Cells. A typical animal cell THE CELL MEMBRANE FIRST STOP

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1 WHAT ARE YOU MADE OF? A typical animal cell Cells Cells FIRST STOP The cell membrane THE CELL MEMBRANE The CELL MEMBRANE is the Gate Keeper It controls what goes in and out of the cell. The membrane is selectively permeable: it lets some molecules to pass, but not all.

2 THE CELL MEMBRANE Cholesterol Cytoplasm Lipid bilayer Protein CYTOPLASM CYTOPLASM is the gel- like material inside of the cell. It provides a medium for materials to float and move. The nucleus

3 NUCLEUS The NUCLEUS is the brain of the cell It controls all of the cells activities The nucleus contains the cells instructions, or DNA We have 6 feet of DNA wrapped up in each nucleus NUCLEUS Some activities directed by the NUCLEUS include: Making copies of itself Making repairs Getting rid of waste The Endoplasmic Reticulum

4 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM The ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM is where important molecules are made Ribosomes The ROUGH ER is the site for protein synthesis The SMOOTH ER is the site for making lipids and complex carbohydrates RIBOSOMES RIBOSOMES are located both on the endoplasmic reticulum as well as free floating within the cell. Their job is to make proteins. The mitochondria

5 MITOCHONDRIA The MITOCHONDRIA is often called the powerhouse of the cell. Its job is to create energy. MITOCHONDRIA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY: Use to be a free living organism now lives symbiotically inside all eukaryotic cells provides high amounts of energy by creating ATP (energy currency of the cell) GOLGI BODIES GOLGI BODIES are nicknamed the post office of the cell. The Golgi Body They package up and deliver materials to be used within the cell or other cells.

6 The centriole CENTRIOLE The CENTRIOLE plays an important role in cell division in animal cells. They also help in the formation of cilia and flagella The cytoskeleton

7 CYTOSKELETON The CYTOSKELETON LAST STOP The Lysosome gives the cell a stable structure. Act as highways to move materials and organelles. LYSOSOMES LYSOSOMES are the garbage disposals of the cell. They engulf, digest and get rid of cellular waste. Cell membrane

8 Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Ribosome

9 Golgi Body Lysosome Mitochondria Plant cells are a little different

10 Plant cells have: VACUOLE Vacuole VACUOLES are used Chloroplast to store sugar or water Cell Wall CHLOROPLAST CHLOROPLASTS contain chlorophyll, it's what makes plants green They turn sunlight into sugar to be used for energy through photosynthesis CELL WALL CELL WALLS provide additional strength and structure to the plant Without cell walls plants would fall over.

11 Bacterial cells have: PILI Hair-like structures that help bacteria anchor to surfaces and exchange genes FLAGELA Whip tail structure that helps bacteria move Circular piece of DNA that provide special traits In addition, bacteria have ribosomes and DNA DNA that provide special traits Flagela Whip tail structure that helps bacteria move Are NOT considered - protects contents PLASMID Plasmid Circular pieces of Hair-like structures that help bacteria anchor to surfaces and exchange genes CAPSID protein coat (ex. Antibiotic resistance) Types of Viruses Viruses: Pili Viruses Viruses: alive - they need a host In addition, bacteria have to carry out functions to survive ribosomes and DNA Pili Some viruses also have Hair-like structures an help envelope that bacteria Plasmid Circular pieces of DNA that provide special traits anchor to surfaces and exchange genes DNA and ENZYMES needed for replication are Flagela found inside the coat Whip tail structure that helps bacteria move SPIKES on the coat help viruses enter the cell In addition, bacteria have ribosomes and DNA