Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction

Transcription

1 Recent Results in Cancer Research 182 Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction Bearbeitet von Paul M Schneider 1. Auflage Buch. xiv, 194 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 517 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Medizin > Klinische und Innere Medizin > Onkologie, Psychoonkologie Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents 1 Epidemiology of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Upper Gastric Third... 1 Manuel Vial, Luis Grande, and Manuel Pera 1.1 Introduction Demographics, Trends, and Geographic Variations of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and EGJ Age, Gender, and Race Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and ACE and EGJ Barrett s Esophagus and ACE and EGJ Obesity Additional Risk Factors for ACE and EGJ Tobacco Alcohol Diet and Nutrition Medications Helicobacter pylori Infection Summary References Clinical Classification Systems of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction Stefan Paul Mönig and Arnulf H. Hölscher 2.1 Esophagogastric Junction Introduction Definition Different Classification Systems Classification of Adenocarcinoma of the EGJ Type I-III Definition and Topographical Classification Diagnosis Biological and Clinical Variations ix

3 x Contents Surgical Consequences Conclusions References Histopathologic Classification of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction Stephan E. Baldus 3.1 Introduction Definition of the Esophagogastric Junction WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System General Principles Histopathologic Subtypes Precancerous Lesions and Histogenetic Aspects Prognostic Aspects of Histopathologic Classification UICC Classification and Grading Histopathologic Regression Grading After Neoadjuvant therapy References The Pathogenesis of Barrett s Metaplasia and the Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Brechtje A. Grotenhuis, J. Jan B. van Lanschot, Winand N.M. Dinjens, and Bas P.L. Wijnhoven 4.1 Introduction Normal Esophageal Epithelium Pathogenesis of Barrett s Metaplasia Development of Barrett s Esophagus: Congenital vs. Acquired Definition of Barrett s Metaplasia Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Cell of Origin of Barrett s Metaplasia Transformation into a Columnar Epithelium Clonal Expansion Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Hallmarks of Cancer Progression Genetic Instability Summary References Differences in the Molecular Biology of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Upper Gastric Third Kuno Lehmann and Paul M. Schneider 5.1 Introduction Microsatelite Instability (MSI) and Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH)... 66

4 Contents xi 5.3 Difference in Phenotype on Histology and Immunohistochemistry Differences in the Hallmarks of Cancer Self-Sufficiency in Growth Signals Insensitivity to Antigrowth Signals Evasion of Apoptosis Limitless Replicative Potential Sustained Angiogenesis Tissue Invasion Conclusion References Clinical Staging of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction Julia Cordin, Kuno Lehmann, and Paul M. Schneider 6.1 Introduction Establishing the Diagnosis The Tumor Center Localization Determines the Classification Preoperative TNM Staging Defines Further Treatment Strategies Imaging Techniques for AEG Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) Computed Tomography (CT) Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ( 18 FDG-PET) MRI Staging Laparoscopy Excludes Peritoneal Disease Conclusion References Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Staging and Therapy of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Upper Gastric Third Henriette Heinrich and Peter Bauerfeind 7.1 Introduction Staging and Marking Before ER Endoscopic Resection Techniques Results of ER Results in Early Barrett s Adenocarcinoma or HGD Complications of ER in Barrett Esophagus ER for HGC or Early Cancer at the Esophagogastric Junction ER for Gastric Neoplasia Conclusion References

5 xii Contents 8 Surgical Strategies for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction Marc Schiesser and Paul M. Schneider 8.1 Introduction Surgical Strategies for AEG Siewert Type I Reconstruction Limited Resection Minimal Invasive Operation Techniques Surgical Strategies for AEG Siewert Type II and III Limited Resection Minimal Invasive Techniques Sentinel Node Technique Summary References Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Adenocarcinoma of the Distal Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Proximal Stomach Stephan Gretschel and Peter M. Schlag 9.1 Introduction Pattern of Lymph Node Metastases Extension of Resection The Techniques of Sentinel Node Biopsy Upstaging Using the SLN as Frozen Section During Surgery Current Status of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Gastric Cancer Sentinel Lymph Node Concept in AEG References Current Diagnosis and Future Impact of Micrometastases for Therapeutic Strategies in Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Upper Gastric Third Asad Kutup, Emre F. Yekebas, and Jakob R. Izbicki 10.1 Introduction Incidence of Nodal Micrometastases Mode of Spread Effect of Nodal Microinvolvement on Survival Current and Future Perspectives References

6 Contents xiii 11 Quality Indicators of Surgery for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction Toni Lerut, Georges Decker, Willy Coosemans, Paul De Leyn, Herbert Decaluwé, Philippe Nafteux, and Dirk Van Raemdonck 11.1 Introduction Quality Issues in the Definition of Cancer of the Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Quality Control and Quality Issues in the Staging of Esophageal Cancer Quality Issues in the Use and Indications for Induction Chemo- and Chemoradiotherapy Chemotherapy Chemoradiotherapy Type of Surgical Approach, Extent of Esophageal/Gastric Resection, and Extent of Lymph Node Dissection Use (and Misuse?) of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Techniques Quality of Perioperative Management Conclusion References Peri-Operative and Complication Management for Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus and Oesophagigastric Junction K. Tobias E. Beckurts 12.1 Patient Selection and Evaluation Pre-Operative Preparation Anaesthesia Operative Prophylaxis of Complications Immediate Post-Operative Care Surgical Complications Management of Pulmonary Complications Postoperative Nutrition Summary References Multimodality Therapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus, Gastric Cardia, and Upper Gastric Third John V. Reynolds, Thomas J. Murphy, and Narayamasamy Ravi 13.1 Introduction Multimodal Therapy The Evidence-Base for Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Approaches

7 xiv Contents Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Postoperative Combination Therapy New Combinations and Novel Agents Conclusions References Metabolic Response Evaluation by PET During Neoadjuvant Treatment for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction A. Sendler 14.1 Response Evaluation Response Evaluation by CT Scan Studies and EUS Response Evaluation by PET After Neoadjuvant Treatment PET During Treatment Conclusion References Molecular Response Prediction in Multimodality Treatment for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction Georg Lurje and Heinz-Josef Lenz 15.1 Introduction Molecular Markers; Defining their Role Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR, HER2/neu) Tumor Suppressor Gene p Survivin Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Excision Repair Cross-Complementing 1 (ERCC1) Gene Expression Microarray Profiling CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) Conclusion References