VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1

Transcription

1 VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1 CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS AND POST MORTEM CHANGES Dr Enrique Aburto 421N Path / Micro 15 Jan 2016

2 Bone Marrow Atrophy Atrophy Serous atrophy of fat Gelatinous transformation of fat within the marrow. Due to cachexia Serous atrophy Normal fat

3 Atrophy Congenital portosystemic shunt Intrahepatic Extrahepatic Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic atrophy Portosystemic shunt, liver dog. Note the small size (atrophy) of the liver (up under the rib cage) Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (2006), 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier, chapter 8

4 Pancreatic atrophy local or systemic diseases atrophy causes include: Atrophy protein-calorie deficiency (atrophy also in muscles, liver). ductal obstruction parenchymal inflammation / fibrosis, not uniform along the organ; islets fare better. Segmental pancreatic atrophy, adult dog. There is a portion of normal pancreas (n) and a contiguous area of atrophy (arrows). n

5 incidentally in cattle Atrophy Pancreatic lithiasis and atrophy composed of calcium carbonate / calcium phosphate. secondary to local inflammation. Mild pancreatic fibrosis and atrophy secondary to pancreatic lithiasis (formation of calculi), bull. The pancreatic duct has been opened to show multiple calculi

6 Postmortem artifacts HYPOSTATIC CONGESTION. Note gravity pulls blood to dependent portions of the vascular bed resulting in pooling of blood in the most ventral areas. Note this would not occur if clotting was present or the animal was exsanguinated (bled out).

7 Postmortem artifacts This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the mammary glands. The pig died while lying on its left side (the side up in this visual). The pig was also lying on a metal grate and the pressure of the metal parts in contact with the body prevented gravitational filling with blood in those areas of the cutaneous tissue. This is another example of livor mortis - note the white areas which were in contact with a rigid surface that prevented gravitational filling with blood. Many of these areas are bony prominences (elbow, shoulder, jaw).

8 Postmortem artifacts This cow has obvious distension due to gas formation (or bloat) and the rigidity of the legs indicates RIGOR MORTIS is present. Contraction during rigor mortis is stronger in the left heart; therefore, blood is expressed from this chamber (squeezed out). However since the contraction is weaker in the right ventricle, blood remains and a clot is normally found in the right ventricle.

9 Terminal / postmortem artifacts Euthanasia artifact due to intracardiac injection of a barbiturate in a puppy. Note the green-tan discoloration, and dry aspect of the lungs caused by the caustic effect of barbiturates.

10 Spleen Terminal / postmortem artifacts Passive congestion Barbiturate administration Grossly: Splenomegaly Red to purple Oozes blood on cut surface College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois

11 Spleen Terminal / postmortem artifacts Splenic contraction Contraction of the smooth muscle in the capsule/trabeculae Occurs with catecholamine release, shock, acute splenic rupture Gross: Small dry spleen with wrinkling of the capsule Contraction can be incomplete: Grossly, looks very similar to splenic infarction