14.3 Skeletal System Exploration

Transcription

1 14.3 Skeletal System Exploration Read It! Directions: Each member of the group will read the passage and answer the task questions. It is important to remember that the answers will come directly from the reading passage. Read It! Skeletal System The adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones, as well as a network of tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connects them. The skeletal system performs vital functions support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation that enable us to survive. The skeletons of adult males and females have some variation, primarily to accommodate childbirth. The female pelvis is flatter, more rounded and proportionally larger. A male's pelvis is about 90 degrees or less of angle, whereas a female's is 100 degrees or more. While they become brittle when outside of the body, bones are very much alive inside the body, being fed by a network of blood vessels from the circulatory system and nerves from the nervous system. A typical bone has a dense and tough outer layer. Next is a layer of spongy bone, which lighter and slightly flexible. In the middle of some bones is jellylike bone marrow, where new cells are constantly being produced for blood. Teeth are considered part of the skeletal system but they are not counted as bones. Teeth are made of dentin and enamel, which is strongest substance in your body. Teeth also play a key role in the digestive system. The skeletal system has two distinctive parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton, with a total of 80 bones, consists of the vertebral column, the rib cage and the skull. The axial skeleton transmits the weight from the head, the trunk and the upper extremities down to the lower extremities at the hip joints, which help humans maintain our upright posture. The appendicular skeleton has a total of 126 bones, and is formed by the pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs. Their functions are to make walking, running and other movement possible and to protect the major organs responsible for digestion, excretion and reproduction.

2 Read It! Task #1: Which list represents the components of the human skeleton? A. Bones, tendons, ligaments, muscles B. Tendons, teeth ligaments, cartilage C. Bones, tendons, teeth, ligaments D. Bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage Read It! Task #2: What is the main difference between the male and female skeleton? A. The male has more bones B. The female has a larger, flatter pelvis bone C. Male bones are always larger D. Female bones have more marrow Read It! Task #3: A typical bone is made up of which of these 3 parts? A. Dense outer layer, spongy bone, marrow B. Soft outer layer, spongy bone, marrow C. Marrow, dense inner layer, dense outer layer D. Dense outer layer, spongy bone, muscle tissue Read It! Task #4: There are two main parts to of the human skeleton. They are the and skeletons. A. Axial, appendix B. Appendicular, axial C. Axial, skeletal D. Appendicular, excretory

3 Watch It! Directions: Each member of the group will go to the website listed on Task #1 Complete the tasks in order. Every student will answer the task questions. Watch It! Task #1: Visit the Link- YouTube: G Drive: *************URL is case-sensitive Click Play on the video and answer task questions. Watch It! Task #2: What are the two types of completed skeletons called? What are some pros and cons of each? Watch It! Task #3: What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system? Watch It! Task #4: What two systems work in conjunction to allow for movement? How do they work together? Research It! Directions: Each member of the group will go to the website listed on Task #1 Complete the tasks in order. Every student will answer the task questions. Research It! Task #1: Go to 1. Read the first paragraph and summarize the role of the human skeletal system. Research It! Task #2: Answer the following questions- 1. How many individual bones are in the human body? 2. List 3 axial skeletal bones and 3 appendicular bones. 3. Scroll down to the "Skeletal System Physiology section and summarize how the skeleton supports and protects.

4 Explore It! Directions: One member of the group will read the tasks in order. Each member of the group will then write their conclusions down. Explore It! Task #1: What do you think is the main function of the human skeleton? Explore It! Task #2: There are 5 main functions for the human skeleton. Support and protect Movement Storage Blood Homeostasis In your own words, explain how you think each of these relate to the skeletal system. Do not write your answers, just discuss them with your group. Explore It! Task #3: Read the following for understanding- 1. Support and protect the skeleton allows the body to be supported and protects our internal organs from damage. 2. Movement the skeleton works with the muscular system to allow for movement. 3. Storage the interior of the bone can store calcium, phosphorus, and fatty acids Explore It! Task #4: Read the following for understanding- 4. Blood Inside the marrow of the bone stem cells can be turned into red blood cells as well as many other types of cells. 5. Homeostasis bones are able to absorb or release calcium into the blood to maintain a stable environment in the body. Explore It! Task #5: Take 2 minutes to look at the diagrams of the skeletal system on the last page of the packet. 2. Find 7 bones that you are unfamiliar with, and list their scientific name as well as their common name. (Example: Femur thigh bone)

5 Illustrate It! Directions: Each member of the group will draw a quick sketch that shows they understand the concept being taught. You will need to use colored pencils, crayons or markers. The directions for the sketch are provided on the task. Illustrate It! Task #1 1. Draw a diagram of the human skeleton as shown below. Use the diagram and colored pencils to label 10 of the major bones in the human body. You can choose the ones you want to label. Be sure to label the diagram with the scientific name and common name for each bone. 2. Shade in the axial skeleton red and the appendicular skeleton green. Organize It! Directions: Each group will use the diagrams to answer the questions for each task. Organize It! Task #1: The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones along the central axis of the human body. The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones in the human body involved in locomotion (lower limbs) of the axial skeleton and manipulation of objects in the environment (upper limbs). Use the skeletal diagrams on the last page of the packet to answer the following questions. Organize It! Task #2: 1. Determine which bones are axial and which ones are appendicular. Label them. 2. Beside each of the bone names also list which part of the body the bone belongs to. (ex. Head, shoulder, etc.)

6 Write It! Directions: Answer each of the task questions. Write It! Task #1: Explain in your own words what the main functions of the human skeleton are. Write It! Task #2: Describe the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton. Write It! Task #3: How does the skeleton work with other body systems in order to function properly? Assess It! Directions: Answer each of the task questions. Assess It! Task #1: Which is not a function of the Skeletal system? A. Movement and protection B. Homeostasis C. Support D. Transporting oxygen-rich blood to the body Assess It! Task #2: Which organism has an exoskeleton? A. A shark B. A human C. A black bear D. A common beetle Assess It! Task #3: What is that main function of the skull? A. To keep out electromagnetic waves B. Allows for movement from one place to another C. Produces brain cells D. Protects the brain from injury Assess It! Task #4: Ligaments and tendons are used to. A. Exchange gases within the body B. Transport nutrients to cells C. Produce red blood cells D. Attach muscles to bones

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9 Explore It! Task #1 Task #5 1. Task #2 Support & Protect Movement 4. Blood 5. Storage 6. Homeostasis 7. Write It! Task #1: Task #2: Task #3: Assess It! #1. #2. #3. #4. Read it! #1. #2. #3. #4.

10 Research It! Task #1: Task #2: Organize It! Task #2: Humerus- Ribs- Femur- Skull- Patella- Sternum- Phalanges Radius- Occipital bone- Watch It! Task #2: Task #3: Task #4: