no concerns hepatic shunt, high protein diet, kidney failure, metabolic acidosis

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1 TAKING THE WORK OUT OF INTERPRETING LAB WORK CACVT 2017 SPRING CONFERENCE - GREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO Brandy Helewa, CVT, RVT, VTS (ECC) Penn Foster College - Scranton, PA Knowing what the results on your patient s lab work may mean can help you become a better technician. It enables you to anticipate your veterinarian s needs, explain disease processes and treatments to owners, and help devise treatment plans with your veterinarian. Chemistry Test Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Also known as SGPT Albumin (ALB) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALKP) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Amylase Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Also known as SGOT Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Cholesterol Creatine Kinase (CK) Creatinine (CR) toxins, cholestasis, bile obstruction, trauma, hepatic lipidosis, neoplasia, medications, hepatitis, pancreatitis hepatic shunt hemolysis, hemoglobinemia, dehydration, steroids inflammation, hemodilution, protein losing disease, liver disease, burns, malabsorption, CHF bone repair or growth, steroids, medications, hepatitis, neoplasia, hepatic lipidosis, biliary disease, hyperadrenocorticism, pancreatitis, hypothyroidism hepatic shunt, high protein diet, kidney failure, metabolic acidosis lactulose use, low protein diet pancreatitis, dehydrations, liver disease, medications, GI disease, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) feline pancreatitis, no concerns trauma, biliary disease, liver disease, toxins, hepatic lipidosis, neoplasia, medications, IMHA hepatic atrophy (shunt) renal disease, toxins, dehydration, high protein diet liver disease, ascites, fluid overload, low protein diet recent meal, protein losing nephropathy, diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism, pancreatitis, genetics, obesity liver disease, shunt, protein losing enteropathy, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hypoadrenocorticism trauma, seizures, infectious diseases, inflammations, SIRS/sepsis, thrombosis, anorexia, exercise, hemolysis, heatstroke decreased GFR, renal disease, dehydration, toxins, medications, high

2 protein diet, hypotension Globulins (Glob) Glucose (GLU) Lactate Lipase Total Bilirubin (TBIL) Calcium (Ca + ) Chloride (Cl - ) Magnesium (Mg + ) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K + ) Sodium (Na + ) hyperthyroidism, cachexia neonates, neoplasia, hepatitis, infectious diseases, inflammation, SIRS/sepsis, dehydration liver disease, hemorrhage, malnutrition, protein losing enteropathy insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, diabetes, stress, recent meal, hyperthyroidism insulin overdose, malnutrition, diabetes, sepsis, liver failure, insulinoma, hypoadrenocorticism, infections, sample error anemia, hypoxia, hypoxemia, hypoperfusion, hypotension, exercise, drugs, toxins pancreatitis, dehydration, kidney disease, urinary obstruction, liver disease, neoplasia, medications hemolysis, IMHA, medications, toxins, liver disease, biliary disease, pancreatitis acidosis, neoplasia, dehydration, renal disease, hypoadrenocorticism, hyperparathyroidism alkalosis, ethylene glycol toxicity, tumor lysis syndrome, pancreatitis, renal disease, hypoparathyroidism, eclampsia dehydration, free water loss, diarrhea, hypernatremia, diuretics, renal disease, respiratory alkalosis vomiting, CHF, third spacing/fluid overload, renal disease, hyperadrenocorticism, sodium bicarb use renal disease, fluid therapy, GI hypomotility, urinary obstruction malnutrition, diarrhea, neoplasia, pancreatitis, renal disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, irritable bowel disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency kidney disease, hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, osteolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, hypoparathyroidism, young hyperparathyroidism, malnutrition, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, eclampsia, insulinoma, diabetic ketoacidosis, respiratory alkalosis renal failure, hypoadrenocorticism, urinary obstruction, metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, toxins, iatrogenic renal failure, diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, stress, insulin toxicity, free water loss, diabetes insipidus, renal disease, hyperadrenocorticism, hypertonic fluid therapy

3 hypoadrenocorticism, fluid overload, dehydration, hyperglycemia, renal disease, congestive heart failure, hemorrhage Complete Blood Count Hematocrit (HCT) Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Hemoglobin (Hgb) Mean Corpusclar Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) Reticulocyte Count Platelet Count (PLT) White Blood Cell Count (WBC) Monocytes hemorrhage, anemia, hemolysis, GI perforation, malnutrition, bone marrow disease, renal disease, fluid overload, iatrogenic hemorrhage, anemia, hemolysis, GI perforation, malnutrition, bone marrow disease, renal disease, fluid overload, iatrogenic, chemotherapy malnutrition, anemia, chemotherapy, hypothyroidism malnutrition, liver disease, anemia malnutrition, anemia normal anemia, hemolysis, hemorrhage, bone marrow disease, toxins, GI perforation, malnutrition, fluid overload, iatrogenic, chemotherapy malnutrition, anemia, chemotherapy, hypothyroidism malnutrition, liver disease, anemia IMHA, anemia, burns malnutrition, anemia hemolysis, IMHA, regenerative anemia bone marrow disease, malnutrition, nonregenerative anemia malnutrition, anemia, autoimmune disease, bone marrow disease infectious disease, hemorrhage, medications, liver disease, autoimmune disease, sepsis, leukemia, lymphoma, chemotherapy allergies, infectious disease, inflammation, stress, asthma, leukemia, bone marrow disease infection, infectious disease, lymphoma, bone marrow disease, sepsis, malnutrition, medications infectious disease, endocarditis, vasculitis, allergies, leukemia leukemia, bone marrow disease, anemia

4 Lymphocytes Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophils infectious disease, leukemia, lymphoma, stress, inflammation autoimmune disease, infection, steroids, chemotherapy, bone marrow disease infection, inflammation, trauma, stress, leukemia, bone marrow disease, hyperadrenocorticism, IMHA chemotherapy, infection, autoimmune disease, malnutrition, medications, bone marrow disease inflammation, allergies, leukemia, uremia parasites, heartworm disease, asthma, allergies, leukemia, lymphoma, hypoadrenocorticism, neoplasia, inflammation Ancillary Tests Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity (cpli) Bile Acids Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression (LDDS) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation (ACTH) Free T4 (thyroxine) T3 (triiodothyronine) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Phenobarbital level Urine Protein: Creatinine (UCP ratio) pancreatitis, lipemia hemolyzed sample, no concern shunt, liver disease, cholestasis, hepatobiliary disease malabsorption, fasting, GI hypermotility, hyperadrenocorticism hypoadrenocorticism, adrenal tumor, hypoadrenocorticism, hyperadrenocorticism, stress hyperadrenocorticism, adrenal tumor, steroids hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism, pituitary disease hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism, pituitary disease hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism, pituitary disease high drug levels low drug levels glomerular disease, cystitis, urinary tract infections, renal disease

5 Prothrombin time (PT) Partial Thromboplastin Time (aptt) toxins, liver disease, hypoalbuminemia, envenomation, sepsis, hemorrhage toxins, liver disease, hypoalbuminemia, envenomation, sepsis, hemorrhage