What makes a car run? What does interdependent mean? Can only one system function onit s own? What is the purpose of a skeletal system???

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1 Skeletal System Objectives: A. Recognize the interdependence of ; B. Describe types of bones and C. Classify types of joints in a skeleton D. Label bones on a skeleton diagram What makes a car run? The secret is there are several systems. If one system fails, the automobile will not function properly or may not function at all. Animals are much like cars in that they are composed of a variety of interdependent systems. What does interdependent mean? Systems that mutually depend on each other to work. Can only one system function onit s own? Why or Why Not? The Skeletal System Provides the frame and support for all the other systems and organs. What is the purpose of a skeletal system??? This system is made up of cartilage, bones, and connective tissue. Read article on Boneless Chicken and discuss. 1

2 Cartilage is composed of firm tissue that is not as hard as bone and is somewhat flexible. EXAMPLES: Nose & Ears Long Bones Are the longest bones Provide support for the body giving it the rigidity (hardness) necessary to stand and move. EXAMPLES: Leg Bones Where are short bones located? Short Bones Are mostly found in the joints and serve as hinges. They help cushion shock and protect long bones by being flexible and Are often as big around as they are long EXAMPLES: ankles What is an example of an irregular bone? Irregular Bones Function as support and protection and Are irregularly shaped. EXAMPLE: Vertebrae These bones make up the backbone, which is not a single bone, but a series of irregular bones. They flex and bend to give the animal movement. The vertebrae are divided into several different areas: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal 2

3 Cervical Vertebrae The section in the neck from the skull to the first rib. Thoracic extends d along the rib cage. Each of these has a rib attached to each side. For Your Information: Cattle have 13, Horses have 18, and Pigs have dependent on breed. Lumbar The area of the spinal column from the last rib to the pelvis. Also referred to as the loin. For Your Information: If you have ever judged sheep, you may have measured this region with your hand. Animals with a long lumbar region are desirable, as this is where some of the most valuable cuts of meat come from. Sacral Extends through the pelvic area. The bones in this region are fused together to form a rigid section called the sacrum providing an attachment t for the pelvis. li Flat Bones: are relatively thin and flat They usually help to protect organs Usually multiple bones fused together Coccygeal The vertebrae that continue from the pelvis to the end of the tail. For Your Information: The bones at the top of the tail are larger than the bones at the end. The size tapers until the ones at the end have no channel. EXAMPLE Skull is composed of flat bones. These bones encase the brain and protect it. On the Cow Skeleton, color the following: Red Long bones Green Short bones Grey Flat Bones Irregular Bones: Purple Cervical Pink Thoracic Blue Lumbar Orange Sacral Yellow Coccygeal 3

4 How are joints classified? Joints are connections of bone in the animal s body to make up the skeletal system. The connections are held together by bands of tough tissue called ligaments that bind the bone to the joints. Ligaments give the joints flexibility and serve as shock absorbers to protect the ends of bones. They are classified by the way they move Classifications of Joints: On the Horse Skeleton, draw a shape around the following joints: Triangle Hinge joint Hinge Ball & Socket Gliding Circle Ball & Socket joint Square Gliding OBJECTIVE C Label bones on a skeleton diagram 4

5 OBJECTIVE C Label bones on a skeleton diagram 5