a factor that controls a plant s height. One version of the factor makes pea plants tall, and another version that makes pea plants short. Furthermore, when the different versions of the factor are mixed, the tall version seems to the short version. EXAMPLE There is a in the DNA of pea plants that controls One form of the gene ( ) codes for tall, and the other for plant height codes for short. Gene Pair Described As Expressed Trait TT Tt tt purebred dominant hybrid purebred recessive **Note: the only way the recessive trait is expressed is if the gene pair has 2 lowercase letters: ****Also note: (and that is Mendel's Law of Dominance in a nutshell). 4

5 After establishing the Law of Dominance, Mendel began crossing the hybrid F1 offspring. The parent plants for this cross each had one tall allele that dominates the short allele and caused them to grow. To get short plants from these parents, the tall and short alleles of the gene pair must have ; otherwise a plant with just short alleles couldn't be produced. THE LAW OF SEGREGATION: The allele pair recombine during fertilization. themselves during meiosis and **Note: Any time two parents have the same expressed trait but some of their with respect to that trait, the for that trait. 5

6 Mendel noticed during all his work that the height of the plant and the shape of the seeds and the color of the pods had on one another. In other words, being tall didn't automatically mean the plants had to have green pods, nor did green pods have to be filled only with wrinkled seeds. Different traits are inherited the inheritance of each other. They THE LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT: 6

7 GUIDED PRACTICE 1. A cat has the genotype Bb for brown fur. Predict the genetic makeup of the cat s sex cells. Then, explain why fertilization uses sex cells rather than body cells. 2. A plant with green leaves and a tall height is crossed with a plant with yellow leaves and a short height. Identify the possible leaf color and height combinations their offspring may express. Then, explain how individual traits are inherited. 7

8 INDEPENDENT PRACTICE Directions: For each key term, explain the big idea to a kindergartener. Then, draw a picture to illustrate the word. Term Concept Picture LAW OF DOMINANCE LAW OF SEGREGATION LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT CHECK YO SELF The mating of two curly-haired brown guinea pigs results in some offspring with brown curly hair, some with brown straight hair, some with white curly hair, and even some with white straight hair. This cross illustrates which of Mendel's Laws? Support your reasoning: A. Dominance B. Segregation C. Independent Assortment 8

9 A white-flowered plant is crossed with a red-flowered plant. All of the F1 offspring from the cross are white. 1. Which allele is dominant? Justify your conclusion 2. What are the allele pairs of the original parent plants? Justify your conclusion. 3. What is the allele pair of all the F1 offspring? Justify your conclusion. 4. Which of Mendel's Laws is best illustrated in this question? Explain how is relates. 9

10 A fly has the allele pair Rr for eye color. 1. State the Law of Segregation and how it relates to the genetic make-up of the fly s sex cells. 2. State the Law of Independent Assortment and how it affects the expressed traits of the fly s offspring. 10

11 HIGH SCHOOL CHALLENGE 1. A mutation changes a gene in a cell in the stomach of an organism. This mutation could cause a change in A. both the organism and its offspring B. the organism, but not its offspring C. its offspring, but not the organism itself D. neither the organism nor its offspring 2. Which cell is normally produced as a direct result of meiosis? A. a body cell having half the normal species number of chromosomes B. an egg having the full species number of chromosomes C. a fertilized cell having the full species number of chromosomes D. a sperm having half the normal species number of chromosomes 3. A child has brown hair and brown eyes. His father has brown hair and blue eyes. His mother has red hair and brown eyes. The best explanation for the child having brown hair and brown eyes is that A. a gene mutation occurred that resulted in brown hair and brown eyes B. gene expression must change in each generation so evolution can occur C. the child received genetic information from each parent D. cells from his mother s eyes were present in the fertilized egg 4. Which diagram most correctly represents the process of mitosis? 11

12 TRIMESTER THROWBACK 12

13 Science 8 Name: SKILL SNAPSHOT Date: G.6: Mendel s Laws Homeroom: Quick Notes: Directions: Support your selection by jotting down your reasoning. Like A Scholar? Yes No Redo? Yes No Question 1. Mendel s idea that pairs of alleles separate during meiosis is called Reasoning A. the law of inheritance. B. the law of dominance. C. the law of segregation. D. the law of independent assortment. 2. The allele that hides the expression of the other is and the hidden allele is A. purebred, hybrid B. hybrid, purebred C. dominant, recessive D. recessive, dominant 3. A cross between a purebred purple flower and purebred white flower produces offspring all with purple flowers. This demonstrates A. the law of inheritance. B. the law of dominance. C. the law of segregation. D. the law of independent assortment. 4. Mendel s laws are explained by A. chromosome behavior in mitosis. B. chromosome behavior in meiosis. C. cytokinesis in mitosis and meiosis. D. Mendel s laws have not yet been explained. 13

14 5. A dog with black fur and a short tail is crossed with a dog with white fur and a long tail. Identify the possible fur and tail combinations their puppies may express. Then, explain how individual traits are inherited. CONCEPT REVIEW 6. The process of mitosis normally results in the production of A. four cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent B. two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent C. two cells with only one chromosome from each parent D. one cell with a replicated set of matched chromosomes 7. The process of meiosis normally results in the production of A. four cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent B. two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent C. two cells with only one chromosome from each parent D. one cell with a replicated set of matched chromosomes 14