The Ocular Fundus. From Findings to Diagnosis. Bearbeitet von Sebastian Wolf, Martin Reim, Bernd Kirchhof

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1 The Ocular Fundus From Findings to Diagnosis Bearbeitet von Sebastian Wolf, Martin Reim, Bernd Kirchhof 1. Auflage Buch. 248 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 19,5 x 27 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Medizin > Klinische und Innere Medizin > Augenheilkunde, Optometrie schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Table of Contents VII 1 Introduction 1 2 Examination Methods 4 History Functional Tests Visual Acuity Visual Field Color Vision Contrast Sensitivity Ophthalmoscopy Direct Ophthalmoscopy Indirect Ophthalmoscopy High Refractive Power Lenses in Conjunction with the Slit Lamp Contact Optics with Deflecting Mirrors Special Considerations when Examining Infants and Newborns Objective Imaging Studies and Their Evaluation Fundus Photography Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Fluorescence Angiography Electrophysiological Studies Electro-oculography (EOG) Electroretinography (ERG) Visual Evoked Cortical Potentials (VECP) Ultrasound Studies A-Mode Ultrasonography B-Mode Ultrasonography Doppler Ultrasonography Color Doppler Imaging Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Biopsy Anterior Chamber Vitreous Body Tumors Appearance of Retinal and Choroidal Disorders 21 Retinopathy with Focal or Mottled Lesions.. 21 White Mottled Deposits Sharply Demarcated, Bright, and Pigmented Areas Blurred, Fluffy, White Focal Lesions Prominence of the Macula Secondary Macular Edema Macular Edema with Retinal Vascular Disease.. 45 Macular Edema from Choroidal Neovascularization Choroidal Neovascularization of Other Causes. 54 Proliferation, Scarring, and Holes in the Macula Epiretinal Membranes (Macular Pucker) Idiopathic Macular Hole Choroidal Folds Depigmented and Pigmented Focal Lesions in the Macula Solar Retinopathy Injuries from Laser Beams and Autogenous Welding Pigmented Macular Scars Secondary to Contusion Maculopathy in Myopia Pattern Dystrophies Central Areolar Macular Atrophy Bull s Eye Dystrophy Macular Dystrophies with Mottled Lesions. 65 Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy (Best Disease).. 66 Sorsby Macular Dystrophy Stargardt Disease

3 VIII Large Areas of Yellowish-White Exudative Retinopathy Necrotizing Retinitis Serpiginous Choroiditis Vogt Koyanagi Harada Syndrome Berlin Edema in the Fundus Ischemic Edema in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Scattered Pigment Changes with Large Areas of Retinal and Choroidal Dystrophy Atrophic and Pigmented Areas Fields with Coarse Pigmentation and Depigmentation Large Areas of Progressive Retinal Degeneration in Both Eyes Cancer- Associated Retinopathy (CAR) Significance of Rare Types of Retinal Degeneration and Dystrophy Fundi with Typical Pigmentations and Chorioretinal Atrophy Tapetoretinal Degenerations Albinism Pediatric Retinal Dystrophies with Maculopathies Peripheral Retinal and Choroidal Lesions Pigmentation, Bright White Yellow Spots and Cobblestone Degeneration Lattice Degeneration and Vitreous Adhesion. 105 Retinal Holes and Tears Pigmented Flecks and Fields at the Level of the Fundus Vitreoretinal Degeneration Retinal Detachments Broad Gray Bubblelike Bulging of the Retina Glassy, Transparent Retinal Detachments Choroidal Detachment Retinal Detachment due to Solid Protrusions. 118 Retinal Tumors White Tumors Retinoblastoma Mulberry Tumors: Tuberous Sclerosis Vascular Tumors: Hemangiomas Brown Tumor in Coats Disease Appearance of Vascular Disorders 127 Ophthalmoscopic Structure of Fundus Vessels Variants in the Course of the Retinal Vessels Cilioretinal Artery Atypical Branching of the Retinal Arterioles Retinal Vessels in Macular Aplasia Abnormal Vessels in the Retina Telangiectasia Multiple Leber Miliary Aneurysms Solitary Retinal Macroaneurysms Angiomatosis Retinae (Von Hippel Lindau Disease) Rarefied and Elongated Vessels Wide and Irregular Reflexes on Retinal Arterioles in Arteriosclerosis Choroidal Sclerosis with Bright Vascular Bands and Thin Columns of Blood Thin Vessels, Minimal Microvasculature, and Pale Fundus in Ischemic Ophthalmopathy Thin Vessels, Pale Fundus, and Occasional Retinal Bleeding in Anemia Narrowed Arterioles and Congested Veins. 133 Pathophysiology of the Retinal Vessels in Arterial Hypertension Changes in the Retinal Vessels in Arterial Hypertension Distinguishing Arteriosclerosis from Hypertension Hypertensive Fundus Bleeding, Cotton-Wool Spots, Hard Exudates, and Retinal Edema Hypertensive Retinopathy Classification of Fundus Changes in Arterial Hypertension Stenoses of the Arterioles, Cotton-Wool Spots, and Retinal Edema in Retinopathy in Pregnancy Purtscher Retinopathy (Traumatic Retinal Angiopathy) Capillary Aneurysms, Hard Exudates, Bleeding, and Neovascularization Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) 139 Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) Macular Edema in Diabetic Maculopathy Disorders Involving Primarily Retinal Bleeding Bleeding in the Region Drained by the Retinal Veins

4 IX Cockade Hemorrhagic Lesions in Chronic Myelosis Bleeding between the Venules and Arterioles in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Large Areas of Bleeding in Multiple Myelomas (Plasmacytoma) Engorged Blood Vessels in Polycythemia Vera 152 Idiopathic Macular Bleeding Macular Bleeding Following the Valsalva Maneuver Characteristic Fundus Findings in Hemoglobin Disorders Peripheral Neovascularization in the Retina 155 Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) Peripheral Vascular Proliferation in Eales Disease Perivascular Infiltrates, Vascular Obliteration, and Retinal Bleeding in Inflammatory Vascular Disorders Peripheral Vascular Obliteration in Eales Disease Perivascular Infiltrates in Retinal Periphlebitis. 162 Inflammatory Infiltration in Specific Types of Retinal Vasculitis Phenomenology of Disease of Vitreous Body 167 Symptoms with Vitreous Opacities and Specific Examinations Leukocoria Blood Vessels in the Vitreous Body Persistent Hyaloid Artery arising from the Optic Disc Active Neovascularization in the Vitreous Body in Proliferative Retinopathy Small Opacities in the Vitreous Body Floaters Moving Spots against a Bright Background Distressing Subjective Perceptions in Posterior Vitreous Detachment Multiple White Dots like Snow Flakes Synchysis Scintillans Cholesterol Hyalosis Multiple White Globules Asteroid Hyalosis Scintillatio Nivea Diffuse Opacities in the Vitreous Body Opacities from Chronic Cellular and Fibrinous Infiltration of the Vitreous Body Opacities from Acute Cellular and Fibrinous Infiltration of the Vitreous Body Large Opacities in the Vitreous Body Vitreous Hemorrhage Appearance of Optic Nerve Disorders 181 Blurred Appearance, Hyperemia, and Protrusion Optic Disc Edema Bilateral Blurring of the Optic Disc with Hyperemia and Prominence Unilateral Blurring of the Optic Disc with Hyperemia, Prominence, and Impaired Vision 189 Pale, Often White, Sharply Demarcated Optic Disc Optic Nerve Atrophy Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Optic Nerve Atrophy Partial or Localized Pallor of the Optic Disc Completely White Optic Disc Optic Nerve Atrophy Hereditary Optic Nerve Atrophy Excavations of the Optic Nerve Physiologic Cupping of the Optic Disc Cupping of the Optic Disc in Myopia Cupping and Atrophy of the Optic Nerve in Glaucoma Excavation Filled with Grayish-White Tissue Optic Pit Anomalous Tissue on and adjacent to the Optic Disc Scleral Crescent Pigment Crescent Myopic Crescent Persistent Embryonic Tissue on the Optic Disc 210 Optic Disc Coloboma Morning Glory Disc Optic Disc Melanocytoma Optic Disc Hemangioma Optic Disc Osteoma

5 X 7 Disorders without Conspicuous Changes of the Fundus 213 Floaters Unilateral Visual Impairment in Children Amblyopia Acute Visual Impairment with Normal Optic Disc Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis Visual Impairment with Normal Optic Disc Example of Compression Neuropathy of the Optic Nerve Severe Endocrine Orbitopathy (Graves Disease) Color Vision Defects Congenital Hereditary Color Vision Defects Achromatopsia Stationary Cone Dysfunction Incipient Tapetoretinal Degeneration Incipient Stargardt Disease Incipient Retinitis Pigmentosa Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) Night Blindness with Hereditary Deficiency of the Retinol-Binding Protein Simulation Visual Agnosia List of Abbreviations 222 Literature 223 Systematic Outline of Fundus Diseases 224 Index 229

Optical Coherence Tomography

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