HOLIDAYS HOMEWORK CLASS XII BIOLOGY ( )

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HOLIDAYS HOMEWORK CLASS XII BIOLOGY (2018-19) Theory: Practice Assignment sheet based on Unit VI (Reproduction) and Ch-5 of Unit VII.

Assignment Class XII Ch-1,2 (One Mark Question) 1. Name one unicellular organism and one multicellular organism, both of which reproduce asexually by budding. 2.

1 HOLIDAYS HOMEWORK CLASS XII BIOLOGY ( ) Theory: Practice Assignment sheet based on Unit VI (Reproduction) and Ch-5 of Unit VII. Completion of NCERT questions and NCERT Exemplar questions of all chapters of Unit VI Practical: Completion of Investigatory Project and practical file as discussed in class. Assignment Class XII Ch-1,2 (One Mark Question) 1. Name one unicellular organism and one multicellular organism, both of which reproduce asexually by budding. 2. Name any two man-made or artificial methods of vegetative propagation. 3. What happens to the zygote of algae and fungi, as soon as they are formed? 4. Define parthenogenesis. 5. Name two plants where the sepals are persistent on the fruits. 6. What type of nuclear division does the nucleus of a functional megaspore undergo? 7. Define pollination. 8. Give the technical term of the type of a pollination which ensures genetic recombination. 9. Define anemophily. 10. Why the Eichhornia or lotus is not pollinated by water? 11. What is the function of synergids? 12. Write the scientific name of the insect that pollinates Yucca spp. 13. Write the scientific name of the seed that remained viable about years and then germinated. (Two Mark Question) 1. How are the following vegetatively propagated? a) Chrysanthemum b) Cynodon c) Bryophyllum d) Sugar cane 2. Name the asexual reproductive structure formed in each of the following: a) Penicillium b) Hydra c) Sponge d) Spirogyra 3 Name two groups of organism for each of the following condition: a) Both male and female gametes are motile b) Male gametes are motile and female gametes are stationary 4) What do the following part of a flower form, after fertilization? a) Zygote b) Ovary wall c) Ovules d) Sepals 5 Differentiate between morula and blastula. 6. Draw a well labelled diagram of the sectional view of a pollen grain. 7. What is hesterostyly? 8. Bring out the differences between flowers pollinated by abiotic agents and those pollinated by biotic agent. 9. Differentiate between syngamy and triple fussion. (Three Marks Question) 1. Give three reasons as to why reproduction has great significance in the life of organism. 2. Show only by diagrams the binary fission that occurs in Amoeba. 3. Describe the endogenous budding that occur in sponge. 4. What are vegetative propagules? Name any four of them. 5. Draw a well labeled diagram of a young anther as seen in transverse section. 6. What technical term is given to pollination by birds? Name any four bird-pollinated flowers.

2 (Five Marks Questions) 1. Describe the structure of a young anther as seen in the tranverse section. 2. Trace the development of a microsporocyte into a mature pollen grain. HOT Questions: 1. Internodal segments of sugar cane fail to propagate vegetatively, even if they are contact in wet soil. Give reason. 2. Both frog and reptile are oviparous animals; yet they show certain differences in their reproduction. Bring out the differences. Assignment Class XII Ch-3(One Mark Question) 1. What is the function of secretion of Cowper s gland? 2. Name the fluid fill cavity in a Graafian follicle. 3. What collective term is given two the chemicals (of enzyme nature) in the acrosome of a human sperms? 4. Name the hormone known as a) Pregnancy hormone b) Childbirth hormone respectively. 5. Define incomplete dominance. 6. What name is given to female determining genes in Drosophila? Where are they located? 7. Define linkage. 8. How is the trait under study indicated in a pedigree chart? (Two Mark Question) 1. Where are Leyding cell located? What is their function? 2. What are fimbriae in human female reproductive system? What is their function? 3. Differentiate between primary follicle and secondary follicle. 4. What is the influence of LH on the Ovary? 5. Mention the function of amniotic fluid. 6. What is foetal ejection reflex? Where do the signals for it come from? 7. What is colostrum? What is the significance to the infant? 8. Differentiate between euploidy and aneuploidy. 9. Answer the following with regards to karyotyping in human. a) Which cells are normally cultured? b) At the stage is the cell division arrested? c) Which chemical is used to arrest the cell division? (Three Marks Question) 1. Draw the well labeled diagram of a mature/graafian follicle. 2. Describe the events that take place in the ovaries and uterus during proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. 3. Trace the hormonal control of parturition. 4. Describe in detail the structure of a human spermatozoon. 5. Describe the observation Mendal made in his experiments on garden pea. 6. Represent only by diagrams how crossing over results in two parental and recombinant type of chromatids. (Five Marks Questions) 1. a) State Mendal s principle of independent assortment of character. b) Explain in detail the meaning of phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1 in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross taking the example of tall and dwarf plant bearing colored and white flowers respectively, in garden pea.

3 Ch- Human Reproduction 1. Failure of testes to descend into scrotal sacs leads to sterility. Why? 2. Both vaccine and colostrum produce immunity. Name type of immunity produced by these. 3. How many sperms will be produced from 10 primary spermatocytes and how many eggs will be produced from 10 primary oocytes? 4. The spermatogonial cell has 46 chromosomes in human male. Give the number of chromosomes in (a) Primary spermatocyte (b) Spermatid 5. In ovary which structure transforms as corpus luteum and name the hormone secreted by corpus luteum? 6. Each and every coitus do not result in fertilisation and pregnancy. Justify the statement. Ch- Reproductive Health 1. Give the term for prenatal diagnostic technique aimed to know the sex of developing foetus and to detect congenital disorders. 2. After a successful in vitro fertilization, the fertilized egg begins to divide. Where is this egg transferred before it reaches the 8-celled stage and what is this technique called? 3. Give the term for rapid population growth. 4. Name the fluid from which foetal cells are extracted for chromosomal analysis. 5. Give technical name of female used to bring up in vitro fertilized egg to maturity. 6. Name the oral contraceptive developed by CDRI, Lucknow. (2 MARKS) 7. Lactational Amenorrhea is a method of contraception Justify. What is the maximum effectiveness of this method in terms of period/duration? 8. How are non medicated IUDS different from hormone releasing IUDS? Give examples. 9. What are implants? How do they help in preventing fertilisation? 10. Briefly explain two natural barriers for birth control. 11. Enlist any four possible reasons for infertility in human beings. (3 MARKS) 12. Give another name for sexually transmitted diseases. Name two sexually transmitted diseases which are curable and two diseases which are not curable. 13. Differentiate between Vasectomy and Tubectomy. 14. Name the techniques which are employed in following cases: (a) Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce ova but can provide suitable environment for fertilization and development. Ch-4 Reproductive Health 1. Why is the period between the 10 day and 17 day of menstrual cycle known as fertile period? 2. Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive method. Justify. 3. After a successful in vitro fertilization, the fertilized egg begins to divide. Where is this egg transferred before it reaches the 8 cell stage and what is the technique named? 4. Explain briefly amniocentesis. Mention one positive and one negative application of amniocentesis. 5. A mother of one year old daughter wants to space her second child. Her doctor suggested Cu T. Explain its contraceptive action. 6. a. What does gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) represent? b. Explain IVF and ET. 7. The procedure of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the fallopian tube. Can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result? Explain. 8. Why is the term test tube baby a misnomer? 9. Name the hormonal composition of the oral contraceptive used by females. Explain how it acts as a contraceptive.

4 10. a. Explain IUD. b. Why is hormone releasing IUD considered a good contraceptive to space?

5 CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION LEVEL-I Q.1. Mendel s work was rediscovered by three scientists independently. Name them. Q2. How do we predict the frequency of crossing over between any two linked genes? Q3. Why did Mendel select pea plant for his experiment? Q4. In a monohybrid cross the genotypic and phenotypic ratio is 1:2:1. What type of Inheritance is it example of? Give one example. Q5. If a human zygote has XXY sex chromosomes along with 22 pairs of autosomes. What sex will the individual be? Name the syndrome. Q6. Which of the following is dominant and recessive trait in garden peatall stem, constricted pod. Q7. The genes for hemophilia are located on sex chromosome of humans. It is normally impossible for a hemophilic father to pass the gene to his son. Why? Q8. Sex of the child is determined by father and not by mother in humans? Justify. Q9. What is trisomy? Give one example. Q10. A man with AB blood group marries a woman with AB blood group. (i) Work out all possible genotypes & phenotypes of the progeny. (ii) Discuss the kind of domination in the parents & progeny. Q11. A dihybrid heterozygous round, yellow seeded garden pea was crossed with a double recessive plant.

6 (i) What type of cross is this? (ii) Work out the genotype & phenotype of the progeny. (iii) What principle of Mendel is illustrated by it? Q12. Describe the nature of inheritance of the ABO blood group in humans. In which ways does this inheritance differ from that of height of the plant in garden pea? LEVEL-II 1. Name the Mendel s law which states that gene pairs assort randomly or independently of one another? 2. What is Aneuploidy? 3. What is point mutation? Give an example? 4. What is the cytological basis of Down s syndrome? 5. Define test cross. 6. A child is born with XXY chromosomal constitution, what will be the syndrome? 8. How many autosomes are found in a single mature human sperm or ovum? 10. What is frame shift mutation? 11. What is multiple allelism? 12. Define the terms genetics and inheritance. 13. What is emasculation? 14. What is true breeding line for a trait? 15. What is linkage? 16. What is crossing over? 17. A garden pea plant produced axial white flowers. Another of the same species produced terminal violet flowers. Identify the dominant traits. 20. In the following pedigree chart, state if the trait is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or sex linked. Give a reason for your answer. 21. Name one autosomal dominant and one autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder in humans 22. What are the advantages of pedigree analysis? 23. What is incomplete dominance, explain with Punnett square? 24. Why did Mendel select pea plant for his genetic experiments? 25. A true breeding tall plant is crossed with a true breeding dwarf plant. F1 progeny is 100% tall and F2 has tall : dwarf in the ratio 3:1 Explain why? (i) F1 shows only one type of parental phenotype; (ii) F2 shows both parental phenotypes 26. In a pea plant round seed is dominant over wrinkled seed. What will be the expected Phenotypic ratio of the offspring in a cross between a. Heterozygous round and heterozygous round. b. Homozygous round and heterozygous round c. Heterozygous round and wrinkled 27. Inheritance patterns of flower colour in garden pea plant and snap dragon differs. Why is the difference observed? Explain the difference in their inheritance patterns with the help of crosses. 28. In a particular plant species, majority of the plants bear purple flowers. Very few plants bear white flowers. No intermediate colours are observed. If you are given a plant bearing purple flowers, how would you ascertain that it is a pure breed for that trait? Explain. 29. Explain the phenomena of multiple allelism and co-dominance taking ABO blood group as an example. 30. A man with blood group A married a woman with B group. They have a son with AB blood group and a daughter with blood group O. Work out the cross and show the possibility of such inheritance. 31. Who proposed chromosomal theory of inheritance? What are the main concepts of it?

7 32. Why was Drosophila selected for genetic experiments by T.H. Morgan? 33. T.H. Morgan, during a dihybrid cross in drosophila between white eyed, yellow bodied female and red eyed, brown bodied male found that phenotypic ratios deviated from expected 9:3:3:1 ratio. Explain the conclusion he arrived at. 34. Explain the reasons for the change in the parental and non- parental gene combinations in genetic crosses. How has it been utilized in further genetic studies? 35. Explain sex determination mechanism in human? How is it different from birds? 36. In our society the women are blamed for giving birth to daughters. Can you explain why this is not correct? 37. What is female heterogamy? Is the egg or sperm responsible for the sex of individual in humans? 38. The male fruit fly and female fowl are heterogametic while the female fruit fly and the male fowl are homogametic. Why are they called so? 39. Why is hemophilia generally observed in human males? Explain the conditions under which a human female can be haemophilic. Or Why is it that the father never passes on the gene for haemophilia to his sons? Explain 40. A non-haemophilic couple was informed by their doctor that there is possibility of a haemophilic child be born to them. Draw a checker board and find out the percentage of possibility of such child in the progeny. 41. A normal visioned woman, whose father is colour blind, marries a normal visioned man.what would be the probability of her sons and daughters to be colour blind? 42. Explain the cause of Sickle-cell Anaemia and its inheritance. 43. Name a disorder, give the karyotype and write the symptoms where a human male suffers as a result of monosomy of the sex chromosome. Or Name the phenomenon that leads to situations like XO abnormality in humans. How do humans with XO abnormality suffer? Explain. 44. Explain the inheritance phenomenon responsible for skin colour in human. 45.What is dihybrid cross? Explain Law of independent assortment taking example of seed shape and seed colour in pea plant. 46. A true breeding pea plant homozygous for axial violet flowers (AAVV) is crossed with another pea plant with terminal white flowers (aavv). (i)what would be the phenotype and genotype of F1 and F2 generation? (ii)give the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation. (iii)list the generalizations of Mendel that can be derived from the above cross. 47. A true breeding pea plant homozygous for inflated green pods is crossed with another pea plant with constricted yellow pods (ffgg). (i)what would be the phenotype and genotype of F1 and F2 generation? (ii)give the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation. (iii)list the generalizations of Mendel that can be derived from the above cross. 48. (i) How does a Chromosomal disorder differ from a Mendelian disorder? (ii) Name any two chromosomal aberration associated disorders. (iii) List the characteristics of the disorders mentioned above that help in their diagnosis

PRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE AND

29 CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. All genes located on the same chromosome: a. Form different groups depending upon their relative distance b. Form one linkage