Cataract and Refractive Surgery

Transcription

1 Cataract and Refractive Surgery 1. Auflage Buch. Hardcover ISBN Weitere Fachgebiete > Medizin > Klinische und Innere Medizin > Augenheilkunde, Optometrie Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents Cataract Surgery Chapter 1 Topical and Intracameral Anaesthesia for Cataract Surgery Roberto Bellucci, Simonetta Morselli 1.1 Introduction Foreword History Definitions Bases of Topical/Intracameral Anaesthesia in Cataract Surgery Physiological Bases Pharmacological Bases Surgical Bases Drugs Employed Topical Anaesthetic Drugs Ester-Bound Compounds Amide-Bound Compounds Influence of Formulation Routes of Administration Eyedrop Instillations Gel Application Drug-Soaked Sponges Intracameral Irrigations Viscoelastic-Borne Anaesthesia Preferred Procedures Patient Selection and Counselling Surgery Adaptation Management of Complications Postoperative Instructions Clinical Experience Topical Anaesthesia Intracameral Anaesthesia No Anaesthesia Cataract Surgery Current Recommendations Treatment Schedule Drug Selection Conclusions References Chapter 2 Surgical Techniques for Small Incision Cataract Surgery I. Howard Fine, Mark Packer, Richard S. Hoffman 2.1 Introduction Wound Construction and Architecture Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis Hydrodissection and Hydrodelineation Cortical Cleaving Hydrodissection Hydrodelineation Nucleofractis Techniques Divide and Conquer Technique Phaco Fracture Technique Chip and Flip Technique Crack and Flip Technique Phaco Chop Choo Choo Chop and Flip Laser Phacoemulsification Bimanual Ultrasound Phacoemulsification Conclusion References Chapter 3 Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices Steve A. Arshinoff 3.1 Introduction History Physical Properties of OVDs Generic or Proprietary Nomenclature

3 X Contents 3.5 Currently Marketed Polymers Sodium Hyaluronates Chondroitin Sulphate Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) Polymers no Longer Marketed as OVDs Polyacrylamide Collagen IV The Physical (Rheologic) Properties of OVDs and Their Measurement Viscosity (Dynamic) Plasticity Pseudoplasticity Elasticity Rigidity Cohesion and Dispersion Important Viscoelastic Rheologic Properties in the Various Steps of Cataract Surgery Choosing Viscoelastics for Specific Procedures Higher-Viscosity Cohesives Lower-Viscosity Dispersives The Viscoelastic Soft Shell Technique Background and Rationale The Dispersive-Cohesive Viscoelastic Soft Shell Technique Method Using the Soft Shell Technique Application of the Soft Shell Technique to specific problems Viscoadaptives Healon Development Viscoadaptive Use in Complications The Ultimate Soft Shell Technique Removal of Viscoadaptives Conclusion References Chapter 4 Foldable Intraocular Lenses Liliana Werner, Nick Mamalis 4.1 Introduction and Brief Overview of Biomaterials Used for the Manufacture of Foldable Intraocular Lenses Silicone Intraocular Lenses Plate Intraocular Lenses Three-Piece Intraocular Lenses Acrylic Intraocular Lenses Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses Hydrophilic Acrylic (Hydrogel) Intraocular Lenses Specialized Foldable Intraocular Lenses Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Toric Intraocular Lenses Aspheric Intraocular Lenses Intraocular Lenses with Special Blockers (Blue Blocker) Accommodative Intraocular Lenses Intraocular Lenses for Very Small Incisions Adjustable Power Intraocular Lenses Summary References Chapter 5 Accommodative IOLs Oliver Findl 5.1 Introduction Background Apparent Accommodation or Depth of Field Focus Shift Principle Clinical Assessment Accommodative IOLs Lens Refilling Clinical Experience with Available IOLs Conventional IOLs Accommodative IOLs Current Clinical Practice and Recommendations References Chapter 6 Prevention of Posterior Capsule Opacification Rupert M. Menapace 6.1 Definition, Types and Natural Behaviour of After-Cataract

4 Contents XI 6.2 Quantification of After-Cataract Prevention of After-Cataract Removing LEC from the Equator to Reduce the Proliferative Potential Erecting Mechanical Barriers to Prevent LEC Migration Rationale for Investigating Alternatives: Optic Edge Barrier Failures Factors Influencing Fibrotic After-Cataract Formation The Role of Optic Material The Role of Patient Age Alternatives to the Sharp-Edged Optic References Chapter 7 Management of the Mature Cataract Samuel Masket 7.1 Introduction Cortical (Intumescent) Mature Cataracts What to Do When Things Go Wrong The Nuclear Mature (Brunescent) Cataract Surgical Management References Chapter 8 The Treatment of Uveitic Cataract Arnd Heiligenhaus, Carsten Heinz, Matthias Becker 8.1 Introduction Basics for Cataract Formation in Uveitis Basics for the Consideration of IOL Implantation Uveal Biocompatibility Capsular Biocompatibility Patient Selection Aetiology of Uveitis Indications and Contraindications in Cataract Surgery Timing of Surgery and Preoperative Management Timing of Surgery Preoperative Anti-inflammatory Medication Surgery Intraoperative Medication Approaches to Cataract Surgery Extracapsular Cataract Extraction Phacoemulsification Lensectomy Pars Plana Approach to Lensectomy Anterior Vitrectomy Limbal Approach to Lensectomy Anterior Vitrectomy IOL Implantation General Concerns Indications and Contraindications Placement of the Intraocular Lenses IOL Material IOL Design IOL Explantation Combined Vitrectomy Anterior Vitrectomy Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) Typical Intraoperative Complications and Their Management Band Keratopathy Synechiae Miosis Hyphema Vitreous Loss and Membranes Typical Postoperative Complications and Their Management Inflammation Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma Ocular Hypotony Retinal Detachment, Macular Pucker and Uveal Effusion Synechiae Hyphema and Rubeosis Posterior Capsule Opacification Deposits of cells on the IOL Contact Lenses and Amblyopia Cystoid Macular Oedema Visual Outcome After Cataract Surgery in Patients with Uveitis Final Remarks References

5 XII Contents Chapter 9 Paediatric Cataract Surgery Charlotta Zetterström 9.1 Introduction Aetiology Morphology Amblyopia and Congenital Cataracts Congenital Dense Cataract Pre-operative Examination Surgical Technique in Infants Cataracts in Older Children Pre-operative Examination Surgical Technique IOL Power and Model Post-operative Treatment Post-operative Complications Current Clinical Recommendations References Chapter 10 Prevention and Treatment of Post-cataract Surgery Infection Wolfgang Behrens-Baumann 10.1 Introduction Incidence Sources of Contamination Prevention of Post-operative Endophthalmitis Preoperative Prophylaxis Intraoperative Prophylaxis Postoperative Prophylaxis Treatment of Post-cataract Endophthalmitis Diagnostic Measures Anti-infective Therapy Anti-inflammatory Therapy Surgery Conclusion References Refractive Surgery Chapter 11 Future Trends in Refractive Surgery Jacqueline T. Koo, Eric J. Linebarger, Richard L. Lindstrom, David R. Hardten 11.1 Introduction Cornea Corneal Tissue Removal Corneal Volume Addition Corneal Relaxation Corneal Compression Ciliary Body Lens Crystalline Lens Replacement Phakic Intraocular Refractive Lenses Conclusion References Chapter 12 LASIK Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Michael C. Knorz 12.1 History Patient Selection, Technique and Results Patient Selection Technique Results Complications Microkeratome-Related Flap Complications Other Flap Complications Interface Complications Quality of Vision Customized Ablations Wavefront Measurements Wavefront-Guided Treatments What Are the Benefits of Customised LASIK? References

6 Contents XIII Chapter 13 LASEK vs PRK Chun Chen Chen, Dimitri T. Azar 13.1 Introduction Surgical Technique of LASEK and PRK Personal Experience (Azar s Technique) Camellin s Technique Vinciguerra s Techinique (Butterfly Technique) Gel Assisted LASEK Clinical Results of LASEK vs PRK Electron Microscopy Preparation of Specimens for Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopic Analysis of Epithelial Sheets Removed Using 20% Alcohol Corneal Wound Healing After the Refractive Process Epithelial Wound Healing Stromal Wound Healing Epithelial Cell Viability References Chapter 14 Refractive Keratotomy: Does It Have a Future Role in Refractive Surgery? Mitchell P. Weikert, Douglas D. Koch 14.1 Introduction History of Refractive Keratotomy Principles of Refractive Keratotomy Techniques of Refractive Keratotomy [5] Major Clinical Trials in Refractive Keratotomy Complications of Refractive Keratotomy Hyperopic Drift Diurnal Fluctuation Other Complications Refractive Keratotomy for the Management of Astigmatism Cataract Incision Placement Opposite Clear Corneal Incisions Arcuate and Transverse Keratotomy Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions Conclusion References Chapter 15 Phakic Intraocular Lenses Dennis C. Lu, David R. Hardten, Richard L. Lindstrom 15.1 Introduction Limitations of Keratorefractive Procedures Role of Lenticular Refractive Procedures Evolution and Classification of Phakic IOLs Anterior Chamber Angle-Fixated Lenses Anterior Chamber Iris-Fixated Lenses Posterior Chamber Lenses Evaluation of the Phakic IOL Patient General Patient Factors Refraction Anatomic Factors Pre-existing Ocular Pathology IOL Sizing for Fixated Lenses IOL Calculations Peripheral Iridectomy or Iridotomy Surgical Technique Anterior Chamber Angle Fixated Anterior Chamber Iris Fixated Posterior Chamber Angle Fixated Posterior Chamber Phakic Refractive Lens Post-operative Course and Enhancements Results Myopic Results Hyperopic Results Toric Results Complications Conclusions References

7 XIV Contents Chapter 16 Refractive Lens Exchange Jose Luis Güell, Nancy Sandoval, Felicidad Manero, Oscar Gris 16.1 Introduction Myopia Visual Results Complications Hyperopia Visual Results Complications Multifocal IOLs Surgical Technique: Phaco-rolling References Chapter 17 The Concept of Wavefront-Guided Corneal Surgery Li Wang, Douglas D. Koch 17.1 Principle of Wavefront Technology Basics of Wavefront Aberration Visual Benefit of Higher-Order Aberration Correction Principles of Measuring Wavefront Aberration Quantifying Wavefront Aberrations Accuracy and Repeatability of Wavefront Aberrometers WaveScan Zywave COAS Tscherning Aberrometer Tracey VFA Clinical Outcome of Wavefront- Guided Corneal Surgery Methods Summary of Results Limitations of Wavefront-Guided Corneal Surgery Future of Wavefront-Guided Corneal Surgery References Chapter 18 The Pupil and Refractive Surgery Emanuel Rosen 18.1 Introduction Pupillometry and Refractive Surgery The Pupil and the Cornea Planning Corneal Refractive Surgery Pupils and Night Vision Pupillary Unrest, Anisocoria and Measurement How Should Pupils Be Measured? Data Acquisition and Processing System Illumination Pupillometry Studies Precision Accuracy References Chapter 19 Quality of Vision After Refractive Surgery Thomas Kohnen,Jens Bühren, Thomas Kasper, Evdoxia Terzi 19.1 Introduction Defining Quality of Vision Subjective Symptoms Visual Function Optical Image Quality The Role of Anatomy Measuring Quality of Vision Subjective: Questionnaires Functional Optical: Wavefront Sensing, MTF, PS F Anatomical: Biomicroscopy, Corneal Topography Specific Changes in Quality of Vision After Refractive Surgery Incisional Surgery Excimer Surgery Intraocular Lens Procedures Future Approaches to Improve Quality of Vision After Refractive Surgery References