Issues In Halal. Current Trends. Halal Industry In Global Perspective Presented by Fakihah Azahari

Transcription

1 Issues In Halal Current Trends Halal Industry In Global Perspective Presented by Fakihah Azahari Copyright Notice This presentation is authored by and is the property of Fakihah Azahari of Nik Hisham, Fakihah & Co and shall not be reproduced or used without consent of the author.

2 AWARENESS OF HALAL AS A VALUE SYSTEM Every aspect of good values promoted by the Syariah and practiced by other community may be incorporated into the Halal value chain

3 HALAL = Permissible + Good + Universal Value HERBIVOROUS ANIMAL ECO-FRIENDLY NUTRITIOUS & WHOLESOME

4 RATIONALE FOR HALAL Halal components requirement for FOOD include; Healthy, Nutritious and Wholesome Added-value to human consumption Quality Goodness in taste and the whole value proposition Hygiene Compliant to food safety regulations; HACCP, GMP, GHP.

5 HERBIVORES ANIMAL Animal that have been provided with proper care and handling Improper handling of this animals lead to unwanted diseases such as :- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Mad Cow Disease Avian Influenza or Bird Flu Disease Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS

6 CARNIVORES & POISONOUS ANIMALS Essential animals for the earth environment and ecology Wild animals: The prohibition of wild animals for preservation of the environment and ecology. Ensure that wild animals would not be extinct..

7 ETHICS OF HALAL VALUE SYSTEM Respect for religion (prophetic tradition), culture and law Ethics: Halal items should not be obtained by illegal means like cheating, fraud or theft, example of ethical practices in the non consumption of whales or big fish as a remembrance of its role in saving Prophet Jonah.

8 HALAL VALUE CHAIN Feed & Farm Management Ingredients Manufacturing/ Processing Logistic R&D / Technology Finance Communication/ Branding Are the animal feeds from non-meat based products Emulsifiers, gelatine, preservatives, colouring, flavouring Who monitors & how do you verify Warehousing, Transportation Alcohol extraction methods, Enzymes & Bacteria, botox Haram sources of Income when there is alternatives Bak Kut Teh (pork meat), Vegetarian Brand? Alcohol Lfavored chocolates

9 THE CHALLENGE IS IN THE GREY AREAS On the authority of Abu Abdullah al-nu man bin Bashir: Truly what is lawful is evident, and what is unlawful is evident, and in between the two are matters which are doubtful which many people do not know. He who guards against doubtful things keeps his religion and honour blameless, and he who indulges in doubtful things indulges in fact in unlawful things..

10 THE CHALLENGE IS IN THE GREY AREAS Essential to understand the categories of halal for us to make choices and decisions on consumption of halal items and goods

11 HALAL Lawful or permitted The categories of the VALUES MUBAH MAKROOH Neither forbidden nor commended (Harus) Detested or discouraged MASHBOOH Suspect, in doubt or questionable HARAM Unlawful or prohibited

12 Responsibility to ensure integrity of halal Applicable to every person who subscribes to the values of halal

13 Issues in halal Alcohol Emulsifiers Enzymes Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

14 Alcohol Some scholars totally forbid any percentage of alcohol in drinks, arguing that it permeates the entire drink and change its qualities. Islamonline.com News Dated: 23 Feb 2008

15 lntoxicants in the Holy Scriptures Draw not near onto prayer when you are in a state of intoxication. Surah 4 Verse 43. The Holy Quran. Give intoxicating liquor, you people, to the one about to perish, and wine to those who are bitter of soul. Let one drink and forget one s poverty, and let one remember one s own trouble no more. Proverbs 31:6-7. The Holy Bible.

16 History of prohibition (gradual in nature) - First verse forbid Muslims to attend to prayers while intoxicated - Later verse revealed intoxicants contain some good and some evil but evil is prevalent - Final verse revealed intoxicants and games of chance were abominations of Satan s handiwork.- absolute prohibition.

17 Focus of prohibition Alcohol? or Intoxicants? Alcohol present in our body naturally Intoxicants - in Surah 4:43, the word for intoxicated is sukara derived from the word sugar meaning drunk or intoxicated. The Quran does not mention the drink that intoxicates. The word al Khamar related to the verb to ferment. This word extends to other intoxicants.

18 Why is intoxication prohibited Harmful to human Makes one forget of God, prayer and obligations to oneself and society. Impairs reasoning, judgment and senses

19 The Issue in Alcohol the intoxicating factor. Therefore, Muslim jurists have put a limit on the percentage of alcohol (due to its intoxicating nature) allowed in food and beverage.

20 The Controversy Halal Food lobbyists highlighted presence of impurities in food and products by major food manufacturers, GlaxoKlineSmith and Walkers- Muslim consumers stopped buying products led to issuance of fatwas

21 Fatwas by Islamic and Halal Councils Majority Islamic and Halal Councils: level of alcohol allowed is at 0.05% and below. This view is shared by Malaysia s Halal body (JAKIM), Thailand s and Indonesia s Halal Council; supported by Yusuf al- Qardawi.

22 Fatwas We have established two levels of control points for alcohol in foods and ingredients: Less than 0.1 percent in the food item Less than 0.5 percent in food ingredients. At the above levels, one cannot detect the presence of alcohol by taste, smell or sight. The Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America

23 Fatwas Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola, for example, contain different types of flavors, dissolve in alcohol, which is no more than two to three parts in one thousand ( %) in these drinks. Such soft drinks are considered to be permissible from the Islamic point of view. Fiqh Council of North America

24 Rationale for the fatwas If a small amount of a prohibited substance X is mixed with a dominant permissible substance Y till substance X loses all its attributes such as taste, color and smell, substance X loses the qualifications of being impure and prohibited by having dissolved in substance Y. Fiqh Council of North America X + Y X loose taste, color and smell

25 Rationale for the fatwas This conclusion is supported by a ruling by Imam Ibn Taymiyya in his book Al Fatawa (21/502), and by the recommendations of the Ninth Medical Fiqh Seminar of the Islamic Medical Science Organization, which met in Ad Dar Al-Bayda in Morocco in June 1997.

26 Rationale for the Fatwas In the food industry, alcohol is the second common solvent after water.to the extent alcohol become an unavoidable impurity in the food systems. The Islamic and Nutrition Council of America The Ninth Medical Seminar justifies on the basis of transformation defined as changing the nature of the defiled or forbidden substance to produce a different substance in name, properties and characteristics. The Ninth Medical Seminar

27 Rationale for the Fatwas Sheikh Qaradhawi in considering the issues looked at the jurisprudence and from science perspectives. The Sheikh argued that haram elements that has undergone the process of denaturation is transformed into halal matter. Sheikh Yusuf Qaradhawi Newater by the Singapore government- process of distillationseparating water from feces- pure but no do not have attributes to purify. The water was channelled back into the reservoir where it mixes with a larger volume of raw water. Majlis Ugama Singapura

28 Contemporary trend Western World shares the same view with Islam on intoxicants such as Alcohol. In Australia, the Australian Alcohol Guidelines defines intoxication as levels above 0.05 or 0.08 are taken as a measure of intoxication The Australian Responsible Service Act makes it an offence for bartender/seller to serve customers intoxicating drinks at the levels more than that specified in the Australian Alcohol Guidelines.

29 The importance of knowing the jurisprudence behind intoxicants As aptly said by a Muslim food lobbyist in UK, no matter how miniature alcohol is used, the information should be there so that consumers can make an informed choice.

30 An Islamic halal council, said where one should draw the line is up to the individual consumer, based on the available knowledge and his or her own commitment