CELL AGING. Process of getting older. Losing hair, wrinkled skin Fingernails- the new cells push out the old cells

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1 CELL AGING & CANCER

2 CELL AGING What is aging? Process of getting older. Losing hair, wrinkled skin Fingernails- the new cells push out the old cells As a person ages, mitosis slows down

3 CELL AGING COMPARISON Body System Trait 20 year old 70 year old Skin/nails Rate of fingernail growth 1mm/week.6mm/week Nervous Reaction Time.8 seconds.95 seconds Circulatory Pumping action of the heart 3.7 liters/min. 2.9 liters/min. Nervous Memory 14 of 24 words recalled 7 of 24 words recalled Respiratory Lung volume with deep breath 5.5 liters/ inhalation 3 liters/ inhalation Muscular % body fat 15% 30%

4 LIFE SPAN Lifespan of cells All body cells do not live for same length of time Cells carry out mitosis at different rates. Examples: brain cells= years red blood cells= 120 days stomach lining cells= 2 days skin cells= 20 days liver cells= 200 days

5 HISTORY OF CANCER The oldest known description of human cancer is found in writing between BC. It wasn t until Leeuwenhoek who discovered the microscope in the late 17 th century helped the quest to find the cause of cancer. Late 19 th century, better microscopes developed to study cancer tissues and find differences in appearance of cancer cells and normal cells.

6 HISTORY OF CANCER The early 20 th century ( ) was great progress to understanding microscopic structure and functioning of living cells. A virus causing cancer in chickens was found in Late 20 th century ( ) showed an understanding of cellular function related to cell growth and division.

7 WHAT IS CANCER? Many different diseases that share certain characteristics (more than 200 types of diseases in humans)

8 HOW DOES CANCER DEVELOP? Mitosis gone WILD!! Cell spends more time in mitosis stages and not in Interphase as it should. Genes that are located in the nucleus of the cells are the major controlling forces that control cell functions including growth and cell division (Mitosis).

9 HOW DOES CANCER DEVELOP? Cells become abnormal when growth mechanisms are disrupted and keep dividing and form cells without control or order. Uncontrolled cell growth results in tumors (solid or liquid).

10 CANCER CELLS DEVELOPING

11 CHARACTERISTICS OF Have a flattened shape Cells can only grow when they are attached to something solid Only grow to spread evenly across a culture dish they do NOT layer. NORMAL CELLS

12 CHARACTERISTICS OF Not flattened sacs Do not need to be attached to something solid to grow Do not exhibit contact inhibition (cancer cells continue growing even after they contact another cell) Form multiple layers or clumps CANCER CELLS

13 WHAT HAPPENS TO CELLS THAT REPRODUCE TOO RAPIDLY? Normal cells only produce more cells when the body needs them. If cells divide when the body doesn t need them, a mass of tissue is formed. This is when Tumors are formed

14 WHAT HAPPENS TO CELLS THAT REPRODUCE TOO RAPIDLY? Benign Tumors Usually grow slowly Are non-invasive (do not cause damage) Do not produce metastasis Metastasis is when tumors spread from one part of the body to another part of the body.

15 WHAT HAPPENS TO CELLS THAT REPRODUCE TOO RAPIDLY? Malignant Tumors Established tumors often grow Tumors are invasive Tumors produce metastasis

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17 CAUSES OF CANCER Genetic Mutations that alter cell DNA Can be spontaneous Carcinogen - substance that increases risk of cancer tobacco, asbestos, ionizing radiation (Xrays or UV light) most cause mutations in cells Genetic predisposition (Heredity) number of exposures to carcinogen and amount of it increases risk Viruses can cause cell mutations

18 SYMPTOMS (some common ones) Unexplained weight loss Fever Fatigue Skin Changes Darker skin, yellowish skin/eyes, reddened skin, itching, and/or excessive hair growth A sore that doesn t heal Thickening of lump in any body part Obvious changes in wart or mole Change in bowel/bladder habits Nagging cough or hoarseness Early cancer does NOT usually cause pain see a doctor immediately ---do not wait for pain.

19 SKIN CANCER SYMPTOMS Raised mole Discolored mole (black, red, green, blue) Asymmetrical mole

20 DIAGNOSIS Blood tests, MRI s, X-rays, Biopsy A biopsy is the only way to determine if a person has cancer. A biopsy is when a tissue sample is removed and viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells

21 Surgery CANCER TREATMENT Cut out the tumor and some healthy cells around it to decrease spreading Radiation Therapy Energy from wave particles Comes from a machine like an X-ray Chemotherapy Drugs to kill cancerous cell and decreases the chance of spreading Biological Therapies Use bodies immune system to fight cancer cells Often used to lessen the side effects of radiation and chemotherapy

22 CANCER TREATMENT Cancer is best treated when caught EARLY! One or more methods may be used to treat cancer depending on where it is located, the severity of the cancer, the age of the patient, and the health of the individual.

23 CANCER PREVENTION Healthy lifestyle and environment can help you prevent cancer. No smoking! Eat healithy (less fat, more fiber) Exercise Sun safety (avoid UV rays) Early detection Regular checkups and self-exams Get tested (prostate, pap)

24 STATISTICS

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33 Lung Cancer

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