Biology Study Guide Answers. Cells/Cell Transport

Transcription

1 Biology Study Guide Answers Cells/Cell Transport

2 1 1.) All living things are made of cells. 2.) Cells are the most basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3.) Cells come from pre-existing cells.

3 2 & 5.) Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote Comparison Prokaryote Both Eukaryote *No Nucleus *No organelles *All are unicellular *Very small *All are bacteria *All have cell walls *Have cell membranes *Have DNA *Are alive Have ribosomes Have cytoplasm FRED H. GARC *Cells have a nucleus *Cells have organelles *Can be unicellular, but most are multicellular Cells are 10x-100x larger than prokaryotic cells *Some have cell walls * Plants, algae, fungi, animals

4 3 & 6.) Plant Vs. Animal Comparison Plant Both Animal *Have cell walls *Have chloroplasts Have large central vacuoles Are 10x larger than animal cells. *Have: cell membranes DNA, ribosomes, ER, GOLGI, nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, vesicles *No cell wall have: lysosomes, centrioles Smaller than plant cells

5 4.) Bacteria are the only example of a prokaryote

6 7 The nucleus provides a barrier to keep the DNA safe. The nuclear membrane prevents DNA from coming into contact with enzymes that could damage it. The nuclear membrane (along with melanin pigment produced by other cells) prevents the DNA from being damaged by UV rays.

7 8 Nucleolus is an RNA rich area of the nucleus where ribosomes are made.

8 9 Golgi is most like a post office because: It receives and ships proteins and carbohydrates. It packages proteins/carbs into transport vesicles for delivery.

9 10 GA Power is most like the mitochondria. The mitochondria use sugar to produce usable energy. GA Power uses coal or water or nuclear reactions to generate electricity.

10 11 Janitor = lysosome Both clean up/break down trash, unused/unneeded materials and prepare them for removal.

11 12 Smooth ER makes lipids (and detoxify substances in the cell).

12 13 The rough ER serves protein synthesis in two ways: 1.) It provides a place for ribosomes to anchor and operate (however, they don t HAVE to be attached to ER in order to work) 2.) They put proteins (made on attached ribosomes) into transport vesicles and send them to the Golgi.

13 14 Chloroplasts make sugar (food) in photosynthetic organisms.

14 15.) Both the cell membrane and a bouncer work to control what (who) comes in/out of the cell (club).

15 16 Vacuoles are for long term storage. Vesicles are for short-term storage and transport.

16 17 Ribosome Rough ER vesicle Golgi vesicle cell membrane (exocytosis) out.

17 18 Since mitochondria produce usable cellular energy, a person with malfunctioning mitochondria would likely experience: Difficulty moving Lack of energy (more fatigue) Difficulty regulating homeostasis Increased immune problems

18 19 Prokaryotes do a number of positive things: Help us digest our food. Keep parasitic fungi from growing on our skin Help us make foods like yogurt, cheese and breads Provide usable nitrogen for plants to grow

19 Answers will vary Essays

20 Cell Membrane & Cell Transport Questions

21 1

22 1

23 2 Because the proteins in the membrane are scattered (like the pieces in a mosaic), but can move sideways due to the fluid-like nature of the membrane. Like a mosaic, the membrane is made of smaller parts which combine to give the membrane its multiple functions.

24 3 Passive no cell energy needed Moves with concentration gradient Involves gases, carbohydrates and water Examples: Osmosis Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active Needs cell energy Moves against concentration gradient Involves large molecules (food particles) and things dissolved in liquids. Examples: Sodium Potassium Pump Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis

25 4 Answers will vary, but here s two: When you are sitting in another room of the house, but you can smell the food being cooked in the kitchen. Someone spraying perfume on the other side of the room and eventually you smell it.

26 5 Facilitated diffusion uses proteins to help bring large molecules into the cell; facilitated diffusion moves sugars and ions. Simple diffusion does not use proteins. Simple diffusion moves gases and liquids;

27 6 It will shrivel up because the water in the cell will be pulled out due to the high solute concentration outside the cell. Remember: Where solutes are in large supply, water will always move close by.

28 7 Water will move into the cell due to osmosis. There are more solutes inside the cell, so water moves in. The plant cell will swell, but will not burst because it has a cell wall protecting it.

29 8 Isotonic. In an isotonic solution, water moves in and out of the cell freely (bringing nutrients in and getting rid of waste), but the cell does not swell or shrink.

30 9 Hypotonic Plants cannot get water whenever they need it; they must wait for rain. So, plants want to let in as much water as possible so they can store it. Also, plants rely on nutrients entering their cells through the roots. So, they need a large volume of water entering the roots.

31 Chart We will fill out in class.