The role of alcohol policies to prevent in9mate partner violence and sexual violence perpetra9on

Transcription

1 Welcome, This Web Conference Will Begin Soon The role of alcohol policies to prevent in9mate partner violence and sexual violence perpetra9on 1 PreventConnect 1215 K Street Suite 1850 Sacramento CA Website: preventconnect.org info@preventconnect.org Group: preventconnect.org/ - group elearning: learn.preventconnect.org Wiki: wiki.preventconnect.org preventconnect.org/facebook preventconnect.org/twiper preventconnect.org/flickr preventconnect.org/youtube preventconnect.org/linkedin preventconnect.org/pinterest 2 How to use this technology Raise hand Text chat & private chat PowerPoint slides Polling quesfons Phone Closed capfoning Web conference guidelines Please send a private chat message for help. Call ilinc Technical Support at PreventConnect is a national project of the California Coalition Against Sexual Assault sponsored by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The views and information provided in this web conference do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. government, CDC or CALCASA. 3 1

2 PreventConnect DomesFc violence/infmate partner violence Sexual violence Violence across the lifespan Prevent before violence starts Connect to other forms of violence & oppression Connect to other prevenfon pracffoners Web Conferences Making ConnecFons, Honoring CommuniFes February 26 Using Popular EducaFon to Engage CommuniFes in Sexual Violence PrevenFon March 25 SupporFng Community Culture as Norms Change Strategy for PrevenFng Sexual and DomesFc Violence March 26 The role of alcohol policies to prevent infmate partner violence and sexual violence perpetrafon April 9: Men of Color and Community Trauma PrevenFon: What do Sexual and DomesFc Violence efforts offer to support well- being? May 7 FoundaFons to the Future: A PrevenFon approach to Sexual and DomesFc Violence June 11 Linking with child focused approaches when prevenfng sexual and domesfc violence July 9 Joint Strategies: How does Sexual and DomesFc Violence bezer leverage local health, jusfce, educafon and community sectors? August 13 Closing the Loop: Increasing investment and sustainability for Sexual and DomesFc Violence PrevenFon THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL POLICIES TO PREVENT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE PERPETRATION 6 2

3 ObjecFves Describe the challenges in addressing alcohol in sexual violence and infmate partner violence prevenfon efforts Describe the opportunifes that addressing alcohol policy provides for sexual violence and infmate partner violence prevenfon efforts idenffy the next acfon they will take to address alcohol policy in their own prevenfon work The findings and conclusions in this review are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 7 From your experiences as an advocate How oaen is alcohol involved in sexual violence or domes9c violence incidents> 8 Alcohol, DomesFc Violence, and Sexual Violence Strong relafonship between alcohol and sexual violence and infmate partner violence 34-74% of SV perpetrators used alcohol at Fme of the assault As many as 2 out of 3 IPV vicfms report their assailant was drinking at the Fme. 9 3

4 What is the rela9onship between alcohol, IPV and rape? 10 What the challenges in talking about alcohol and IPV/SV? 11 Alcohol seen as Cause of Violence A prevailing myth about domesfc violence is that alcohol and drugs are the major causes of domesfc abuse. In reality, some abusers rely on substance use (and abuse) as an excuse for becoming violent. Alcohol allows the abuser to jusffy his abusive behavior as a result of the alcohol. From Larry W. BenneZ, in Substance Abuse and Woman Abuse by Male Partners (1997). 12 4

5 Alcohol & VicFm Blaming doublex/2013/10/ sexual_assault_and_drinking_teach_wom en_the_connecfon.html October 15, Move from Individual to Policy 14 Presenters Sarah DeGue, Ph.D. Centers for Disease Control and PrevenFon Megan Kearns, Ph.D, Centers for Disease Control and PrevenFon Carrie Lippy, Ph.D. The Northwest Network of Bisexual, Trans, Lesbian & Gay Survivors of Abuse 15 5

6 New ArFcles January 2015, 76(1): hzp:// first published on November 16, 2014 as doi: / hzp://tva.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/11/14/ full.pdf 16 Have you read? Answer on the len Have you read either of these ar9cles? 17 Resources publicafons- research- briefs/key- findings- exploring- alcohol- policy- approaches 6

7 Why Policy Approaches to SV/IPV Prevention? Need strategies that impact community and societal level risk/protecfve factors CDC is working to idenffy promising policy strategies Policies can: Have broad impact with few resources Modify behavior by changing the environment, social norms, or expectafons/outcomes (i.e., reward/ punishment) Complement change at individual and relafonship levels Alcohol policy is a first step but not the last 19 Why alcohol policies? ConnecFng the Dots Impact on other forms of violence Delinquency Physical assault Homicide Strong relafonship between alcohol and sexual violence and infmate partner violence 34-74% of SV perpetrators used alcohol at Fme of the assault As many as 2 out of 3 IPV vicfms report their assailant was drinking at the Fme. How might alcohol policy prevent IPV/SV perpetrafon? Reducing excessive consumpfon Pharmacological effects on cognifon and behavior CogniFve effects of alcohol interact with individual risk factors and sociocultural norms about alcohol, sex & gender Excessive Alcohol Use Socio- CogniFve Effects SV/IPV Alcohol Policy Individual Risk & Sociocultural Norms 7

8 How might alcohol policy prevent IPV/SV perpetrafon? Reducing social disorganizafon More alcohol outlets and access to alcohol is associated with rates of violence in communifes, including SV/IPV May contribute to social disorganizafonà azract high- risk individuals, physical signs of social disorder Alcohol Outlets/Access Social DisorganizaFon SV/IPV Alcohol Policy What are the advantages of using policy change to prevent SV/IPV? 23 IdenFfying Promising Policies Two reviews SV and IPV QualitaFve Outcome EvaluaFons UFlized evidence from: Primary empirical research SystemaFc reviews Meta- analyses Governmental and non- governmental agency reports Sources idenffied through searches in: Social science, economic and law databases Online resources (e.g., Alcohol Policy InformaFon System) Reference lists in arfcles 24 8

9 Outcomes Included in Review In9mate Partner Violence IPV perpetrafon or vicfmizafon Included evidence for other types of violence where applicable. Sexual Violence SV perpetrafon or vicfmizafon Hypothesized mediators (e.g., alcohol consumpfon; social disorganizafon) Risk factors for SV perpetrafon and related outcomes (e.g., general aggressiveness, IPV, risky sexual behaviors, sexual health outcomes) 25 Types of Policies Reviewed In9mate Partner Violence Pricing Sale Time Outlet Density Sexual Violence Pricing Sale Time Outlet Density Drinking Environment MarkeFng College Policies 26 FINDINGS BY POLICY TYPE 9

10 3/25/15 Pricing Policies Types of policies that affect price: Taxes: excise, ad valorem, sales Happy Hour RestricFons 35 states have not adjusted alcohol taxes based on inflafon, losing 50% of value compared to (Alcohol Epidemiology Program, 2000). Pricing Policy Research Research suggests that beer price is associated with: rape and sexual assault crime data alcohol consumpfon violent crime, sexually transmized infecfons, risky sexual behaviors Drink specials associated with consumpfon No significant impact on rates of IPV Study limitafons (focus on infmate partner homicide only, pregnant women only, etc.) 29 Alcohol Outlet Density State and local policies regulafng the number of alcohol outlets within a region or populafon On- Premise Outlets Off- Premise Outlets Types of policies that affect outlet density: PrivaFzaFon Dry CounFes Zoning Licensing 10

11 Outlet Density Research No studies on direct impact of alcohol outlet policies on IPV/SV or violence in general Greater density (regardless of policy) associated with: IPV/SV rates Alcohol consumpfon Rates of assaults, violent crime, and injury Findings inconsistent on whether off- premise vs. on- premise outlet density is more relevant in predicfng IPV Sale Time Policies State and local policies regulafng the hours and/or days of alcohol sales Policies regulafng hours of sale onen vary at the local level 14 states restrict alcohol sales on Sunday Sale Time Policies: Research Most studies suggest that hours of sale are associated with: general violence rates alcohol consumpfon Maintaining current limits on days of sale is a recommended strategy to reduce alcohol- related harm Dose- response relafonship (change of <2 hrs not as effecfve) Inconsistent findings on IPV & related outcomes No studies with SV outcomes 33 11

12 Drinking Environment Policies State, local & corporate policies aimed at increasing the safety of drinking environments Enhanced enforcement Dram shop liability Responsible Beverage Service training Other training programs 36 states have policies requiring or urging server training programs 34 Drinking Environment Policies: Research No studies on IPV/SV outcomes Limited evidence on risk factors and related outcomes Mixed effects on consumpfon Violence- specific training è physical aggression 35 Colleges and UniversiFes What policies could have impact to reduce sexual violence and IPV on campuses? 36 12

13 University policies decreasing college students access to & consumpfon of alcohol Alcohol- free dorms Alcohol- free campuses Campus- wide alcohol educafon campaigns College Policies Many other policies also apply to college students (Fresno State Social Norms Project) 37 College Policies: Research Some evidence on associafon with SV Substance- free dorms & alcohol- free campuses Substance- free dorms unwanted sexual advances date rape and sexual assault Some evidence on risk factors & related outcomes consumpfon, delinquency & injury LiZle evidence for social norms campaigns 38 Marketing Policies $45 million Federal, state, and local regulafons of alcohol markefng TV, print, billboards, sponsorships, product placement, internet ads Most studied policies in the U.S.: State- level restricfons on billboard adverfsements State- level restricfons of adverfsements of alcohol prices 39 13

14 Marketing Policies: Research Mixed evidence on consumpfon Strong evidence on general effects of markefng Limited but encouraging evidence on associafon with SV: Areas with sexist alcohol ads associated with SV No evidence on risk factors and related outcomes 40 Overview of IPV/SV PrevenFon Using Alcohol Policies Areas with encouraging evidence; may be ripe for future evaluafons: Pricing strategies Outlet density College policies Areas with some evidence; more research needed to understand IPV/SV prevenfon potenfal Drinking environment/responsible Beverage Service Sale Fme Alcohol markefng 41 Conclusion Some alcohol policy approaches may be useful components of comprehensive IPV/SV prevenfon strategies 42 14

15 Gaps and Next Steps Future research needed: Examining direct effects of policies on rates of SV/IPV On U.S. policies and populafons Focusing on enacfng and implemenfng policies Exploring other theorefcal links between alcohol policies and public health outcomes Mind the Research Gap ImplicaFons for prevenfon What do you see as the preven9on implica9ons from these findings? 44 What can you do now? InvesFgate exisfng alcohol policies in your own state and local communifes State- by- state resource on mulfple alcohol policies hzps://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/home.html State- by- state resource on preempfon laws hzp:// data- tool.html 45 15

16 What can you do now? Identify potential partners already addressing alcohol-related issues and share your expertise about the links to SV/IPV Youth Violence Underage Drinking Drinking & Driving Crime Prevention 46 Next Steps: AcFon What ac9on are you planning to do based on this informa9on? 47 For more informafon Sexual Violence: Sarah DeGue Carrie Lippy In9mate Partner Violence: Megan Kearns For more informa9on please contact Centers for Disease Control and Preven9on 1600 Clinon Road NE, Atlanta, GA Telephone, CDC- INFO ( )/TTY: E- mail: Web: 16

17 PreventConnect 1215 K Street Suite 1850 Sacramento CA Website: preventconnect.org info@preventconnect.org Group: preventconnect.org/ - group elearning: learn.preventconnect.org Wiki: wiki.preventconnect.org preventconnect.org/facebook preventconnect.org/twiper preventconnect.org/flickr preventconnect.org/youtube preventconnect.org/linkedin preventconnect.org/pinterest 49 17