Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function

Transcription

1 Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7, Section 2 Cell Structure Cell as a Factory 1

2 A. Cell Organization The Cell is like a Factory: Many different workers performing different functions in order to maintain homeostasis/life! These Workers are the Specialized Organelles Organelle is a "Tiny Organ" Responsible for Information, Energy, Maintenance, and Production of Cellular Activity 2

3 Classwork: Go to following website and complete your cellular organelles worksheet 3

4 1. Cytoplasm (Workspace/Factory Floor) Fluid Filled Space within the Cell Membrane where the Organelles Float Cytosol Fluid in the Cytoplasm Function Acts like blood to circulate materials within the cell "Cytoplasmic Streaming" 4

5 2. The Nucleus: (Control center/brain of Cell) Function: Membrane Bound Organelle that contains DNA Instructions for creating the products= Proteins Membrane is called Nuclear Envelopehas pores which limit what enters and exits Dense central region called Nucleolus tiny nucleus builds the ribosomes (MAD IMPORTANT!) 5

6 3. Produces of Cellular Products ie Proteins. a. RIBOSOMES: PROTEIN FACTORIES Function: Responsible for assembling Amino Acids in ` the correct order and binding them together! Can be free flowing in cytoplasm or bound to ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Ribosomes b. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transport Tunnels Function: Take the newly assembled proteins and transport them to the GOLGI APPARATUS Rough ER Studded with Risosomes Smooth ER No Ribosomes Ribosomes 6

7 c. Golgi Apparatus: Shipping Station Function: Packages the Proteins so they can be delivered A Protein will not work until it is processed here. This is where it is given its final shape! Quaternary Structure Remember Dictates Golgi Apparatus Proteins 7

8 4. Organelles Responsible for Energy A. Chloroplast Found only in Plant Cells Contain Chlorophyll Green Color/Main Photosynthetic Pigment Membrane Bound Organelle Function: **Where Photosynthesis Happens!!!** (Photoautotroph) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert the energy in sunlight into food (glucose) 8

9 B. Mitochondria (Power Plant) Membrane Bound Organelle Found in both Plant and Animal Cells Function: Breakdown food (chemical energy) into ATP which is also energy that can be used by the cell Process is called RESPIRATION 9

10 5. Supporting Structures Storage, Clean up, Structure Storage: 1. VACUOLES (Both Plant and Animal Cells) Large membrane bound sacs used for the storage of water, salt, protein, and carbs a. Central Vacuole found in plants used for water and food storage Makes plant firm Turgor Pressure 10

11 b. Contractile Vacuole more common in animal cells acts like a pump to suck in fluids and food from outside environment Osmoregulation prevents it from bursting or being crushed Also aids in Locomotion 11

12 Cleanup: A. LYSOSOMES and PEROXISOMES Function: Small sacs filled with enzymes used for breaking down proteins, lipids, and sugars into smaller units that can be used by the cell Also breakdown junk old organelles that do not work Bad broken DNA waste products of digestion harmful invaders like bacteria and virus 12

13 6. Structure Cytoskeleton: Framework of Proteins that give a cell its shape and structure and hold organelles in place a. Microtubules Main support beams b. Microfilaments connect microtubules (Crossbeams) 13

14 Microtubule Microfilament Microtubule Microfilament Microfilament Microtubule Men eating Lunch on a Microfilament 14

15 7. LOCOMOTION A. Cilia: Tiny Hair Like Projections that aid in movement B. Flagella: Whiplike tail used for motion 15

16 C. Pseudopodia: "False Feet" Amoeba will extend its pseudopods in the direction it wants to move and the rest of its body will catch up. Pseudopods 16

17 8. Cell Boundaries: 1. Cell Walls: (Found only in Plants) Support, Shape, and Protection Allow water, oxygen, and CO2 and other materials necessary to cell life to pass easily! Prevent the Plant cell from absorbing too much water 2. Cell/Plasma Membrane: Selectively Permeable Membrane Limits what enters and exits the cell Phospholipid Bilayer Double Layer of Phospholipids 17