Recap: A little chemistry helps to understand a lot of biology
|
|
- Hilary Henry
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Recap: A little chemistry helps to understand a lot of biology Covalent Bonds Polar and Non-Polar Electronegativity is key! Non-covalent bonds: Intra and inter molecular interactions Hydrogen Bonds Ionic Bonds Van der Waals Attraction Hydrophobic Effect intramolecular intermolecular Acid base chemistry going on inside the cell Most small molecules and larger biomolecules have functional groups that can act as weak acids and bases 1
2 Recap: A little chemistry helps to understand a lot of biology Biology is the interplay between covalent and non-covalent chemistry Molecule Cell 2
3 What is the importance of Molecular Shape and Function? Ex. Morphine has similar shape to endorphins therefore it activates endorphin receptors similarly! 3
4 Carbon Chemistry Why is carbon key to molecular shape and function? C has 4e- in its outer shell, can form 4 different bonds - tetravalence 4
5 Carbon Chemistry Why is carbon key to molecular shape and function? Carbon skeletons can vary in length, branching, double bonds and rings leads to diversity! 5
6 Carbon Chemistry Why is carbon key to molecular shape and function? Isomers Same number of atoms but different structures Structural isomers Geometric isomers 3 variations - pentane (C 5 H 12 ) 18 possibilities of C 8 H ,319 possibilities of C 20 H 42 cis and trans isomers 6
7 Carbon Chemistry Why is carbon key to molecular shape and function? Isomers Same number of atoms but different structures Geometric isomers cis and trans isomers 11 cis - retinal is found photoreceptor cells to transduce light signals from the eye to the brain 7
8 Emergent properties of chemistry and biology : Lecture 2 Photoreceptor rod cell 8
9 Carbon Chemistry Why is carbon key to molecular shape and function? Isomers Same number of atoms but different structures Structural isomers Geometric isomers 3 variations - pentane (C 5 H 12 ) 18 possibilities of C 8 H ,319 possibilities of C 20 H 42 cis and trans isomers Enantiomers (mirror images) 9
10 Carbon Chemistry Why is carbon key to molecular shape and function? Isomers Same number of atoms but different structures Enantiomers (mirror images) 10
11 Macromolecules: Polymers in biology Most macromolecules are polymers (built from monomers) Four major types of macromolecules Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) monomer Proteins *Lipids (fats, phospholipids) Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) 11
12 Macromolecules: Polymers in biology Synthesis Most macromolecules are polymers (built from monomers) Breakdown 12
13 *Lipids Fatty Acids Carboxylic acid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (hydrocarbon chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated : Lecture 2 Not a polymer but they are large molecules that are assembled by dehydration rxn. Examples: Stearic acid CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 CO 2 H O C OH Oleic acid CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 CO 2 H C C 13 13
14 Common Fatty acids : Lecture 2 Formula Common Name Melting Point CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 CO 2 H lauric acid 45 ºC CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 CO 2 H myristic acid 55 ºC CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 CO 2 H palmitic acid 63 ºC CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 CO 2 H stearic acid 69 ºC CH 3 (CH 2 ) 18 CO 2 H arachidic acid 76 ºC Formula Common Name Melting Point CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 CO 2 H palmitoleic acid 0 ºC CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 CO 2 H oleic acid 13 ºC CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH=CHCH 2 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 CO 2 H linoleic acid -5 ºC CH 3 CH 2 CH=CHCH 2 CH=CHCH 2 CH=CH(CH 2 ) 7 CO 2 H linolenic acid -11 ºC CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 (CH=CHCH 2 ) 4 (CH 2 ) 2 CO 2 H arachidonic acid -49 ºC 14
15 Remember Phospholipids: They solve the Containment Problem! 2 Fatty acid tails Glycerol Phosphate Head group Phospholipid can differ in: Head groups serine, ethanolamine, choline Fatty acids length unsaturation (double bonds) Cholesterol amount fluidity of membrane Non-polar proteins 15
16 Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)- sugars and polymers of sugars Formula (CH2O)n Glucose = C 6 H 12 O 6 Ribose = C 5 H 10 O 5 6C = hexose 5C = pentose (ribose) 3C = triose (simplest polysaccharide) : Lecture 2 2 major functions: 1. Store energy animals: glycogen Plants: starch 2. Structural support Plants: cellulose (wood) Insects: exoskeleton (chitin)
17 Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)- sugars and polymers of sugars : Lecture 2 When placed in water ring form is much more favored 17
18 Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)- forming polymers Glycosidic bond Polymers of this Below ring alpha glycosidic bond Above ring beta glycosidic bond 18
19 Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)- important for solving the information problem Sugars in Nucleic Acids: DNA: RNA: deoxyribose missing 2 OH group ribose RNA DNA 19
20 Proteins (polypeptides) Polymer of amino acids generic amino acid structure R NH 2 C COOH H 20 different R groups (side chains) In the cell; ph 7 ionize! 20
21 Proteins (polypeptides) Polymer of amino acids Work horse macromolecule inside the cell! >50% of cellular mass responsible for most all work done in the cell Enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions Structural support Storage Transport Communication Movement Defense Assemble and destroy other macromolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA) 21
22 Proteins (polypeptides) Forming a polypeptide bond (protein) Create a peptide bond 22
23 Proteins (polypeptides) Types of Amino acids - 20 different depends on R group (side chain) Nonpolar
24 Proteins (polypeptides) Types of Amino acids - 20 different depends on R group (side chain) Polar 24
25 Proteins (polypeptides) Types of Amino acids - 20 different depends on R group (side chain) Electrically Charged 25
26 Proteins (polypeptides) Unique Glycine Types of Amino acids - 20 different depends on R group (side chain) Smallest a.a. Tiny space filler Introduces a kink/turn in a.a. chain Increases flexibility Proline Fixed structure Increased rigidity Introduces a kink in a.a. chain Cysteine Disulfide bridge - covalent Increase rigidity Stabilize protein structure 26
Ch. 5 The S & F of Macromolecules. They may be extremely small but they are still macro.
Ch. 5 The S & F of Macromolecules They may be extremely small but they are still macro. Background Information Cells join small molecules together to form larger molecules. Macromolecules may be composed
More informationCarbon. Isomers. The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Carbon Chapter 3 Framework of biological molecules consists primarily of carbon bonded to Carbon O, N, S, P or H Can form up to 4 covalent bonds Hydrocarbons molecule
More information2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules CARBON BASED MOLECULES
CARBON BASED MOLECULES KEY CONCEPTS Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Lipids are one class of organic molecules. This group includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Lipids are made of
More informationThe Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules I. Polymers What is a polymer? Poly = many; mer = part. A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many smaller sub-units bonded together. What is a monomer?
More informationGood Afternoon! 11/30/18
Good Afternoon! 11/30/18 1. The term polar refers to a molecule that. A. Is cold B. Has two of the same charges C. Has two opposing charges D. Contains a hydrogen bond 2. Electrons on a water molecule
More information1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C
I. Carbon atoms form an enormous variety of structures A. Carbon has 4 valence electrons in the outer shell and therefore may form up to 4 covalent bonds B. Carbon tends to bond to C, H, O, N, S, and P
More informationCHAPTER 3. Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life
CHAPTER 3 Carbon & the Molecular Diversity of Life Carbon: The Organic Element Compounds that are synthesized by cells and contain carbon are organic So what is inorganic? Why are carbon compounds so prevalent?
More informationChapter Three (Biochemistry)
Chapter Three (Biochemistry) 1 SECTION ONE: CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING All compounds can be classified in two broad categories: organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made
More informationBiology 5A Fall 2010 Macromolecules Chapter 5
Learning Outcomes: Macromolecules List and describe the four major classes of molecules Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage and distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
More informationUnit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School
Unit 3: Chemistry of Life Mr. Nagel Meade High School IB Syllabus Statements 3.2.1 Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. 3.2.2 Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from
More informationFrom Atoms to Cells: Fundamental Building Blocks. Models of atoms. A chemical connection
From Atoms to Cells: A chemical connection Fundamental Building Blocks Matter - all materials that occupy space & have mass Matter is composed of atoms Atom simplest form of matter not divisible into simpler
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon bonded to other elements
More informationChapter 5 Structure and Function Of Large Biomolecules
Formation of Macromolecules Monomers Polymers Macromolecules Smaller larger Chapter 5 Structure and Function Of Large Biomolecules monomer: single unit dimer: two monomers polymer: three or more monomers
More informationAll living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:
Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic compounds
More informationMacromolecules Chapter 2.3
Macromolecules Chapter 2.3 E.Q. What are the 4 main macromolecues found in living things and what are their functions? Carbon-Based Molecules Why is carbon called the building block of life? Carbon atoms
More informationThe Star of The Show (Ch. 3)
The Star of The Show (Ch. 3) Why study Carbon? All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% 2 O ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids ~3% salts Na, Cl, K Chemistry of Life Organic
More informationBiological Molecules. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
Biological Molecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules Always contain Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Carbon is missing four electrons Capable of forming 4 covalent bonds
More information2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules. KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based
More informationChapter 2 pt 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Life. Gregory Ahearn. John Crocker. Including the lecture Materials of
Chapter 2 pt 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Life Including the lecture Materials of Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida with amendments and additions by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc..
More informationHonors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes
Honors Biology Chapter 3: Macromolecules PPT Notes 3.1 I can explain why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules. Diverse molecules found in cells are composed of carbon
More informationElements & Macromolecules in Organisms
Name: Period: Date: Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight.
More informationThe Carbon Atom (cont.)
Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry The chemistry of the living world. Organic Molecule a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell and can share electrons with
More informationChapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
Chapter 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES You Must Know The role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds.
More informationBIOCHEMISTRY. How Are Macromolecules Formed? Dehydration Synthesis or condensation reaction Polymers formed by combining monomers and removing water.
BIOCHEMISTRY Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon are called organic. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent bonds with as
More informationThe Chemical Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 3
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent
More informationLecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
More informationChapter 3- Organic Molecules
Chapter 3- Organic Molecules CHNOPS Six of the most abundant elements of life (make up 95% of the weight of all living things)! What are they used for? Structures, enzymes, energy, hormones, DNA How do
More informationMacromolecules Structure and Function
Macromolecules Structure and Function Within cells, small organic molecules (monomers) are joined together to form larger molecules (polymers). Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands
More informationLecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
More informationBiological Molecules
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds. Carbon may
More informationA. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Molecules
Biological Substances found in Living Tissues Lecture Series 3 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function A. Lipids: Water-Insoluble Lipids can form large biological molecules, but these aggregations
More informationMacromolecules. 3. There are several levels of protein structure, the most complex of which is A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary
Macromolecules 1. If you remove all of the functional groups from an organic molecule so that it has only carbon and hydrogen atoms, the molecule become a molecule. A) carbohydrate B) carbonyl C) carboxyl
More informationChapter 3 Guided Reading Notes Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
AP Biology Name: Block Chapter 3 Guided Reading Notes Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Most of this chapter is new material. We will discuss it all in detail. Section 1 1. Make an electron distribution
More informationShort polymer. Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond. Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer
HO 1 2 3 H HO H Short polymer Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond Unlinked monomer H 2 O HO 1 2 3 4 H Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer HO 1 2 3
More informationMacromolecules. You are what you eat! Chapter 5. AP Biology
Macromolecules You are what you eat! Chapter 5 AP Biology Organic Compounds Contain bonds between CARBON glycosidic bond AP Biology Carbohydrates Structure / monomer u monosaccharide Function u energy
More informationThe Structure and Function of Biomolecules
The Structure and Function of Biomolecules The student is expected to: 9A compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
More informationThe Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley
More informationBiology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life
Biology: Life on Earth Chapter 3 Molecules of life Chapter 3 Outline 3.1 Why Is Carbon So Important in Biological Molecules? p. 38 3.2 How Are Organic Molecules Synthesized? p. 38 3.3 What Are Carbohydrates?
More informationMacromolecules. Molecules of Life
Macromolecules Molecules of Life Learning Objectives know the difference between a dehydration synthesis reaction and a hydrolysis reaction know the different types of biological macromolecules be able
More informationUnit #2: Biochemistry
Unit #2: Biochemistry STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF FOUR MACROMOLECULES What are the four main biomolecules? How is each biomolecule structured? What are their roles in life? Where do we find them in our body?
More informationBiological Molecules
Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon bonded to other molecules. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent
More informationCarbohydrates and Lipids
Carbohydrates and Lipids Chapter 5: Macromolecules Macromolecules Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules o macromolecules 4 major classes of macromolecules: o Carbohydrates o
More informationBiological Chemistry. Is biochemistry fun? - Find it out!
Biological Chemistry Is biochemistry fun? - Find it out! 1. Key concepts Outline 2. Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions 3. Carbohydrates 4. Lipids 5. Proteins 6. Nucleic Acids Key Concepts: 1. Organic
More informationFour Classes of Biological Macromolecules. Biological Macromolecules. Lipids
Biological Macromolecules Much larger than other par4cles found in cells Made up of smaller subunits Found in all cells Great diversity of func4ons Four Classes of Biological Macromolecules Lipids Polysaccharides
More informationThe Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
NAME DATE Chapter 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Guided Reading Concept 5.1: Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall
More informationSection 1 Lecture 1- Origins of Life Life probably started by Hydrothermal Vents.
Section 1 Lecture 1- Origins of Life Life probably started by Hydrothermal Vents. Photosynthesis originated around 3GA, as cells figured out how to fix CO2 and release O2. Eukaryotes originates 1.5-2.5
More informationLecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function
Lecture Series 2 Macromolecules: Their Structure and Function Reading Assignments Read Chapter 4 (Protein structure & Function) Biological Substances found in Living Tissues The big four in terms of macromolecules
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl.
Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl. Organic Compounds - have carbon bonded to other atoms and determine structure/function
More informationLesson Overview. Carbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds
Lesson Overview 2.3 The Chemistry of Carbon What elements does carbon bond with to make up life s molecules? Carbon can bond with many elements, including Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Nitrogen
More informationChapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Title: Sep 3 4:37 PM (1 of 65) macromolecules = smaller organic molecules that are joined together to make larger molecules four major classes: proteins
More informationChemistry of Carbon. All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon
Ach Chemistry of Carbon All living things rely on one particular type of molecule: carbon Carbon atom with an outer shell of four electrons can form covalent bonds with four atoms. In organic molecules,
More informationName: Per. HONORS: Molecules of Life
Name: Per. HONORS: Molecules of Life Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are classes of organic molecules that are essential to the life processes of all living things. All three classes of molecules are
More informationMacro molecule = is all the reactions that take place in cells, the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism Anabolism:
Macromolecule Macro molecule = molecule that is built up from smaller units The smaller single subunits that make up macromolecules are known as Joining two or more single units together form a M is all
More information5.2 Lipids 5.21 Triglycerides 5.22 Phospholipids 5.23 Wax 5.24 Steroids. 5.3 Proteins 5.4 Nucleic Acids
BIOCHEMISTRY Class Notes Summary Table of Contents 1.0 Inorganic and Organic Compounds 2.0 Monomers and Polymers 3.0 Dehydration (Condensation) Synthesis 4.0 Hydrolysis Reaction 5.0 Organic Compounds 5.1
More informationChapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life Part 2 Carbohydrates are Polymers of Monosaccharides Three different ways to represent a monosaccharide Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are sugars and starches and provide
More informationMacromolecules. copyright cmassengale
Macromolecules 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 2 Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent
More informationThe Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers Polymer long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. Monomer the small building block molecules. Carbohydrates, proteins
More informationChapter 5: Structure and Function of Macromolecules AP Biology 2011
Chapter 5: Structure and Function of Macromolecules AP Biology 2011 1 Macromolecules Fig. 5.1 Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Polymer - large molecule consisting of many similar building blocks
More informationOrganic Compounds. Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules.
Macromolecules Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carbon can form covalent
More informationUNIT 2 BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ORGANIC MOLECULES: Molecules composed of a carbon skeleton
1 UNIT 2 BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY ORGANIC MOLECULES: Molecules composed of a carbon skeleton Monomers: single building units Polymers: (macromolecules) Very large molecules composed of many monomers put together.
More informationMacromolecules. Ch. 5 Macromolecules BIOL 222. Overview: The Molecules of Life. Macromolecules
Ch. 5 Macromolecules BIOL 222 Overview: The Molecules of Life Macromolecules large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms Built from carbon backbone Also contain large numbers of
More informationThe. Crash Course. Basically, almost all living things are made up of these 4 Elements: - Carbon (C) - Nitrogen (N) - Hydrogen (H) - Oxygen (O)
The Biochemistry Crash Course Basically, almost all living things are made up of these 4 Elements: - Carbon (C) - Nitrogen (N) - Hydrogen (H) - Oxygen (O) This exercise is designed to familiarize you with
More information3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World
BIOL 100 Ch. 3 1 3.1 Carbon is Central to the Living World Carbon Central element to life Most biological molecules are built on a carbon framework. Organic molecules Humans 18.5% Carbon Why is Carbon
More informationLesson 2. Biological Molecules. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1
Lesson 2 Biological Molecules Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Carbon in Biological Molecules Organic molecules contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) Example: glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Inorganic
More informationMost life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors.
Biochemistry II Most life processes are a series of chemical reactions influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Metabolism the sum of all biochemical processes 2 Metabolic Processes Anabolism-
More informationMacromolecules. The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1.
Macromolecules The four groups of biomolecules or macromolecules found in living things which are essential to life are: 1. PROTEINS 1. CARBOHYDRATES 1. LIPIDS 1. NUCLEIC ACIDS Carbon Compounds All compounds
More informationStudy Guide Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question
Study Guide Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1) What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions
More informationChemical Composition of the Cell. B. Balen
Chemical Composition of the Cell B. Balen Table 2-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell ( Garland Science 2008) 1. Water the most abundant substance in the cell! Where did it come from? several hypothesis: -
More informationChapter 3. Table of Contents. Section 1 Carbon Compounds. Section 2 Molecules of Life. Biochemistry
Biochemistry Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds Section 2 Molecules of Life Section 1 Carbon Compounds Objectives Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Explain the importance of
More informationBIOLOGY 111. CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life Biological Molecules
BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life Biological Molecules The Chemistry of Life : Learning Outcomes 2.4) Describe the significance of carbon in forming the basis of the four classes of biological
More informationBiomolecules. Unit 3
Biomolecules Unit 3 Atoms Elements Compounds Periodic Table What are biomolecules? Monomers vs Polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Minerals Vitamins Enzymes Triglycerides Chemical Reactions
More informationChapter Sections: 3.1 Carbon s Place in the Living World 3.2 Functional Groups 3.3 Carbohydrates 3.4 Lipids 3.5 Proteins 3.
Chapter Sections: 3.1 Carbon s Place in the Living World 3.2 Functional Groups 3.3 Carbohydrates 3.4 Lipids 3.5 Proteins 3.6 Nucleic Acids Student Goals: By the end of this lecture series, students should
More information2 3 Carbon Compounds Slide 1 of 37
1 of 37 The Chemistry of Carbon The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons that can join with
More informationChp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules. Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein
Chp 2 (cont.) Organic Molecules Spider s web and close up of capture strand - spider silk protein 1! Molecular Diversity is Based on Carbon An organic molecule contains both carbon and hydrogen. Ex: Methane
More information6/15/2015. Biological Molecules. Outline. Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules. What is organic?
Biological Molecules Biology 105 Lecture 3 Reading: Chapter 2 (pages 29 39) Outline Organic Compounds - definition Functional Groups Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Amino Acids and Proteins Nucleotides
More informationWhat are the molecules of life?
Molecules of Life What are the molecules of life? Organic Compounds Complex Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Organic Compounds Carbon- hydrogen based molecules From Structure to Function Ø Carbon
More informationNOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*)
NOTE: For studying for the final, you only have to worry about those with an asterix (*) (*)1. An organic compound is one that: a. contains carbon b. is slightly acidic c. forms long chains d. is soluble
More informationChapter 3 The Molecules of Life
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life State Standards Standard 1.h. Standard 5.a. Standard 4.e. Organic Molecules A cell is mostly water. The rest of the cell consists mostly of carbon based molecules organic
More informationCARBOHYDRATES. Produce energy for living things Atoms? Monomer Examples? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio.
CARBOHYDRATES Produce energy for living things Atoms? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio Monomer Examples? Sugars, starches MONOSACCHARIDES--- main source of energy for cells Glucose Know formula?
More informationMany of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called organic chemistry
1 2 3 4 Bio 1101 Lecture 3 Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Organic Molecules Many of the compounds we are concerned with in biology are carbon-based compounds The study of carbon-based compounds is called
More information3. Hydrogen bonds form between which atoms? Between an electropositive hydrogen and an electronegative N, O or F.
Chemistry of Life Answers 1. Differentiate between an ionic and covalent bond. Provide an example for each. Ionic: occurs between metals and non-metals, e.g., NaCl Covalent: occurs between two non-metals;
More informationCh. 5 Macromolecules. Overview: The Molecules of Life. Macromolecules BIOL 222. Macromolecules
Ch. 5 Macromolecules BIOL 222 Overview: The Molecules of Life Macromolecules large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms Built from carbon backbone Also contain large numbers of
More informationMacromolecules. Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own.
Macromolecules Note: If you have not taken Chemistry 11 (or if you ve forgotten some of it), read the Chemistry Review Notes on your own. Macromolecules are giant molecules made up of thousands or hundreds
More information2.2 Properties of Water
2.2 Properties of Water I. Water s unique properties allow life to exist on Earth. A. Life depends on hydrogen bonds in water. B. Water is a polar molecule. 1. Polar molecules have slightly charged regions
More informationLesson Overview. Carbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds
Lesson Overview 2.3 THINK ABOUT IT In the early 1800s, many chemists called the compounds created by organisms organic, believing they were fundamentally different from compounds in nonliving things. We
More informationBiological molecules
Biological molecules 04-04-16 Announcements Your lab report 1 is due now Quiz 1 is on Wednesday at the beginning of class, so don t be late Review Macromolecues are large molecules necessary for life made
More informationChapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Name Period Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers 1. The large molecules of all living things fall into just four main classes. Name them. 2. Circle the three classes that are called
More informationBIOMOLECULES. (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block:
BIOMOLECULES (AKA MACROMOLECULES) Name: Block: BIOMOLECULES POGIL All living things share the same chemical building blocks and depend on chemical processes for survival. Life without carbon (C) would
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. So far... All living things are primarily made up of four classes of Macromolecules
Slide 1 So far... 1. Biology is the study of life - All life is based on the cell - The Earth, organisms, cells are all aqueous 2. Water s uniqueness stems from its internal polarity - Solvent, Co/Adhesion,
More informationCarbon. p Has four valence electrons p Can bond with many elements p Can bond to other carbon atoms
Organic Compounds Carbon p Has four valence electrons p Can bond with many elements p Can bond to other carbon atoms n Gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length. p Organic
More informationMacromolecules. Macromolecules. Polymers. How to build a polymer 9/11/2015. Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules Macromolecules Building Blocks of Life Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules macromolecules 4 major classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic
More informationThe Structure and Function of Macromolecules (Chapter Five)
1 Most Macromolecules are Polymers The Structure and Function of Macromolecules (Chapter Five) POLYMER PRINCIPLES The four main classes of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic
More informationName a property of. water why is it necessary for life?
02.09.18 Name a property of + water why is it necessary for life? n Cohesion n Adhesion n Transparency n Density n Solvent n Heat capacity + Macromolecules (2.3 & some of 2.4) + Organic Molecules All molecules
More informationCarbon Compounds. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.3 Carbon Compounds
Lesson Overview Carbon Compounds Lesson Overview 2.3 THINK ABOUT IT In the early 1800s, many chemists called the compounds created by organisms organic, believing they were fundamentally different from
More informationI. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers. Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis
I. Polymers & Macromolecules Figure 1: Polymers Polymer: Macromolecule: Figure 2: Polymerization via Dehydration Synthesis 1 Dehydration Synthesis: Figure 3: Depolymerization via Hydrolysis Hydrolysis:
More informationUnit One. Karen Webb Smith. URLs to print and study for this chapter
2 URLs to print and study for this chapter This site covers information on carbohydrates, fats, & proteins. It also discusses cholesterol. Explore it all. http://home.howstuffworks.com/food.htm Carbohydrates.
More informationThe building blocks of life.
The building blocks of life. The 4 Major Organic Biomolecules The large molecules (biomolecules OR polymers) are formed when smaller building blocks (monomers) bond covalently. via anabolism Small molecules
More informationThe Building blocks of life. Macromolecules
The Building blocks of life Macromolecules 1 copyright cmassengale 2 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromolecules are large organic molecules. 3 LIFE ON EARTH IS CARBON-BASED
More information