Uveitis and Immunological Disorders

Transcription

1 Essentials in Ophthalmology Uveitis and Immunological Disorders Progress III Bearbeitet von Uwe Pleyer, John V. Forrester 1. Auflage Buch. xiv, 120 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 19,3 x 26 cm Gewicht: 514 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Medizin > Klinische und Innere Medizin > Augenheilkunde, Optometrie Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 IX Chapter 1 Histocompatibility Matching in Penetrating Keratoplasty Daniel Böhringer, Thomas Reinhard 1.1 Introduction Major Transplantation Antigens (HLA) Typing Methods Discussion of the Evidence for HLA Matching in Penetrating Keratoplasty Differential HLA Matching Minor (H) Transplantation Antigens Discussion of Selected H Antigens H-Y HA ABO Practical Concerns: Time on the Waiting List Waiting Time Variability as a Major Handicap in HLA Matching Predicting the Time on the Waiting List Recommended Clinical Practice References Chapter 2 Acute Anterior Uveitis and HLA-B27: What s New? John H. Chang, Peter J. McCluskey, Denis Wakefield 2.1 Introduction Epidemiology of Acute Anterior Uveitis and HLA-B Global Patterns of HLA-B27+ Acute Anterior Uveitis HLA-B27 and Disease New Developments in the Immunogenetics of HLA-B Role of Microbial Triggers in Immune-Mediated Inflammation HLA-B27-Associated Inflammatory Disease Other Genetic Risk Factors for Acute Anterior Uveitis Current Understanding of AAU Pathogenesis Cytokines Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) Clinical Features of Acute Anterior Uveitis HLA-B27 and Clinical Phenotype Ocular Complications Clinical Management of AAU Conclusions References Chapter 3 What Can the Aqueous Humour Tell Us About Uveitis? Alastair K.O. Denniston, S. John Curnow 3.1 Clinical Examination of the Aqueous Humour in Uveitis Introduction Observable Changes During Intraocular Inflammation Sampling of Aqueous Humour Identification of Infectious Agents in Aqueous Humour Intraocular Antibody and PCR Recent Technological Advances Leukocyte Populations in Aqueous Humour The Noninflamed Eye Cytocentrifuge Analysis of Leukocyte Populations in Uveitis Aqueous Humour Flow Cytometric Analysis of Uveitis Aqueous Humour Antigen Specificity of Aqueous Humour T Cells Changes in the Aqueous Humour Microenvironment During Episodes of Uveitis

3 X Immunological Properties of Aqueous Humour Cytokine Profiles of Aqueous Humour IL-10 In Aqueous Humour Summary and Future Directions References Chapter 4 Is Diabetic Retinopathy an Inflammatory Disease? Inflammation as a Stimulus for Vascular Leakage and Proliferation Antonia M. Joussen 4.1 Introduction Clinical Problems and Cellular Interaction in Diabetic Retinopathy Elevated Adhesion Molecules and Inflammatory Mediators in Diabetic Retinopathy Inflammatory Processes Mediate Diabetic Macula Edema Diabetic Vascular Leakage is Mediated by Inflammation Diabetic Vascular Leakage Can Be Inhibited by Anti-inflammatory Agents Inflammatory Aspects of Retinal Vascular Remodeling and Growth Leukocytes Mediate Retinal Vascular Remodeling During Development and Vaso-Obliteration in Disease Effects of VEGF on Ocular Neovascularisation and Vascular Permeability Clinical Application of the Inflammatory Concept in Diabetic Retinopathy Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Corticosteroids Antiangiogenic Treatment Phase 2 Trial: Intravitreous Pegaptanib as a Treatment for DME Clinical Experience with Bevacizumab in Diabetic Retinopathy Ranibizumab in Diabetic Macula Edema References Chapter 5 Steroid Sensitivity in Uveitis Richard W.J. Lee, Lauren P. Schewitz, Ben J.E. Raveney, Andrew D. Dick 5.1 Introduction Glucocorticoids as Regulators of the Immune Response Endogenous Glucocorticoids and the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Glucocorticoid Control of Cell Function The Interleukin-2/Glucocorticoid Balance Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Noninfectious Uveitis Steroid Sensitivity in Other Inflammatory Diseases The Concept of a Common Steroid Refractory Phenotype Immune Mechanisms of Steroid Resistance Future Directions: Novel Strategies to Optimise Glucocorticoid Treatment Targeting Steroid Refractory Cd4 + Cd25 int Cells Other Approaches References Chapter 6 Multiple Sclerosis and Uveitis Graeme J. Williams 6.1 Introduction Association Between Multiple Sclerosis and Uveitis Clinical Findings in MS-Associated Uveitis Histopathological Findings Experimental Models Treatment References Chapter 7 Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: What is the Evidence? Heping Xu, John V. Forrester 7.1 Introduction Evidence from Clinical Studies Genetic Link to Inflammation

4 XI Epidemiological Evidence for Inflammatory Markers in AMD C-Reactive Protein (CRP) IL Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α) Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM) Circulating White Blood Cell (WBC) Count Retinal Autoantibodies Other Markers Inflammatory Components in Drusen Evidence from Clinical Anti-inflammatory Treatment Studies Evidence from Experimental Studies Myeloid Cells in the Pathogenesis of AMD Choroidal Monocytes in the Pathogenesis of AMD Retinal Microglia in the Pathogenesis of AMD Complement Activation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Conclusion References Chapter 8 Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Immunological Factors in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Consequences Aize Kijlstra, Ellen C. La Heij, Fleur Goezinne, Fred Hendrikse 8.1 Introduction Inflammatory Cells in the Choroid and Retina in AMD Infectious Pathogens and AMD Role of Autoimmunity in AMD Drusen as Triggers of Complement Activation in AMD Genetic Factors Related to Inflammation and AMD Anti-inflammatory Effects of Nutritional Factors Anti-inflammatory Drugs and AMD Angiostatic Steroids Antiangiogenic Therapy in AMD Immunotherapy for AMD Retinal Transplantations References Chapter 9 Patterns of Retinal Vascular Involvement in the Diagnosis of Retinal Vasculitis Miles R. Stanford, Rashmi Mathew 9.1 Introduction Pathology of Retinal Vasculitis General Pathology of Retinal Vessels Pathology of Retinal Vessels in Specific Diseases Behçet s Disease Tuberculosis Sarcoidosis Multiple Sclerosis Idiopathic Isolated Retinal Vasculitis Acute Retinal Necrosis Sympathetic Ophthalmia Clinical Features of Retinal Vasculitis Primary, Idiopathic, Isolated RV Systemic Disease and RV Behçet s Disease Eales Disease Tuberculosis Sarcoidosis Multiple Sclerosis Retinal Vasculitis Associated with Infection Viral Retinitis Syphilis References Chapter 10 Masquerade Syndromes Shouvik Saha, Elizabeth M. Graham 10.1 Introduction Lymphoproliferative Malignancies Primary Intraocular Lymphoma Introduction Epidemiology Clinical Features Fluorescein Angiography Ultrasonography Special Investigations Neuroradiology Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Tissue Biopsy

5 XII Vitreous Sampling Other Tissue Sampling Techniques Tissue Analysis Techniques Cytology Immunohistochemistry Cytokines Molecular Analysis Treatment Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy Combination Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Prognosis Primary Uveal Lymphoma Secondary Intraocular Lymphomas Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Intravascular B-Cell Lymphoma (Malignant Angioendotheliomatosis) T or T/Nk-Cell Lymphomas Leukaemias Paraproteinaemias Nonlymphoproliferative Malignancies Uveal Melanoma Clinical Features Diagnosis Management Retinoblastoma Clinical Features Diagnosis Management Ocular Metastases Clinical Features Diagnosis Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Clinical Features Diagnosis Management References Index