CKSS 2012 Exercise Science Section 1: The Anatomical Position An Introduction to Health and Physical Education

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1 CKSS 2012 Exercise Science Section 1: The Anatomical Position An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN

2 Text Books, Work Book and Reading List Introductions My My Website kevinhouldcroft.com On Line Quiz: quizzes/es1_quizzes.htm

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4 The Anatomical Position Anatomical position: Anatomists and physiologists view the human body in this standard starting point v Body in an upright standing position v Face and feet pointing forward v Arms at side and forearms fully supinated (palms facing forward)

5 Anatomical Planes Anatomical Planes relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another: v Transverse plane: Divides the body into superior and inferior segments v Sagittal plane: Divides the body into medial and lateral segments v Frontal plane: Divides the body into anterior and posterior segments

6 Anatomical Axes Anatomical Axes are used to describe the direction of movement at joints: v Longitudinal (polar) axis: In a north-south relationship to the anatomical position v Horizontal (bilateral) axis: In an east-west relationship to the anatomical position v Antero-posterior axis: In a front-to-back relationship to the anatomical position

7 Basic Movements Involving a Joint Flexion - Extension Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones Extension: increasing the angle between two bones

8 Basic Movements Involving a Joint Abduction - Adduction Abduction: moving away from the midline Adduction: moving towards the midline

9 Basic Movements Involving a Joint Internal Rotation - External Rotation Internal rotation: rotating inward towards the midline External rotation: rotating outward away from the midline

10 Basic Movements Involving a Joint Circumduction Circumduction: circular motion

11 Basic Movements Involving a Joint Supination - Pronation Supination: lateral rotation of the hand and forearm Pronation: medial rotation of the hand and forearm

12 Basic Movements Involving a Joint Protraction - Retraction Protraction: moving in a forward (anterior) position Retraction: moving in a backward (posterior) position

13 Basic Movements Involving a Joint Dorsiflexion - Plantar Flexion Dorsiflexion: pointing the foot upward Plantar flexion: pointing the foot downward

14 Describing Position and Movement Anterior: front surface of the body Posterior: back surface of the body Superior: refers to structures being closer to the top of the body (excluding limbs) Inferior: refers to structures being closer to the lower part of the body (excluding limbs) Medial: towards the midline or mid-sagittal Lateral: away from the midline or midsagittal Proximal: towards the upper segment of a limb Distal: towards the lower segment of a limb

15 Relationship Between Axes and Planes Axis of Rotation Plane of Motion Example Horizontal (Bilateral) Sagittal Flexion/Extension Longitudinal (Polar) Transverse Rotation of extremities/ Axial rotation Antero-Posterior Frontal Abduction/Adduction

16 Finding Axes and Planes Axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement In the anatomical position: all flexion/ extension occurs in the sagittal plane, all abduction/adduction occurs in the frontal plane, and all rotation occurs in the transverse plane More involved movements usually occur as a combination of motions from more than one plane Longitudinal Axis Transverse Plane 90 o

17 Twirling What is the axis of rota-on? Polar What is the plane of mo-on? Transverse

18 Simon Says Planes of Movement Stride Jump Antero-Posterior Frontal Side Bend Antero-Posterior Frontal Elbow extension Bilateral Sagittal Nodding head yes Bilateral Sagittal Twirling Polar Transverse Shaking head no Polar Transverse

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