CNS MCQ 2 nd term. Select the best answer:

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1 Select the best answer: CNS MCQ 2 nd term 1) Vestibular apparatus: a) Represent the auditory part of the labyrinth. b) May help in initiating the voluntary movements. c) Contains receptors concerned with regulation of body posture and equilibrium. d) Has no role in perception of acceleration. 2) Vestibular apparatus: a) Consists of semicircular canals only. b) Contains two types of sensory organs, crista and macula that discharge impulses along the 8 th and 9 th cranial nerves. c) Located inside the petrous portion of temporal bone. d) Can discharge impulses that affect muscle tone in distal muscles of the limbs only. 3) The semi-circular canals: a) 3 pairs on each side. b) Detect the angular acceleration. c) Contains fluid rich in Na + ions. d) Its receptors show depolarization when Na + influx in the apical border of its hair cells. 4) The hair cells in the vestibular receptors organs: a) Only stimulated during acceleration. b) Show hyper-polarization when sterocillia deviated towards kino-cillium. c) Show depolarization when sterocillia deviated towards kino-cillium. d) Show depolarization when sterocillia deviated away kino-cillium. 5) All of the following statements about the vestibular apparatus are true except: a) It consists of semicircular canals and two small sacs, utericle and saccule. b) The semicircular canals contains sensory organs called crista. c) The utericle and saccule are concerned with perception of linear acceleration. d) concerned with regulation of muscle tone during performance of fine skilled movement. 6) The central connection of the vestibular apparatus include all of the following except: a) Cerebellum. b) Reticular formation. c) Medial longitudinal bundle on both sides. d) Limbic cortex. 7) Endolymph: a) It is found within the membranous labyrinth. b) Has a K + concentration closes to that of the extra-cellular fluid. c) Is electrically negative with respect to the perilymph.

2 d) Inertia has no role in the stimulation of receptors in the semicircular canals during rotation. 8) The hair cells in the semicircular canals are stimulated by: a) Movement of the perilymph. b) Linear acceleration. c) Rotation at constant velocity. d) Movement of the endo-lymph relative to the hair cells. 9) About the utricles all of the following is true except: a) Are gravity receptors. b) Contain hair cells. c) Contain endolymph which communicates with that in the SCCs and cochlea. d) Can not initiate reflex changes in muscle tone. 10) About Nystagmus: a) Vestibular nystagmus occurs only at the onset of rotation. b) Vestibular nystagmus has 2 components fast and slow. c) Fast component of vestibular nystagmus play a role in maintenance of equilibrium while slow component disturb equilibrium. d) Spontaneous nystagmus can occur in some diseases as Minier's disease and Parkinson's disease. 11) The receptors of postural reflexes include all of the following except: a) Muscle spindles. b) Rods and cones. c) Arterial baro-receptors. d) Crista and sacula. 12) The thalamus: a) It is the largest sub-cortical motor center. b) It mediates the afferent somatic sensory signals mainly to the primary motor cortex. c) Its different nuclei always discharge impulses to specific areas in the cerebral cortex. d) Its VL and VA nuclei mediate signals from cerebellum and basal ganglia to the motor cortex. 13) About the sensory function of the thalamus all are true except: a) It is the major relay center for the ascending sensory pathways. b) It c`an control or limits the number of impulses discharged along the sensory pathways to the sensory cortex. c) It has no role in perception of the sensory signals. d) Immediate sensory loss occurs on the opposite side of the body if the thalmogeniculate artery is closed by thrombus. 14) The non specific thalamic nuclei: a) Play an important role in memory.

3 b) Located mainly in the midline within the interthalamic adhesions. c) Receives its input from the vestibular apparatus. d) Play a role in wakefulness and arousal. 15) The non specific thalamic nuclei: a) includes interlaminar, reticular and VP nucleus of the thalamus. b) Discharge impulses to the general interpretative area. c) Send descending fibers that stimulate the A.H.Cs of the extensors of the lower limbs. d) Discharge impulses that diffusely stimulate wide areas of the cerebral cortex. 16) The thalamus has all following functions except: a) Major relay center for ascending sensory pathways. b) Can act as sensory unit simulating the 1ry sensory cortex. c) Integrative function together with other cortical and sub-cortical centers. d) It has a role in initiation in wakefulness and arousal. 17) The reticular activating system: a) Its neurons are located in the midbrain. b) Its neurons can be inhibited by ephedrine. c) Its neurons can be activated by sensory signals from proprioceptors. d) Serotonin can easily activate its neurons and increases alertness and wakefulness. 18) All of the following about reticular formation are true except: a) Its excitatory part locates mainly in the pontine region. b) Its inhibitory part located mainly in the medulla oblongata and send inhibitory impulses to all cortical areas. c) Its excitatory part is located in the reticular activating system (R.A.S.). d) Its excitatory part (R.A.S.) discharges stimulatory impulses to both cerebral cortex and A.H.Cs of the spinal cord. 19) The obstruction of the thalamo-geniculate artery may lead to all of the following except: a) Immediate sensory loss on the opposite of the body. b) Incoordination of the voluntary movements. c) Contralateral homonymus hemianopia. d) After 6 months some sensation can be recovered but they are crude and protopathic in nature. 20) The basal ganglia are primarily concerned with: a) Short term memory. b) Sleep and wakefulness. c) Control of movements. d) Neuro-endocrinal control. 21) The basal ganglia: a) Receive the main input from the motor and association cortex. b) Receive its input from the visual and auditory cortex.

4 c) Is informed about the state of joints and muscles through impulses discharged directly from the proprioceptors. d) Play a role in mediating the olfactory signals to the sensory cortex. 22) In Parkinson's disease, the muscular rigidity: a) Due to increased dopamine content in the corpus striatum. b) Present in both flexors and extensors by the same degree. c) More marked in extensor muscles. d) More marked in flexor muscles. 23) Chorea is: a) A disease resulting from damage of the substantia nigra. b) A common complication of a typhoid fever. c) A disease resulting from damage of the caudate nucleus. d) Due to decrease in the number of acetyl choline secreting neurons in the basal ganglia. 24) Parkinson's disease: a) Typically occurs before the age of 40 years. b) Is due to lesion in the sub-thalamic nucleus. c) Is associated with muscle weakness and decreased muscle tone. d) Is commonly due to degeneration of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons. 25) Parkinson's disease is characterized by: a) Hypertonia in extensor muscles only. b) Static tremors that disappear during activity and sleep. c) Can be improved by administration of cholinergic drugs. d) Sensory ataxia and positive Romberg's sign. 26) Concerning the basal ganglia: a) In human the corpus striatum can initiate fine voluntary movements. b) They contribute in the planning and programming of voluntary movements. c) Destruction of the sub-thalamic nucleus causes athetosis. d) Their stimulation causes muscle rigidity. 27) About the function of the basal ganglia, all of the following is true except: a) Their general stimulation increases the muscle tone. b) They control the automatic association movements. c) They play a role in providing suitable background and posture for the performance of skilled movements. d) The damage of its nuclei may impair the ability of the individual to automatically repeat the skilled movements at a faster rate. 28) Damage of the different nuclei of basal ganglia may result in all of the following except: a) Parkinson's disease. b) Chorea. c) Athetosis. d) Sensory ataxia.

5 29) Archi-cecebellum: a) is connected with cerebral cortex. b) is responsible for regulation and co-ordination of voluntary movements. c) is the oldest part and occupies the Flocculo-nodular lobe. d) occupies the vermal and paravermal zones. 30) Paleo-cerebellum: a) is connected with the non auditory labyrinth. b) is inhibitory to muscle tone. c) is the oldest part and occupies the Flocculo-nodular lobe. d) occupies the lateral parts of the posterior lobe. 31) Neo-cerebellum: a) is inhibitory to muscle tone. b) is responsible for regulation and co-ordination of voluntary movements. c) is the newest and largest part and occupies vermal and paravermal zones. d) its lesion leads to Parkensonism. 32) Cerebellum regulates voluntary movement by the following mechanisms except: a) Servo comparator function. b) Damping function. c) Planning and programming function. d) Predictive function. 33) Cerebellar ataxia is manifested by the following except: a) Dysmetria. b) Static tremors. c) Nystagmus. d) Rebound movement. 34) Hypothalamus regulates: a) Body weight. b) Body equilibrium. c) Muscle tone. d) Voluntary movements. 35) The limbic system consists of the following except: a) Cingulate gyrus. b) Hippocampus. c) Sub-callosal gyrus. d) Caudate nucleus. 36) Speech centers include the following except: a) Visual association area 18 and 19. b) Auditory association area 22. c) Broca's area 44,45. d) Sensory association area 5,7. 37) Sensory aphasia results from lesion in: a) Visual pathway.

6 b) Auditory pathway. c) Broca's area 44, 45. d) Visual association area 18 and ) Motor aphasia results from lesion in: a) Area 4. b) Area 6. c) Exner's center. d) Auditory association area 22. 1) c 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) d 6) d 7) a 8) d 9) d 10) b 11) c 12) d 13) c 14) d 15) d 16) b 17) c 18) b 19) c 20) c 21) a Key Answer 24) d 25) b 26) b 27) a 28) d 29) c 30) b 31) b 32) c 33) b 34) a 35) d 36) d 37) d 38) c

7 22) d 23) c

Unit VIII Problem 5 Physiology: Cerebellum

Unit VIII Problem 5 Physiology: Cerebellum - The word cerebellum means: the small brain. Note that the cerebellum is not completely separated into 2 hemispheres (they are not clearly demarcated) the vermis