APPENDICULAR SKELETON 126 AXIAL SKELETON SKELETAL SYSTEM. Cranium. Skull. Face. Skull and associated bones. Auditory ossicles. Associated bones.
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1 SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 AXIAL SKELETON 80 APPENDICULAR SKELETON 26 Skull Skull and associated s 29 Cranium Face Auditory ossicles Associated s Hyoid Thoracic cage 25 Sternum Ribs 24 Vertebrae 24 column 26 Sacrum Coccyx Skeletal system, axial components highlighted
2 Cranial s Parietal Parietal Frontal Facial s Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid Occipital SKULL Cranial s Auditory ossicles enclosed in temporal s (detailed in Chapter 8) ASSOCIATED BONES 6 7 Hyoid CRANIUM Occipital Parietal s Frontal Temporal s Sphenoid Ethmoid FACE Maxillae Palatine s Nasal s Inferior nasal conchae Zygomatic s Lacrimal s Lacrimal Vomer Nasal Zygomatic Maxilla Vomer Mandible Mandible Facial s
3 Left parietal Right parietal Sagittal suture Lambdoid suture Occipital Squamous suture Temporal Styloid Occipital condyle Mandible Posterior view
4 Occipital Lambdoid suture Right parietal Left parietal Sagittal suture Coronal suture Frontal Zygomatic Nasal s view
5 Coronal suture Sphenoid Frontal Supraorbital (frontal ) Squamous suture Parietal Nasal Lambdoid suture Temporal Lacrimal groove of lacrimal Ethmoid External acoustic (auditory) meatus (temporal ) Occipital Infraorbital Foramen (maxilla) Maxilla Zygomatic arch Styloid (temporal ) Zygomatic of temporal Temporal of zygomatic Mandible Lateral view Zygomatic Mental (mandible)
6 Ethmoid Palatine Parietal Supraorbital (frontal ) Sphenoid Temporal Lacrimal Frontal Coronal suture Optic canal/ (sphenoid ) orbital fissure (sphenoid ) Inferior orbital fissure Zygomatic Nasal Maxilla Inferior nasal concha Vomer Mandible Anterior view Infraorbital (maxilla) Middle nasal concha (ethmoid ) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid Mental (mandible)
7 Frontal Zygomatic Vomer Sphenoid Foramen ovale (sphenoid ) Styloid (temporal ) Mandibular fossa (temporal ) External auditory (acoustic) meatus (temporal ) Jugular Maxilla Palatine Zygomatic of the temporal Foramen lacerum Carotid canal (Temporal ) Temporal Lambdoid suture Occipital Occipital condyle (occipital ) Foramen magnum Inferior view, mandible removed
8 Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Carotid canal (temporal ) Parietal Occipital Foramen magnum Crista galli (ethmoid ) Cribriform plate Ethmoid ) Sella turcica (spehnoid ) Foramen rotundum (spehnoid ) Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale (sphenoid ) Foramen spinosum (sphenoid ) Internal acoustic meatus (temporal ) Jugular
9 Coronal suture Frontal Sphenoid Sphenoidal sinus Frontal sinus Crista galli (ethmoid ) Nasal Perpendicular plate of ethmoid Vomer Mandible Maxilla Parietal Squamous suture Temporal Lambdoid suture Hypophyseal fossa* of sella turcica (sphenoid ) Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus (temporal b one) Occipital Palatine Styloid (temporal ) * Holds the pituitary gland in the fossa
10 Sphenoid Foramen rotundum orbital fissure Optic (canal) Optic (chiasmatic) groove Lesser wing Greater wing Foramen ovale Sella turcica Foramen spinosum surface
11 Sphenoid orbital fissure Sphenoidal sinus Lesser wing Greater wing Orbital surface of greater wing Foramen rotundum Anterior surface
12 Cribriform plate (contain olfactory foramina) Ethmoid Crista galli Middle nasal concha Anterior view Perpendicular plate
13 Optic groove Crista galli (Ethmoid ) Frontal sinus Nasal conchae (superior, middle, and inferior) Sphenoidal sinus Sella turcica (sphenoid) Skull, sagittal section Jugular Internal acoustic meatus (Temporal )
14 Mandible Head Teeth (molar) Mandibular Body Ramus Lateral view Mental
15 Mandible and hyoid s Styloid (temporal ) Greater horn Lesser horn Thyroid cartilage Anterior view Hyoid Mandible Greater horn Lesser horn Body Hyoid, anterosuperior view
16 Sphenoidal fontanel Nasal Greater wing of sphenoid Sagittal suture Parietal Anterior fontanel Coronal suture Frontal suture Frontal Coronal suture Maxilla Frontal Mandible Lateral view Temporal Parietal Mastoid fontanel Coronal suture Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Occipital Frontal Frontal suture Frontal view Sagittal suture Parietal Anterior fontanel Parietal Parietal Lambdoid suture Occipital Posterior fontanel Frontal suture Posterior fontanel Lambdoid suture Occipital Anterior/superior view Posterior view
17 SPINAL CURVES VERTEBRAL REGIONS Thoracic Cervical Lumbar C C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 T T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 0 T T 2 L L 2 L 3 L 4 Cervical Thoracic Lumbar T 2 Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae L 5 L 5 Sacral Lateral view Sacral Coccygeal Lateral view S MRI scan (sagittal section) Intervertebral disc Sacral vertebrae Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral 2 fetal months 6 fetal months Newborn 4-yearold 3-yearold Adult
18 Typical lumbar vertebra Articular es articular Transverse Pedicle body Transverse articular Spinous Inferior articular view arch body Inferior articular facet Inferior articular Spinous Arrow passing through vertebral Lateral and inferior view Inferior articular facet body Inferior view Pedicle
19 articular facet articular Lamina Intervertebral Intervertebral disc Spinous Intervertebral disc Transverse Posterior view body Inferior articular Inferior articular facet body Arrow passing through vertebral canal Lateral view
20 C articular facet Location of transverse C 2 articular C 3 C 4 Inferior articular C 5 Spinous Vertebra prominens C 6 C 7 Spinous Inferior articular facet Transverse body Typical cervical vertebra, lateral view Maxilla Dens of axis Inferior articular facet of atlas articular facet of axis arch Spinous Lamina body of atlas C 3 vertebral body Mandible Pedicle Transverse articular articular facet Transverse body X-ray of superior cervical vertebrae, anterior-posterior view Typical cervical vertebra, superior view Typical cervical vertebra
21 st cervical vertebra (C) or atlas articular facet articular Atlas, superior view Posterior tubercle Transverse Transverse Inferior articular facet Atlas, inferior view
22 2 nd cervical vertebra (C2) or axis Spinous Transverse articular facet Lamina Transverse Pedicle body Inferior articular Inferior articular facet Transverse Transverse Lamina Spinous body Pedicle Dens Axis, superior view articular Axis, inferior view
23 Dens Transverse ligament Atlas (C ) Articulated atlas and axis; superior and posterior view Axis (C ) 2
24 Typical thoracic vertebra Spinous of vertebra prominens C 7 T T 2 T 3 T 4 Transverse costal facet articular facet Pedicle Transverse es costal facet for head of rib articular body T 5 T 6 Spinous Inferior costal facet Inferior vertebral notch T 7 T 8 T 9 T 0 Intervertebral Inferior articular Thoracic vertebra, lateral view Inferior costal facet for head of rib T T 2 Thoracic vertebrae, lateral view
25 Transverse costal facet for tubercle of rib Spinous Lamina Transverse costal facet Transverse articular facet costal facet articular Pedicle Inferior costal facet body costal facet Thoracic vertebra, superior view
26 articular facet Transverse Lamina Spinous Thoracic vertebra, posterior view
27 Lumbar vertebra articular Transverse Spinous body Pedicle Spinous body Inferior articular Inferior articular facet Lateral view
28 articular facet Spinous Lamina articular facet articular Transverse body Pedicle body Lumbar vertebra, superior view
29 Sacrum and coccyx Sacrum Posterior surface Lateral surface Anterior surface Coccyx
30 Thoracic cage- ribs (costae), sternum, and vertebrae Jugular notch Manubrium 2 Sternum Body Xiphoid 3 4 True ribs (ribs 7) Floating ribs (ribs 2) Costal cartilages T T Vertebrochondral ribs (ribs 8 0) False ribs (ribs 8 2) Anterior view
31 Transverse costal facet Tubercle of rib Angle Costal facet Neck Head end view
32 LE6-27c C T T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T True ribs (ribs 7) 7 T T T 9 T 0 T T 2 L False ribs (ribs 8 2) Posterior view
33 Articular facets Head Neck Tubercle Body Angle Attachment to costal cartilage (sternal end) Posterior view Costa (rib) Costal groove
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