Parotid Gland. Parotid Gland. Largest of 3 paired salivary glands (submandibular; sublingual) Ramus of Mandible. Medial pterygoid.
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1 Parotid region
2
3
4 Parotid Gland Largest of 3 paired salivary glands (submandibular; sublingual) Ramus of Mandible Medial pterygoid Cross section of mandible Masseter D S SCM Parotid Gland Mastoid Process Facial nerve and its branches
5 Parotid Duct Parotid Duct Parotid Gland Buccal Branch of the Facial Nerve Masseter Buccinator Parotid Duct
6 Parotid Duct 3 parallel structures!! Transverse Facial Artery Parotid Duct Buccinator Buccal Branch of the Facial Nerve Retromandibular v. Parotid Gland Masseter 2nd Molar
7 Intraoral opening of the parotid duct (next to the upper second molar)
8
9 Innervation of the parotid gland
10
11 O S T E O L O G Y Temporal fossa Frontal Zygomatic Maxilla Grtr wing sphenoid Mand ramus Parietal Temporal Zygomatic arch (zygoma)
12 Boundaries of the Infratemporal Fossa: Frontal Parietal Zyg Grtr wing Sphenoid Roof Temporal Ext. aud meatus Maxilla Styloid P. Infratemporal fossa Lat pterygoid plate
13 Channels communicating with the infratemporal fossa: Inferior orbital fissure Frontal Grtr wing Sphenoid Parietal Temporal Zyg Pterygomaxillary fissure Maxilla Foramen ovale + Foramen spinosum
14
15 Contents of the infratemporal fossa: Three (of four) muscles of mastication Mandibular nerve (V 3 ) + branches Otic ganglion Chorda tympani nerve (between facial and lingual nerve) Maxillary artery + branches Pterygoid plexus of veins
16 Muscles of Mastication: Temporalis Temporalis fascia Masseter Parotid duct
17 Muscles of Mastication: Lateral pterygoid Articular disk Head of mandible Medial pterygoid
18 Temporalis and Masseter muscles
19 Jaw opening muscles
20 Anterior belly of digastric muscle
21 Lateral (side to side) motion: lateral and medial pterygoids (#3,4) Action of muscles of mastication on the mandible: Depression (open mouth): anterior belly of digastric, geniohyoid, lateral pterygoids (#3), mylohyoid (minor role) Elevation (close mouth, occlusion): masseter (#2), temporalis (#1), medial pterygoids (#4) Protrusion (protraction): mostly medial and lateral pterygoids (#3,4) + masseter (#2) Retrusion (retraction): temporalis (#1)
22 Temporomandibular Joint: Articulation of condyle of mandible with mandibular fossa plus articular eminence of temporal bone Articular eminence Mandibular (glenoid) fossa Mandibular head (condyle)
23 TMJ: details of articulation Gliding Action Upper synovial space Mandibular fossa Articular disc Lateral pterygoid tendon Condyle Hinge Action Lower synovial space
24 TMJ movement: Initial opening of mouth involves rotation of the condyle in the lower compartment of the TMJ. This is the HINGE motion. Further opening (beyond 20 mm.) requires translation of the condyle+articular disc on the articular eminence, which occurs in the upper compartment. This is the GLIDING motion.
25
26 Capsular ligament of the TMJ (enclosing the TMJ)
27 Ligaments of the temporomandibular joint
28 Review: Trigeminal nerve in middle cranial fossa: V V 1 V 2 V 3 V 3 Exits through foramen ovale to enter infratemporal fossa.
29 SS+parapost from otic ganglia (IX) Auriculotemporal MANDIBULAR NERVE (V 3 ) V 3 Somatosensory and somatomotor Chorda tympani* n (VII) Para pre & Taste SS Inferior alveolar n Mylohyoid n SM to mylohyoid & anterior digastric mm * Taste & parasympathetic pre-ganglionic Mental n SS SS Buccal n To go in and innervate cheek (don t get confused with buccal branch of CNVII) SS Lingual n
30 Foramen ovale Eye Greater wing of sphenoid Ear rior V 3 Maxilla Posterio Mandible
31 Chorda tympani B Posterior Anterior L I Ramus fractured M
32 Maxillary artery Maxillary artery
33
34 The pterygopalatine fossa is somewhat cone-shaped, located between the infratemporal fossa laterally and nasal cavity medially. It has six openings. Sphenoid bone posterior view Nasal cavity Infratemporal fossa
35 Six openings in to or out of the pterygopalatine fossa: Infraorbital (V 2 ) & artery 4. Inferior orbital fissure Nasal nerves Sphenopalatine artery 6. Sphenopalatine foramen Nasal Cavity Right side 1. Foramen rotundum Maxillary (V 2 ) Infratemporal Fossa 2. Pterygoid canal Greater petrosal nerve nerve of pterygoid canal (Vidian s) 5. Pterygomaxillary fissure Maxillary artery 3. Greater palatine foramen Greater & lesser palatine n.
36 Maxillary Artery entering pterygopalatine fossa ECA Maxillary artery arising from external carotid artery
37 Superficial temporal a Maxillary artery I Maxillary a Ext carotid a Inferior alveolar artery and nerve
38 Maxillary Artery II Maxillary a Auriculotemporal n Middle meningeal a
39 Auriculotemporal nerve Middle meningeal artery V 3 Maxillary artery ECA
40
41 Maxillary artery entering the pterygopalatine fossa
42
43 Veins in the facial region
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