HOLIDAY HOMEWORK FOR CLASS XII STUDENTS

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1 FOR CLASS XII STUDENTS PROJECT WORK TO BE COMPLETED ON THE RESPECTIVE TOPIC ALLOTTED BY THE SUBJECT TEACHER SUBJECTIVE QUESTION BANK SUBJECT-BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 1 TO 4

2 CHAPTER-1- REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS 1. What are vegetative propagules? 2. What is clone? 3. Name a multicellular organism which reproduces by budding. 4. What is life span? 5. Which type of organisms reproduces by binary fission? 6. Define external fertilization? Mention its disadvantages? 7. Compare monoecious&dioeciousplants? 8. What is a meiocyte? 9. Why is date palm referred to as dioecious? 10. What is parthenogenesis. Give Example? 11. Mention the reason for difference in ploidy of zygote and primary endosperm nucleus in angiosperm 12. What are vegetative propagules. Name any four of them and give example? Eg.- rhizome of ginger, leaf bud of bryophyllum, bulb of onion, offset of pistia. 13. What is special in flowering in bamboo? 14. Define clone? 15. What is vegetative propagule? 16. Distinguish between. 1) Oviparous & viviparous. 2) External & internal fertilization. 17. Describe major events of sexual reproduction? 18. Describe vegetative reproduction in plants? 19. Name the common asexual reproductive structures found in penicillium and sponge? 20. Give two examples of animals in which oestrus cycle occurs? 21. What is Parthenogenesis? 22. Name the two stages that a zygote undergoes during embryogenesis? 23. Identify whether the following parts are haploid (n) or diploid (2n) a) Zygote b) Ovary 24. Define : a) Juvenile Phase b) Senescent Phase. 25. Define external fertilization? Mention its disadvantages. 26. What are staminate and pistillate flowers? Name the types of gametes that are formed in staminate and pistillateflowers? 27. Describe with suitable diagrams. a) Budding in yeast b)binary fission in amoebae. 28. a)differentiate between gametogenesis from embryogenesis. b) Differentiate between zoospore & Zygote. 29. Diagrammatically represents asexually reproduction in yeast? Cucurbits are called monoecious. Justify? 30. If chromosomes number in meiocyte in rat, elephant and rice is 42,56,24 what will be the chromosomes number in theiergamet? 31. i. Amoeba is immortal. Explain? ii. Which is the first diploid single cell which begins life? iii What is the fate of zygote in organism which show (1)Haplontic life cycle (2)Diplontic life cycle iv What type gamete are formed in staminate and pistillate flowers?

3 32. Name the organisms with respect to their sexuality? i) Monoecious animal ii) Dioecious animal iii) Monoecious plant iv) Dioecious plant 33. Why higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity? CHAPTER- 2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS 1. How can you distinguish between Xenogamy and geitonogamy? 2. How can we say that PEN is the result of triple fusion? 3. Why cellular endosperm is the most common type of endosperm in Plant kingdom? 4. Name the ploidy of meiocyte cells, which undergoes meiosis division for the development of mature embryo sac and show it diagrammatically. 5. What will be the adaptive features in an anemophyllus flower? 6. Distinguish b/w : a) Apomixsis& parthenogenesis b) Syngamy& triple fusion 7. Why is bagging essential during artificial hybridization? 8. What type of pollination will take place if plant shows self incompatibility? 9. Observe the diagram carefully and answer the following questions a):is it a fertilized or unfertilized embryo sac? b) how many cells & nucleus are there in the embryo sac? c) Mention the fate of polar nuclei,synergids and antipodal cells. 10. Only the functional megaspore develops into embryo sac. What type of development would you call it? 11. What is the main function of sporopollenin? 12. Banana is the parthenocarpic fruit where as oranges show polyembryony.howare they different from each other with respect to seeds? 13. An anther with malfunctioning tapetum often fails to produce viable male gametophytes. Give one reason. 14. Themeiocyte of rice has 24 chromosomes.how many chromosomes are present in endosperm of rice? 15. What do you technically call the water that you drink and the kernel that you eat in a tender coconut? 16. Cleistogamous flowers of commelina are invariably autogamous.mention it one advantage and one disadvantage to the plant. 17. Why is an apple called a false fruit and a banana a parthenocarpic fruit explain. 18. Distinguish between geitonogamy and xenogamy. 19. Write the advantages of cross pollination 20. Trace the development of megaspore mother cell up to the formation of a mature embryo sac in a flowering plant. 21. Define apomixis. Mention two applications of apomicts to hybrid seed industry. How is it different from polyembryony? 22. Draw the embryo sac of a flowering plant and label (i)central cell (ii)chalazal end of the embryo sac (iii)synergids 23. (a)draw a schematic labelled diagram of a fertilized embryo sac of an angiosperm (b)describe the stages in embryo development in a dicot plant.(cbse -2011) 24. Draw a labelled diagram of an anther lobe at microspore-mother cell stage.mention the roles of different wall layers of anther?also write the functions of epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, tapetum

4 25. Give reasons why: (i)most zygotes in angiosperms divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed. (ii)groundnut seeds are exalbuminous and caster seeds are albuminous. (iii)micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat of a seed. (iv)integuments of an ovule harden and the water content is highly reduced,as the seed matures. (v)apple And cashew are not called true fruits. CHAPTER-3 HUMAN REPRODUCTION 1. Where does fertilization occur? What is the name of divisions in the isthumus region of fallopian tube? 2. Name the hormone secreted from empty tertiary oocyte and what is the future of such structure? 3. Name the hormones secreted during pregnancy. 4. Which part of blastocyst help in the formation of placenta? Give one more function of this layer. 5. Which part in the male reproductive system stores sperms? 6. When a male is known as sterile? 7. What is the site for spermatogenesis? 8. In which part corpus luteum is formed? 9. Name the site of fertilization in humans? 10. Describe the terms menarche and menopause. 11. Where are leydig cells located? Which hormone they secret? 12. Give hormonal control for Oogenesis? 13. What is pregnancy hormone? Why it is called so? 14. Define (i) Insemination (ii) Gestation 15. Give any four functions of placenta. 16. Describe menstrual cycle in detail. 17. How does parturition takes place in humans? 18. Differentiate between spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis? 19. Describe the events taking place during embryogenesis? 20. How polyspermy is prevented in humans? 21. Differentiate between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in human? 22. Describe the various stages in the development of human embryo. 23. Describe the following: Various stages of Spermatogenesis Various stages of oogenesis Hormonal control of spermatogenesis Hormonal control of oogenesis Structure of mature ovum 24. Why cleavage is called as fractionating process? 25. Which type of placenta is found in man? 26. Describe the mechanism the prevent polyspermy in human.

5 CHAPTER-4 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 1. Define the term population explosion? 2. Name two causes which have declined the death rate. 3. List two factors which hinder the measures to control human population in India. 4. What is significance of IUDs? 5. Give technical name of female used to bring up in vitro fertilized ovum to maturity. 6. Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the last 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement. 7. Amniocentesis, the foetal sex determination test is banned in our country. Is it necessary? Comment. 8. Expand the term GIFT? 9. At what stage is the embryo implanted in uterus of mother (test tube baby)? 10. When was MTP legalized in India? 11. Expand the term RCH care? 12. What are two advantages of technique amniocentesis? 13. What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contacting STDs? 14. Differentiate between Tubectomy and Vasectomy? 15. Name some assisted reproductive technologies which have decreased the number of cases of infertile couples? 16. Describe the methods of birth control by which fertilization of ovum by sperm is prevented? 17. Suggest measures for control of human population growth rate in our country. 18. What is the mechanism of the action of contraceptive pills? 19. How are injectables or implants useful in preventing conceptions? 20. Why are sperms produced in such a large amount at one time to fertilise one ovum only? 21. Why is Saheli considered an effective contraceptive for women to space children? 22. An infertile couple is advised to adopt test tube baby programme.list only basic steps of the procedure that would involve to conceive a baby. 23. Describe the different types of IUDs available at present,with an eg. for each. 24. Comment on the essential features required for an ideal contraceptive. 25. How do surgical procedures prevent contraception in humans?

REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS

REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS Reproduction: Reproduction is defined as a biological process in which an organism gives rise to young ones (offspring) similar to itself. Life span of different organisms Name